DB_Lecture1_Fundamentals.pdf

Database Systems Lecture 1 Basic Concepts Dr. Sarah M. Ayyad July 2024 Objective of the course This course is designed to introduce the fundamentals of Databases. The course will help you to develop skills in the design, construction, modification, and use of databases. You will learn h...

Database Systems Lecture 1 Basic Concepts Dr. Sarah M. Ayyad July 2024 Objective of the course This course is designed to introduce the fundamentals of Databases. The course will help you to develop skills in the design, construction, modification, and use of databases. You will learn how to construct ERD using practical case studies. You will apply normalization to data for effective, stable database design. You will construct simple and moderately advanced database queries using Structured Query Language (SQL). Grade Distribution Final Exam (50%) Mid-Term Exam (25%) Labs (10%) Practical Exam (10%) Assignments & Quizzes (10%)  What is Database? To find out what database is, we need to start from data; "the basic building block of any database". Data Facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning, e.g., text, numbers, figures. Record Collection of related data items Id Name Area of expertise 12345 Sarah Ayyad Machine learning Table / Relation Collection of related records. Id Name Area of expertise 12345 Sarah Ayyad Machine learning 12355 Mohammed Mohammed Radio frequency 12554 Asmaa Adel Software development 25554 Sarah Ahmed Networks 33332 Sally Hashem Human resources The columns of this table/relation are called Attributes. The rows are called Tuples or Records.  What is Database? Database is an organized collection of related data. In other words, it is a collection of structured data. Typically organized as "records/tables" and there are relationships between these tables. InsId CrsID Id Name Area of expertise 12345 22 12345 Sarah Ayyad Machine learning 12345 23 12355 Mohammed Mohammed Radio frequency 12554 25 12554 Asmaa Adel Software development 25554 22 25554 Sarah Ahmed Networks 33332 Sally Hashem Human resources CrsID Course Name 22 C# 23 Python 24 Node JS 25 php  Traditional File Based System File based system is an early attempt to computerize the manual system. Each Program defines and manages its own data  Traditional File Based System / Disadvantages Disadvantages Program Data Dependence All programs maintain metadata for each file they use Data Redundancy (Duplication of data) Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same data Limited Data Sharing No centralized control of data Separation & Isolation of data (each user has a copy) No Database Integrity Lengthy Development Times  Solution The database approach Central repository of shared data. Data in managed by a controlling agent. Stored in a standardized and convenient form. Applications of Database Systems Applications of Database Systems  Database Applications Databases touch all aspects of our lives. Some of the major areas of application are as follows: ❑Banking: transactions, accounts, loans. ❑Airlines: reservations, schedules. ❑Universities: registration, grades, exams, student information. ❑Sales: customers, products, purchases. ❑Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain. ❑Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions. ❑Telecommunication: records of calls made, generating monthly bills, information about the communication networks. ❑Geographic Information Systems (GIS) : store and analyze maps, weather data, and satellite images. Databases touch all aspects of our lives  Basic Definitions Database Management System: A database management system (DBMS) is a computerized record-keeping system DBMS is system software for creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data. A DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read, update and delete data in a database. The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users or application programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible. Database System: The DBMS software together with the data itself. Sometimes, the applications are also included. (Software + Database). Most Popular DBMSs Microsoft Access  DBMS Advantages/ Features Management of redundancy Security: Preventing unauthorized access. Providing Backup and Recovery. Sharing data. Different users get different views of the data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Program-Data Independence Metadata stored in DBMS, so applications don’t worry about data formats Management of Concurrency Graphical User Interfaces  DBMS Disadvantages Cost It needs expertise to use Impact of software failure DBMS may be incompatible with any other available DBMS.  Assignment 1 Make a comparison table to differentiate between four DBMSs. Comparison table should be in one page. (English, Arabic) Send assignment as an email attachment to: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdte5tcrHjNoFiYdyhMgLEnSmJ35XHXktjHhViPw6j NuQUYEA/viewform?usp=sf_link Title of the email should be: Assignment 1 – database course – Program name Deadline: 1 August, 2024. Be honest! say NO to friends when they ask for toxic help “cheating” that violates academic integrity standards. both cheater & cheated-from will get ZERO! Assignments for individuals and exams are for individuals, not teams! Questions? 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