Day 4, Confined Space Entry, Hot Work and Gas Testing.pdf

Classification: Tasnee - General Information 1 1 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Knowing the definition of confined space according to OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910. 146 ❑ Knowing the types confined spaces and types of Hazards ❑ Knowing the haz...

Classification: Tasnee - General Information 1 1 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Knowing the definition of confined space according to OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910. 146 ❑ Knowing the types confined spaces and types of Hazards ❑ Knowing the hazardous for every confined space type and prevention control measures. ❑ Hazardous Atmosphere : The air is not safe for a worker to breath inside a confined space ❑ Engulfment Hazard: The space contains solid or liquid materials that could harm a person. ❑ Entrapment Hazard: The shape of the space makes it dangerous, where workers can be trapped. ❑ Knowing the definition of hot work according to OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1917. 152 ❑ Knowing the hazardous for hot work and prevention control measures. ❑ Knowing gas Testing Requirements ❑ Knowing gas test Frequency Matrix ❑ Knowing threshold limits value (TLV) for commonly tested substance 3 3 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Confined Space: Any enclosure having a limited opening for entry and exit, unfavorable natural ventilation, which could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants presents serious hazards to occupants; or which is not intended for continuous employee occupancy. These include, but are not limited to drum, column, tank, heat exchanger, ducts, stack, pipe, manholes, pits, excavation more than 1.2 meters in depth. Confined space Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a confined space. Entry is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the person’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space. A confined space entry means when the head or feet of a person passes the outside limits of the confined space and enters into it. Chemical Hazards: The chemical properties of process substances pertaining to their toxicity, flammability, explosiveness, corrosiveness, reactivity, and other characteristics that, when released, create hazards to people, facilities, and the environment. 4 4 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Chemical substances: Any toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritating or smothering substance or mixture of such substances. Toxic materials: A liquid, gas or vapor and solid material capable of causing serious injury or death to person. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT): Wet-bulb globe temperature a type of apparent temperature used to estimate the effect of temperature, humidity, wind speed(windchill),and visible and infrared radiation (usually sunlight) on humans. It is used by industrial hygienists, athletes, and the military to determine appropriate exposure levels to high temperatures. Extreme Temperature: A temperature which is above or below the Occupational Health limits. Explosive substance: A chemical substance that causes a sudden, almost immediate release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, high temperature or chemical reaction. 5 5 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Rescue plan: A Plan that is used to rescue the persons from the Confined Space regardless of confined Space category Lifeline/Retrieval line: A line (such as a rope or similar) used for preserving or saving life. A lifeline is used to maintain contact with a person in a dangerous or potentially dangerous situation (such as Confined Space). If retrieval line is used, the line can be used for rescue in case of an emergency. Venting: Allowing gases or vapors to be released to the atmosphere or flare or a recovery system during the activities of depressurization or purging. Ventilation: Ventilating a vessel or area by using an air moving device (e.g. fan) to draw fresh air through the vessel or Ventilating by natural flow of fresh air through the equipment by natural means. Breathing Apparatus: Line-air supplied via manually operated pump or cylinders of compressed air, selfcontained apparatus carried by the wearer or a recycled air system. Canisters, cartridge and other forms of filter mask do not constitute Breathing apparatus. 6 6 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Lower Explosion Limit (LEL): The minimum concentration of vapor in air below which propagation of flame will not occur in the presence of an ignition source. The LEL is expressed as a volume percentage of vapor in air. Threshold Limit Value (TLV): Toxic gas concentration above which it is not safe to work extended periods. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): The maximum concentration of a flammable/combustible gas, vapor, mist, or dust in air that will support combustion when an ignition source is present. Gas Tester: A person who has undergone training on the use of gas detecting equipment and is authorized to conduct gas test. Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere: An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% by volume, oxygen at sea level. The oxygen we normally breathe at lower elevations is about 20.8%. 7 7 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere: An atmosphere containing more than 22.5% oxygen by volume. Oxygen-rich atmospheres expand the range of flammability, lower the ignition energy, and will cause combustible materials to burn violently when ignited. Hot Work: Any work capable of supplying source of ignition energy for igniting flammable mixtures or combustible materials or working on live electrical circuits. Job Safety Analysis (JSA): Is a Method which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. In a JSA, each basic step of the job is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. 8 8 Classification: Tasnee - General Information General Manager ❑ Shall be certified in work permit and responsible to countersign permits with regards to hot taps, work on flare headers, category A confined space entry. ❑ Shall ensure that the work cannot be done by an alternative means of lower risk. ❑ Shall ensure proper hazard identifications and hazard mitigation implementations. Area Owner (Managers/Superintendents) ❑ Shall be certified in work permit. ❑ Shall be responsible to countersign all permit of Hot work, Radioactive source work and Confined space entry. ❑ Shall ensure that the requirements of WORK PERMIT are implemented, maintained and followed in his area of responsibility. ❑ Shall ensure proper hazard identification and hazard mitigation implementation. ❑ Shall communicate the reported WORK PERMIT deviations during the IMRS Forum meeting. ❑ Shall identify ALL POSSIBLE confined spaces in his area of responsibility. Maintenance Manager ❑ Shall ensure the WORK PERMIT Process applied as per the method. ❑ Shall communicate the reported WORK PERMIT deviations during the IMRS Forum meeting and take action based on reported cases. ❑ Shall audit frequently all issued work permit to ensure the compliance. 9 9 ❑ Shall ensure rescue equipment’s are provided by contactors. Classification: Tasnee - General Information Confined Space Entrant. ❑ Shall ensure that he “signs in” or “signs out” as appropriate on (the Confined Space Entry Log Sheet). ❑ Shall follow all hazard mitigations in the permit and be alerted to changing conditions. ❑ Shall be competent to use the safety equipment as specified on the permit as applicable. ❑ Exit and Alert the Standby man whenever: ❑ An evacuation order is given by the Standby man. ❑ The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation. ❑ The entrant detects change on hazardous condition. ❑ An emergency siren is activated. ❑ Shall always follow the Standby man instruction. ❑ Shall report any defect in the equipment to the standby. 10 10 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Standby during Confined space Work ❑ Standby Man shall be continuously present for the confined space entry at each entrance not barricaded. ❑ Ensure the Confined Space Entry Log Sheet is completed prior to entry and directly after exit for each person who enters any confined space. ❑ Never enter a confined space, even in the event of an emergency. ❑ Ensure that the entrance to a confined space is positively barricaded and / or locked during periods when no work is performed. ❑ Regularly observe conditions within and outside the specific confined space (without entering the confined space personally). 11 11 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Fire watch can be standby but standby can’t be fire watch unless he trained and certified by third party Fire Watch During Hot Work ❑ If hot work is being performed above ground level, precautions must be taken to keep people from entering the area underneath the hot work. ❑ Sewer openings, drains and floor openings kept covered. ❑ Watch for fires that may be created by the hot work. ❑ Familiar with the ECP in the event of a fire. ❑ Shall ensure that all the vehicles / equipment used are switched off and secured (to prevent any possibility of fire/emergency while unattended) ❑ Fire watch shall not leave the work location for 1 Hour after completion of hot work were welding activity or grinding took place, to check for any potential delay ignition. 12 12 Classification: Tasnee - General Information EHSS Fire Chief. ❑ Shall carrying out rescue operations within Confined Spaces, as requested by area owner. ❑ Shall ensure an inspection of life supporting equipment and other emergency equipment for temporary use by personnel provided by third parties to be used in Confined Spaces. ❑ Shall ensure certification and qualifications of the 3rd party rescuers when outsourced. ❑ Shall ensure to conduct rescue drill before task executed. 13 13 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Confined Spaces outlines: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Confined space categories. Confined Space Entry Package and preparation Confined space hazard identification: confined Space Entry preparation Ventilation Requirements and gas testing for Confined Space. Rescue plan Preparation and requirements for confined Space Entry. Safe Access and Exists for confined Space. Condition Changes during confined Space Entry Permit. Work inside confined Space. Factors Contributing to Confined Space injuries: ❑ Failure to recognize confined spaces ❑ Underestimating the danger ❑ Unspecialized people attempt to rescue their colleagues. 14 14 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Classification: Tasnee - General Information What Killed those men? 16 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Confined space categories. ❑ “A” Category Confined Space Authorization: Confined space where it is possible for hazardous substances to be present and permanent breathing apparatus shall be worn during the execution of the task. ❑ “B” Category Confined Space Entry Authorization: Confined space where there are no hazardous substances or where the environment can and has been made safe and can be kept safe during execution of the task. ❑ Confined Space Entry Package and preparation: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ JSA. Ventilation plan. Master blind list & marked up P&IDs Master tag list & marked up P&IDs Energy isolation form. Lifting plan. Excavation request certificate. Fire interruption / isolation form Rescue plan 17 17 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Confined space hazard identification: shall be recognized by posting sign boards stating the confined space condition as follows: ❑ “Oxygen Deficient atmosphere”. ❑ “DANGER CONFINED SPACE – ENTER BY PERMIT ONLY”. ❑ DANGER Nitrogen / Inert Gas Purge in Progress”. 18 18 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Confined Space Entry preparation ❑ Free of dangerous chemical substances / liquid As far as practically possible for “A” category and mandatory for “B” category ❑ Energy isolation in terms of: ❑ Electrical Isolation for energy sources of all driven equipment as well as Lockout/Tagout process. ❑ Positive Isolation by installing rated blind / disconnecting line. ❑ Process or utility lines entering or leaving the equipment / unit must be positively isolated at the nearest location to working asset ❑ Radiation sources removed / isolated. ❑ No process material remains. ❑ Sewer openings in immediate area shall be covered. ❑ Air shall be tested, and Ventilation shall be provided. ❑ Communication systems shall be available. 19 19 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Ventilation Requirements and gas testing for Confined Space. ❑ Oxygen content between 19.5% to 22.5%. ❑ Flammable gases and vapors (LEL) below 5%. ❑ Potential toxic air contaminants in terms of CO and NH3 maximum allowable concentration is 25 PPM. ❑ Wet bulb globe temperature ≤ 35°C or Ambient Temp ≤ 46 °C as maximum. ❑ Atmospheric temperature according to the Weather Condition Health & Safety Advisory reported by TASNEE clinic. ❑ Depending on the situation, type of ventilation shall be selected ( natural draft, use of fans, or air movers or air conditioning systems ) ❑ Pure Oxygen shall not be used to ventilate confined spaces. ❑ Plant air shall not be used to ventilate unless it is used for pull out ventilation. ❑ Air movers shall be listed for the area electrical classification and grounded to prevent the accumulation and discharge of static electricity. Please note that : All confined spaces must be considered “A” category until tested and verified as a “B” category. 20 20 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Ventilation Requirements for Confined Space. ❑ For horizontal exchanger which are opened from both ends during the confined space entry, ventilation plan is not required. ❑ Do Not use Nitrogen to ventilate confined spaces, as this could lead to oxygen enrichment/deficiency of the space. ❑ Only pneumatic driven blower, fans and air movers are allowed to ventilate the confined spaces. ❑ Fans and air movers shall be ensured that it is electrically bonded and grounded to the vessel. ❑ Air conditioners can be installed as an alternate of ventilation wherever it is convenient. Air Conditioners capacity will be used to identify the ventilation rate required. However, in case of use of Air Conditioners for ventilation, Air Movers shall be kept ready to use in case of Air Conditioners shutdown or any emergency. ❑ A positive means of ventilating confined space shall be established and kept operated the entire time while work is in progress. ❑ Following tips shall be considered for ventilation: ❑ Positioning of mechanical aspirators, drawing of fresh air, routing of exhaust air. ❑ Ventilation plan shall be prepared and approved as per IMRS 13-02-01-23 Ventilation plan. ❑ Ventilation of a space will also vary depending on the type of material that is being ventilated from the space. 21 21 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Rescue plan Preparation and requirements for confined Space Entry. If hazard cannot be mitigated, then Rescue shall be prepared prior to entry. ❑ When required ? ❑ Rescue Plan is mandatory for all Confined Space entry types. ❑ Rescue Plan shall consider the following: ❑ The hazards outcome of the JSA. ❑ The location of the work. ❑ Number of workers, even if there will be only single worker. ❑ The duration and period the of work. ❑ The resources needed for the rescue and the number of people required. ❑ Internal Configuration ❑ Elevation ❑ Manway Size ❑ Confined Space Access 22 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ It is important to consider the following conditions when planning for a confined space entry work. ❑ Internal Configuration: ❑ Confined space contains some type of obstruction that a rescuer would need to maneuver. For example, a baffle or mixing blade, large equipment, such as a ladder or scaffold, brought into the confined space for work purposes would be considered an obstruction if the positioning or size of the equipment would make the rescue difficult. ❑ Elevation: ❑ Elevated a confined space entry where the entrance or opening is above ground by 4 feet or more. This type of confined space usually requires knowledge of high angle rescue procedures because of the difficulty in packaging and transporting a victim to the ground from the confined space. ❑ Non-elevated a confined space entry with the entrance located less than 4 feet above ground. This type of space will allow the rescue team to transport an injured worker normally. ❑ Manway Size: ❑ Restricted a Manway of 24 inches or less in the smallest dimension. Manways of this size are too small to allow a rescuer to simply enter the space while using SCBA. The Manway size is also too small to allow normal spinal immobilization of an injured worker. ❑ Unrestricted A Manway of greater than 24 inches in the smallest dimension. These Manway allow relatively free movement into and out of the confined space. ❑ Confined Space Access: ❑ Horizontal the Manway is located on the side of the confined space Use of retrieval lines could be difficult. ❑ Vertical the Manway is located on the top or bottom of the confined space. Rescuers must climb down or up the permit space respectively to enter it. Vertical portals may require knowledge of rope techniques, or special patient packaging to safely retrieve a downed entrant. 23 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Rescue plan Preparation and requirements for confined Space Entry. ❑ All confined Space Entry shall have a developed Rescue plan as per the method (using Rescue plan form) how to enter, exit, escape, and rescue personnel working in confined spaces it shall be done during the job planning phase and before confined entry Permit issuing. ❑ Confined spaces on a site visit shall be assessed to determine what special equipment or procedures may be involved when conducting a rescue operation ❑ Rescue Plan shall be prepared by task execution Supervisor or above from Tasnee team and contractor. ❑ Familiarize all execution team with the approved rescue plan before starting the activity. ❑ Provision of Rescue Equipment: ❑ Rescue Equipment shall be suitable and sufficient to respond to an emergency in a timely and safe manner. for example, rescue equipment may include: ❑ Full body harness with retrieval line attached. ❑ Hand-cranked mechanical winch and tripod (required when entrant is five feet or more below the entrance). ❑ Lifeline. ❑ Explosion-proof lighting. ❑ Breathing apparatus. ❑ Stretcher. ❑ Based on the type of the confined spaces entry and the condition of the work and location rescue plan need to be devolved. 24 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Rescue plan Preparation and requirements for confined Space Entry. If confined Space Entry Category B, the Rescue shall be prepared prior to entry with obtained approval as below: ❑ Whom will prepare and How to ? ❑ Rescue plan shall be countersigned by permit issuer. ❑ Rescue plan shall be reviewed and approved by Incident Commander. ❑ Rescue plan shall be attached with confined space entry permit at site. ❑ Minimum rescue equipment shall be readily and available. 25 25 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Rescue plan Preparation and requirements for confined Space Entry. If confined Space Entry Category A, the Rescue shall be prepared prior to entry with obtained approval as below: ❑ Whom will prepare and How to ? ❑ Rescue plan shall be countersigned by permit issuer. ❑ Rescue plan shall be reviewed by Incident Commander. ❑ Rescue plan shall be approved by Incident Commander. ❑ Rescue plan shall be attached with confined space entry permit at site. ❑ Minimum rescue equipment shall be readily and available. 26 26 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Safe Access and Exists for confined Space. ❑ The manway and or cover shall not be opened until made safe to enter. ❑ All open manway and or cover not in use must be positively barricaded. ❑ barricading tape is not allowed to be used for manway and or cover. ❑ In all cases, adequate and safe access and exit out shall be provided for the confined space. ❑ Personnel should not be lowered into confined spaces, without facilities to climb back out themselves. ❑ Use of cage for lifting material / person in the confined space shall be included in the JSA. ❑ personnel shall not be underneath when material is lowered or removed from confined space through winch / rope, cage, basket, etc. ❑ Condition Changes during confined Space Entry Permit. If a confined space condition been interrupted due to potential toxic or respiratory hazardous atmosphere arise or any emergency that requires immediate departure from the confined space: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ the Standby Person shall notify the concerned issuer as soon as possible. The Permit shall be withdrawn. All the entrants shall leave the confined space immediately. Permit issuer shall immediately cancel the confined entry permit. The confined space shall be evaluated to determine how the hazardous atmosphere developed. ❑ Control measures shall be implemented to eliminate the hazardous atmosphere prior to any subsequent entry. 27 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Work inside confined Space. ❑ Work at elevation inside confined space. ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ The area below elevated work shall be barricaded Splash pans (used to collect oil spillage) shall be provided as needed. warning signs of overhead work shall be posted workers underneath elevation shall be protected from objects falling by means of suitable temporary barrier. ❑ Equipment and Tools for Confined Space. ❑ All electrical equipment shall be properly insulated and grounded with GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) connected. ❑ All electrical equipment shall be less than 24 volts. ❑ Pneumatically driven power tools equipped with conductive air supply hoses shall be used where possible. ❑ All hand-held electrical equipment shall meet the applicable local/regional/international standards. ❑ All cord and plug connected electrical equipment shall be equipped with ground fault circuit interrupters. ❑ Scaffolding, whenever required, shall does not obstacle the entrance or exit into or out of the confined space. 28 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Hot Work inside confined spaces. When Hot Work is necessary inside confined space, special precautions must be taken according to the obtained hot work requirements: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ A Hot Work Permit shall be issued in addition to the Confined Space Entry Permit. The Equipment shall be prepared for hot work. A detailed analysis (JSA) shall be developed and followed. Adequate ventilation shall be required at all times when performing hot work in a confined space. Vessel internals such as vortex breakers, columns, , trays, etc. shall be carefully checked to ensure complete removal of material which might be a source of flammable, toxic or other gases, liquids, vapors or dusts at working location. Hot work shall not be allowed in any confined space where there are other activities in progress which could increase flammable gas levels in the space or create hazards for others in the space. An approved dry chemical fire extinguisher (A, B, C) shall be positioned as near the entrance as possible. Fire Extinguishers must be provided by the contractor. TASNEE Fire extinguishers shall not be used for hot work by contractor. When persons are working in close proximity or overhead of each other, suitable barriers shall be provided. 29 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Hot Work inside confined spaces. ( continued ) ❑ When welding taken place in confined spaces the following precautions shall be followed. ❑ Atmosphere Testing shall be carried out. ❑ Welding machine shall be grounded. ❑ Compressed Gas cylinders and welding machines shall be kept outside the confined space. ❑ Gas-burning or welding torches shall not be left inside the confined space while unattended. ❑ If removal of the torches is impractical, the hose at the regulator shall be disconnected. ❑ The gas cylinders shall be removed from the operating area at the end of any work period. ❑ When arc welding is to be stopped for any reason, the electrode shall be removed from the electrode holder and the holder carefully located so that accidental contact cannot occur. ❑ The welding machine shall be shut down or disconnected from the power source while unattended ❑ All arc welding leads and oxy-acetylene hoses shall be inspected for cuts, leaks, breaks, and insulation damage prior to use and repaired or replaced before use. ❑ Hoses and torches should be lowered through the manhole. 30 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Hot Work Outlines: ❑Nature of hot work ❑Asset preparation for hot work ❑Tools and location preparation for hot work ❑Prohibited of hot work 31 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Nature of hot work Any work capable for supplying of ignition source or any work that presents a hazard or high risk to employees and/or plant facilities. such as but not limited to: ❑ Use of open flame/spark producing equipment, welding, torch cutting, brazing, chipping, grinding, etc. ❑ Hot work permit shall be obtained for running/operate equipment’s and machines at site when exceeding the duration of vehicle / equipment entry permit. ❑ Working on live electrical circuits. ❑ Use of non-intrinsically safe electrical tools, explosive power cartridges, cameras or other activities which produce internal sparks, hot surfaces or other ignition sources. 32 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Asset preparation for hot work: ❑ Asset has been De- pressurized, vented, purged, ensuring no flammable or combustible or other related materials remaining. ❑ Blocked valves including double block and bleed arrangements are not acceptable methods of positive isolation for hot work. ❑ positive isolation by installing rated blind or disconnecting line whenever applicable. ❑ JSA. ❑ Master blind list & marked up P&IDs. ❑ Master tag list & marked up P&IDs. ❑ Energy isolation form. ❑ Instrument impulse tubes shall be purged, disconnected and tagged. ❑ The lines and sources of flow or pressure shall be positively isolated. 33 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Tools and area preparation for hot work: ❑ An initial combustible (LEL) gas test shall be done prior to commencing the hot work. ❑ Gas tests shall be continuous or periodically repeated according to the plant condition criteria. ❑ flammable and combustible materials shall be controlled and removed ensuring no materials present within (11 m) radiance from the hot work area ❑ sewers, drains and floor opening shall be covered and wetted. ❑ Gas cylinders and welding machine shall be kept in a safe distance from the welding / cutting operation. ❑ Sparks generated shall be totally contained ❑ All equipment and tools shall be free of any defects ❑ Oxygen cylinder hoses and fittings shall not be in contact with oil or grease. ❑ Valves on cylinders and torches must be closed not in use. ❑ Gas cylinders must be chained and secured upright in cylinder trolley. ❑ Welding machine shall be inspected and grounded. 34 Classification: Tasnee - General Information 35 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Gas Testing Outlines: ❑ Gas testing is conducted by using a gas testing device (gas detector) to determine air quality, work atmosphere suitability and the required personal protective equipment. ❑ It ensures that worker will not be exposed to harmful concentrations of hazards substances or an oxygen deficient atmosphere, ❑ Atmospheres that have not been tested shall be considered hazardous until tests prove otherwise. ❑ Even during conducting gas testing, don’t enter or insert your body into a hazardous atmosphere. ❑ Gas detectors shall only be used in atmospheres containing oxygen between (10 - 20.8 %) as the device will not accurately function beyond this range. ❑ Gas testing subtitles: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Gas Testing Requirements. Gas test Frequency. Concentrations & Safe Ranges of Gases. Gas Detectors Maintenance & Calibration. 36 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Gas Testing Requirements: ❑ Gas testing is mandatory for hot work, confined space entry, vehicle/equipment entry, and working in live electrical circuits in classified areas. ❑ All users of portable gas detectors shall be trained and certified. ❑ Works outside the designated hazardous location may no longer require a gas test. ❑ For measurement on enclosed locations the following precautions shall be taken: ❑ Avoid condensation or sucking up liquid into the sample tube. ❑ Hot work (e.g., flame, arc, or spark) shall not be permitted until atmospheres has been tested and concentration of gas or vapor is less than 5% of the LEL. ❑ Portable or continuous monitoring devise shall be equipped with An audible alarm and visible light for warning purpose. ❑ The alarms of the gas testing device should stay until the device is reset or the concentrations have returned to safe level. ❑ Whenever gas detector alarm sounded all workers shall stop the work, evacuate to safe assembly area and report to permit issuer. ❑ For open flame / spark, continuous gas monitoring is mandatory. ❑ The test result shall be recorded in the Work Permit by the authorized gas tester. 37 Classification: Tasnee - General Information Always test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe. Good air near the opening does NOT mean there is good air at the bottom! 38 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Gas test Frequency: ❑ Maximum allowable frequency between gas test is 2 hours. ❑ Gas test frequency shall be clearly identified in the work permit ❑ In the case of continuous gas test, ❑ Functional test shall be carried out for the Gas detector device at least during start of the operation each new shift. ❑ Gas test result shall be recorded in the Work Permit every 2 hours. ❑ A fresh gas test shall be carried out before: ❑ Restarting hot work in the event that the job is stopped/ interrupted for more than one hour. ❑ If an operational upset occurs or conditions change during the course of the work which could affect the concentration of hazardous or toxic gas at the work site. ❑ If there’s a doubt or requested, gas testing shall be conducted/repeated. 39 Classification: Tasnee - General Information 40 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Concentrations & Safe Ranges of Gases: ❑ No person is allowed to work in an atmosphere containing toxic gas or vapor in a concentration beyond threshold limits value (TLV) without using appropriate protection. ❑ Threshold limits value (TLV) for each substance can be found in SDS. 41 Classification: Tasnee - General Information ❑ Gas Detectors Maintenance & Calibration: ❑ Operations shall ensure that maintenance and calibration of portable gas detector instruments shall confirm with the manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations. ❑ Maintenance and calibration of these gas detectors shall be undertaken by the Maintenance or authorized third party. ❑ Any fault indications, noted by the operator using the equipment, shall be reported immediately to the Operation Shift Supervisor. ❑ The Operations Shift Supervisor shall ensure that operational checkup of these gas detectors is done to ensure their reliability and its condition. ❑ All Operations personnel authorized to conduct gas test must first check the condition of the equipment prior to its use. ❑ Gas detectors by contractors or third parties are allowed after it's been checked and approved by related maintenance department. ❑ Competent third party shall calibrate gas detectors. ❑ Only trained and competent personnel shall carry out calibration, repairs and maintenance of gas detectors. ❑ Periodic checks shall be carried out on or before the inspection expiration date to ensure the portable gas testing device is reliable. ❑ In case of detector calibration validity date expired, the detector shall not be utilized. ❑ (Refer to below Photo Gas Detector device & inspection expiration). 42 Classification: Tasnee - General Information 43