Day 2 Geol Board Exams PDF

Scheduled 20 September 2023 from 10:00 to 11:00 Day 2 Geol Boardmaintenance: Exams (by Geol. Franz) Study what groupdFranz) does this minerals belong? Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Sulfide Minerals Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, marcasite, galena, pyrrhotite, cinnabar, arsenopyrite, stibnite, realgar...

Scheduled 20 September 2023 from 10:00 to 11:00 Day 2 Geol Boardmaintenance: Exams (by Geol. Franz) Study what groupdFranz) does this minerals belong? Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Sulfide Minerals Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, marcasite, galena, pyrrhotite, cinnabar, arsenopyrite, stibnite, realgar Science Earth Science Geology Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) 11 studiers recently Marcasite (FeS2) Streak = grayish black, hardness 6-6.5, Specific gravity = 5.89 5.0 (2 reviews) Terms in this set (1895) Derivative structure of marcasite; half of S is Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) replaced by As Streak = black, hardness 5.5-6, S.G. = 6.07 these are the gangue minerals in this type of deposit: Gangue Minerals: Hypothermal Quartz Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) Streak = greenish-black, hardness = 3.5-4, Specific gravity = 4.1-4.3 Fluorite Tourmaline Topaz deposit type Formed at intermediate depths, T, and Mesothermal Deposits Galena Pbs Cinnabar (HgS) Streak = lead gray, hardness = 2.5, specific gravity = 7.4-7.6 Streak = scarlet, hardness = 2.5, specific gravity = 8.10 P Sulfide ore minerals include: galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, bornite, etc. Sphalerite (ZnS) these are the gangue minerals in this type of deposit: Stibnite (Sb2S3) Gangue Minerals: Mesothermal streak = lead-grey to black, hardness = 2, specific gravity = 4.52-4.62 Streak = lead-grey or black, hardness = 2, specific gravity = 4.52-4.62 Quartz Carbonates Realgar (AsS) streak = red-orange, hardness = 1-1.5, specific gravity = 3.48 what mineral group? Tubulite (Ag2Pb22Sb20S53) Sulfide Minerals tubular morphology; capillary action or aliens? Form in oxygen-poor environments Prone to rapid oxidation and release of sulfuric acid Major ore minerals of base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) Cotain S2- or S2 4- HCl Strong acids and bases LiOH KOH HNO3 what type of deposit? CH3COOH Formed at shallow depths Epithermal Deposits Weak acids and bases Relatively low T and P NH3 H2O Sulfide ore minerals include: realgar, cinnabar, acanthite, pyrite, orpiment, stibnite, sphalerite, proustite, pyragitite Major ore minerals Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Form in oxygen poor environments Sulfides Smallest unitFranz) of a structure or pattern that can be Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Unit cell Prone to rapid oxidation and release of sulfuric acid repeated to generate an entire structure or print of a pattern Most are opaque Streak Color important for identification Results from translation in two directions General Formula XmSn Translational patterns described with vectors a and Plane lattice b Sphalerite Angles between the vector gamma Galena Only five possible plane lattices Cinnabar Sulfide ore Minerals Molybdenite Bornite Glide planes Argentite Acanthite Efflorescent Salts Rapid evaporation of ferrous sulfate solutions Rotoinversion Axis Results in soluble salts Melanterite Rozenite Uranyl Silicate Monoclinic Most common secondary uranyl mineral group Orthorhombic U:Si = 2:5 Framework silicates Haiweeite the center and inversion through the center Designated by a number with a bar, or a symbol with a circle inside Triclinic Szomolnokite and reflection Symmetry operator that combines rotation about what deposits type minerals are these? Supergene Minerals planes that Represent a combination of translation Tetragonal Weeksite a not equal b not equal c alpha not equal beta not equal gamma not equal 90 a not equal b not equal c alpha equals gamma equals 90 a not equal b not equal c alpha equals beta equals gamma equals 90 a equals b not equal c alpha equals beta equals gamma = 90 Soddyite Trigonal nlamdba = 2dsin(theta) hexagonal alpha = beta = 90 gamma = 120 Relate the ratios of the wavelengths of the rays to Bragg's Law alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 a = b not = c Used to determine positions of atoms by how they diffract rays --> had spacing of the layers a equals beta not equal c the spacing between layers and how that relates to the angle of incident beams n = whole number series when waves of different Cubic layers are in phase with one another Mathematics to find patterns of diffraction related to spacing between layers Primitive lattice (P) a=b=c alpha = beta = gamma = 90 1 lattice point in cell 4lattice points in cell Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Face-centered lattice (F) 1 at each corner Imaginary that divides a crystal into two Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.plane Franz) Mirror planes 1 on each face/side halves Each of which is a mirror image of the other (1/2) 6 + (1/8)8 = 4 Imaginary line through the center of the crystal 2 lattice points Body-centered lattice (I) Axis rotation 1 at each corner about which a specific motif (in point group symmetry a crystal face) is rotated 1 in the center of cell 1 + (1/8)*8 = 2 Unit face Arbitrary assignment of all three dimensions 1a, 1b, and 1c 32 possible combinations of the non-translational Point group symmetry elements such that they all pass through a 1) Includes a series of whole numbers derived from point and are compatible with the 14 Bravais lattices intercepts by inverting and clearing fractions 2) Simplified and more descriptive than face Triclinic minimum symmetry 1 intercepts 3) Express crystal lattice planes and directions in Monoclinic Minimum symmetry Orthorhombic symmetry 2 or m Miller indices crystals 4) always given order a, b, c so we do not use letters Combination of 3m and 2 5) placed in parentheses to keep the evil contained 6) reciprocals of axes intercepts (hkl), which negates Tetragonal minimum symmetry 4 the need for infinity Trigonal minimum symmetry one 3 Z Hexagonal minimum symmetry one 6 Atomic mass Cubic minimum symmetry Four 3 Miller Indices neutrons + protons same number of protons (same element) different number of neutrons Reciprocals of axes intercepts with fractions cleared Usually of the form (hkl) Expresses how motif is repeated about a point in Point symmetry Isotope the sign for atomic number/number of protons K, L, M, N, O Electron shells Describe the different levels of electrons Close electrons --> low energy Far electrons --> high energy three-dimensional space. Point is center of a crystal or origin of a unit cell Orbitals describe the behavior of electrons in an Geometric features that express symmetry of an Atomic orbitals (subshells) Symmetry Elements Screw axes Glide planes atom Each can hold one or two electrons but no more ordered arrangement: Electrons Outermost electrons participate in bonding (s, p, d, f) Mirror planes Center of symmetry Rotoinversion 1) Defined radius of maximum radial charge Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.byFranz) density of outermost shells of the atom Atomic Radii In both CCP Franz) and HCP --> void spaces exist Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. 2) Minerals are composed of numerous elements 2) Effective radius depends on type and number of with various ionic or atomic sizes neighboring atoms and or ions and on charge of ions 3) Coulomb's Law = k q q / d^2 3) Most bonding in minerals is ionic PAULING'S RULES 4) Mineral structures considered arrangements of tightly packed spheres 5) Anions form closest packed array and cations fill void spaces Charged particles with excess or deficient number Ion Atom - electron Atom + proton 6) Summarized the principles of building stable of electrons Charge of an ion is valence or oxidation state crystal structures component of cation (+) 1) Coordination Principle component of anion (-) 2) Electrostatic Valency Principle pauling's rules 3) Sharing of Polyhedral Elements 1 4) Sharing of Polyhedral Elements 2 5) Principle of Parsimony Electronegativity Van der Waals forces Measure of the ability of an atom in a crystal structure or molecule to gain or lose electrons forces that Results from residual charges 1) Graphite = covalently bonded sheets of C loosely Multiple Bonding in Minerals what principle? Number of essentially different kinds of constituents Principle of Parsimony tends to be small because there are only a few types of cations and anion sites bound by van der Waals bonds Structures with complex compositions --> number of 2) Mica - strongly bonded silica sheets (mixed (site) different ions can occuy the same structural position covalent and ionic) bound by weak ionic and hydrogen bonds Polymorphism Two minerals have the same chemical formula but different structures 3) Calcite = cleavage planes commonly correlate to planes of weak ionic bonding versus strong 1) Isolated Tetrahedron covalent bonds in CO3- 2) Double Tetrahedra Silicate Structures CCP (Cubic Closest Packing) 3) Tetrahedral ring Third layer is placed in unoccupied void spaces 4) Infinite, single chained tetrahedra chain resulting in ABCABC sequence --> resulting 5) Infinite, double chained tetrahedral chain arrangement is CCP layer of sedimentary and unconsolidated material; HCP is obtained when third layer is placed directly HCP (Hexagonal Closest over first layer ; ABAB sequence can be extended Packing) and results in crystals or molecules with hexagonal symmetry Upper crust igneous and metamorphic basement Average composition of crust - basalt and granite Most abundant minerals Quartz, Feldspars Range of composition Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) in a mineral in which specific sites are occupied by two or more different solid solution Specimen up of oolites -- small, round, or Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.made Franz) Oolitic ovate accretionary bodies chemical elements or ions in variable proportions Elements or ions that substitute for each other are given in brackets in mineral formulae Sulfates - Uranopilite Most complex chain structure found in a uranyl mineral a compound element of oxygen with another Pisolitic Adamantine Vitreous element or group Oxide Chemical compound that contains at least one resinous oxygen atom and one other element Pea-sized grains Texture is nearly oolitic, but with larger grains Diamond-like luster luster that appears as polished piece of glass luster when it Looks like it would be sticky if you touched it High symmetry from packing of oxygen atoms Pearly Looks like a pearl Greasy Appears to be covered by thin layer of oil Crystal comes out of melt and is continually reacting with the melt and changing the composition of the melt Equilibrium Crystallization Starting composition of the melt is equivalent to the ending crystal to come out of the melt' This is how you achieve zonation within a crystal of sorts; change in compositional features from the Silky Earthy/Dull ... Appears dull like dirt or soil center to the edge of the crystal/grain (thin section) results from closest packed parallel fibers or inclusions Crystal does not react with the melt and is not in contact; Fractional Crystallization Chatoyancy and Asterism Ending composition of the crystal is equivalent to directions at 120 degrees to each other and anorthite texture that lacks crystal faces; fine-grained minerals Phenomenon that results from material absorbing a Luminescence size; applies to minerals ~2-10 mm; coarse or fine Described in 3 ways grained Cleavage Compact form of energy and reemitting that energy as a form of visible light texture where minerals are of Approximately equal Granular chatoyancy Asterism = fibers and inclusions are arranged in 3 the end member ordinarily as in the case with albite Massive Light is orthogonal to the length of fibers = Fine-grained so much so that individual grains can 1) Quality of cleavage 2) Number of directions 3) Angles between cleavage planes be seen Rock cavity-lined mineral matter but not completely Geode filled; May be banded and generally contain euhedral crystals projecting it to an open space Perfect - breaks easily and resulting surface is flat Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) and reflects light Good - cleavage surfaces are less continuous and Quality of cleavage may have some irregularities Important minerals Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.oreFranz) Most are opaque and possess characteristic streaks Sulfides Nonopaque sulfides have distinctive color General formula: XmZn Poor - Cleavage surfaces are difficult to discern and X = metallic elements are not well developed Z = nonmetallic elements Fair - somewhere in between good and poor Absent - no cleavage One plane of cleavage Cleavage directions and angles Unoxidized sulfur minerals that are structurally Sulfosalts 2 planes of cleavage distinct from sulfides occur as minor minerals in hydrothermal veins and are associated with sulfides 3 planes of cleavage X2O3 Hematite group Similar to cleavage but possesses discontinuities and are not as smooth as cleavage planes Parting Hexagonal closest packing cations in octahderal Simple oxides coordination between O weakness is not necessarily associated with weaker Ilmenite possesses lower symmetry than corundum bonding or hematite Not shown by all samples of mineral species Hydroxides OH- or H2O; weaker bonding than oxides Occurs when bond strengths are approximately equal in all directions fracture Breaking does not follow specific pattern Hydroxides: Goethite group Common types: conchoidal, fibrous/splintery, BO3 3- hackly, uneven/irregular Capable of polymerizing chains, sheets, isolated multiple groups Produces smooth curved ridges that resemble Conchoidal interior of shell goethite, bauxite, gibbsite, bohemite Borates Commonly observed in quartz B is tiny, coordinates 3 oxygen in triangular group and one O is shared CAlculate CN from RR, upper stability limit for CN = 3 Fibrous/Splintery Hackly habit of: Chrysotile, rutile, tremolite, cummingtonite CN = 4 (tetrahedral coordination) Type of fracture that results in jagged and sharp tetrahedra are not linked with one anotehr edges Bound only with ionic bonds from interstitial cations Structures controlled by charge and packing of Uneven/Irregular crystal habits of Sodalite, Magnetite, Arsenopyrite interstitial cations Nesosilicates Bond strengths almost equal in all directions Expresses ratio of densities of a substance Specific gravity Si octahedral site 1 compared with an equal volume of water at 4 Octahedral site 2 degrees C Olivine minerals - forsterite, fayalite, garnet G = ro / ro water Isolated double tetrahedral groups Diamagnetic=no attraction to magnetic field Magnetism Paramagnetic=drawn to a magnetic field if present Ferromagnetic=magnetically attractive Dense structures --> high specific gravity Sorosilicates One shared oxygen Results in Si:O = 2:7 Most minerals in this group are rare Rings of SiO4Franz) linked tetrahedra Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Si:O = 1:3 Cyclosilicates Three possible configurations Seven possible crystal structures Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Crystallizes as superlattice Tridymite Found in felsic volcanic rocks Si3O9 - very rare (one mineral) Discovered on Mars --> mineral super rare on Earth Si4O12 - rare Si6O18 - common Occur as small spherica aggregates in volcanic Two of four O in each tetrahedron are shared Si:O = 1:3 Cristobalite Single chain --> fire strangers SI2O6 4- Framework aluminosilicates Major mantle materials Variable hydration --> large void spaces in besides feldspar --> large components of basalts frameworks --> weakly bond and gabbros Zeolites Inosilicates - double chain Often a product of devitrification of volcanic glass; abundant Pyroxenes -> anhydrous, XYZ2O6 Inosilicates rocks and glasses Stable when dehydrated Uniform channels Amphiboles Can absorb gas/vapors Decreased thermal stability compared to pyroxenes Catalytic properties W0-1X2Y5Z8O22 (OH,F)2 Alteration products of Si-rich tuffs Important minerals in blueschist metamorphic facies --> low temperature high pressure metamorphism 1) Most abundant minerals in Earth's crust along ancient subduction zones 2) Found in all igneous rocks, most metamorphic rocks, and in sedimentary rocks and sediments (everywhere) Generally display flaky or platy habit One prominent cleavage Phyllosilicates feldspars 3) X-ray and optical techniques are especially useful relatively soft, low specific gravity for determining composition of variety of feldspar In sheets, 3 or 4 oxygen are shared with 4) Usually used industrially for aggregates, neighboring tetrahedra glassmaking, ceramics, and filler in paints, plastics, Si:o = 2:5 rubber Many are hydroxyl bearing (OH at center of rings) Occurs in alkali feldspar solid solution and liquid alkali feldspar solid solution 1) Serpentine group Phyllosilicates Types Clay group 2) clay mineral group Exsolution Yields perthitic texture 3) Mica group Cooling of high-temperature feldspars may result in 4) Chlorite group phase transition to lower symmetry Minerals including kaolinite, talc, and pyrophyllite Fractional crystallization Can lead to zonation in plagioclase Layered tetrahedral and octahedral sheets loss of an electron; three general types of beta decay: either increase or make up ~64% of earth's crust 3D framework of silicate tetrahedra Tectosilicates All O are bridging --> stable strongly bonded beta decay beta decay = most common type is when a neutron structures becomes a proton Can be SiO2 only --> electroneutral More penetrating than alpha decay X-rays and gamma rays are indistinguishable Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Electromagnetic radiation (no change in atomic A substance in which one substance of insoluble Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) particles that stay suspended throughout another number) gamma decay decrease atomic number substance Release of a photon Created by nuclear instability Rays used back in time and energy Impacts mobility of radionuclides bc radionuclides Colloid are bigger than atoms but too small to settle out of solutions so through colloids --> different elements reduction of energy of whole nucleus; no change in are able to travel long distances underground atomic mass/weight Valuable for transport of insoluble materials (plutonium) Intrinsic and mineral Time it takes for parent to decay to 50% of the original concentration Half-life generally --> by 10 half lives, material is completely Sedimentary masses or nodules that have formed gone inside another host unit usually through evaporative No-->particularly high discharge --> runs out grout processes pipe to storage treatment pipe in South Radioactive decay equation Concretion Masses of mineral matter formed when minerals in water are deposited about a nucleus such as a shell N = No (e^-(lambdat)) or leaf or other particle N = quantity of parent isotope different from the surrounding rock Flat/subspherical/oblate mass whose composition is No = initial concentration Lambda = decay constant Diagram describing the stable states of an element as pH and reduction potential vary radioactive Radionuclide Irradiation An isotope of an element that has an unstable nucleus that can undergo a nuclear reaction Shows predominate form of element under given Pourbaix Diagram set of environmental conditions Thermodynamically favored species Maps out possible stable phases of aqueous Specific isotope of element that is radioactive electrochemical system Does not make material radiactive; with exception 1) X-ray which reflects from surface of substance has of some activation products traveled less distance than an X-ray which reflects from plane of atoms Nuclear Magnetic resonance Spectroscopy resonance frequency of particular substance is directly proportional to strength of applied magnetic field 2) Penetrating X-ray travels down to internal layer, XRD Parts/Process reflects, and travels back same distance before being back at surface 3) Distance traveled depends on separation of layers and angle at which X-ray entered material A compound of oxygen and another group or 4) n is an integer when reflected waves from another element Oxide different layers are in phase with each other Chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element; have high symmetry from packing of oxygen anions Non-destructive analytical technique used to determine chemical composition of minerals by Oxygen and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded along with other elements Hydroxide Very common minerals Many produced by weathering and hydration of other minerals X-ray fluorescence measuring the fluorescent (or secondary) X-ray emitted from sample when excited by primary X-ray source non-destructive analytical tool used to determine Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) the chemical/elemental composition of a mineral in small spot sizes (1-2 microns) using wavelengthdispersive spectroscopy Around uranium = cubic Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Describe the coordination environments about U and O in uraninite Around oxygen = tetrahedral Tetrahedral about O2-; cubic about U4+ Has fluorite; cubic structure Sample bombarded with electron beam --> electron ejected off --> electron from higher energy 1) Principal ore for uranium shell comes down to replace ejected electron, Primary mineral used to produce nuclear fuel; main which releases energy as an X-ray Electron Microprobe source for nuclear fuel; natural analogue for UO2 in Quantized X-ray is indicative of elemental composition Why is uraninite an important Backscattered electron mapping/imaging mineral? 4) Only corrodes in highly oxidized aqueous Crystal lattice preferred orientations conditions 5) U 4+ not soluble; U 6+ is very soluble Sample bombarded with an electron beam, emitting being analyzed Orthorhombic crystal system; high pressure, low temperature polymorph; precipitates from hot Aragonite carbonated waters Ca coordinated by 9 oxygens > 1 A ionic radii octahedral coordination of oxygens around Fe Hematite 6 O around Fe; Fe is trivalent, so only 2 out of 3 octahedra are filled 2) Contains rare earth elements (e.g. technetium) 3) Structurally identical to main kind of nuclear fuel Create 2D element maps X-rays at wavelengths characteristic to elements spent nuclear fuel Why is cinnabar a dangerous contains mercury --> toxic mineral? 1) Smell The metallic luster of many sulfide minerals may 2) Streak make it difficult to distinguish between minerals . 3) Specific gravity What other diagnostic features can be used to Streak --> especially important identify sulfide minerals? because a lot of them look similar but streak will aid in telling them apart --> mechanical properties like cleavage, parting, and fracture also? crystal form, crystal habit Ilmenite Rutile Cassiterite Both Fe and Ti remain octahedrally coordinated Acid test while O is coordinated by 4 cations (tetrahedral i.e. Taste test 2 Fe and 2 Ti) Hardness? Tetragonal coordination of oxygen around Ti Only occur in close proximity If you found melanterite, rozenite, and szomolnokite to pyrite --> you only have Fe2+ in close proximity to pyrite, what information could YOU WOULD KNOW RAPIDLY you gain? Tetragonal coordination of oxygen around Sn Same structure as rutile --> here is alternative view 6 oxygens (anions) surround the Fe in hematite (Fe2O3), Ilmenite (FeTiO3), and rutile (TiO2) --> all in Hematite, ilmenite, rutile, octahedral coordination about the metal cations; cassiterite ilmenite minerals are isostructural with corundum (Al2O3); Cassiterite --> part of rutile group, so FLOWING WATERS ARE NEARBY -see rapidly flowing waters (other secondary minerals (Copiapite etc.) mean that there has been a lot of time for things to just sit octahedral coordination for this as well Evaporation and weathering What are some mechanisms that lead to sulfate Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) mineralization? Diamond (balas, bort, & Balas is a variation of what mineral? Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) carbonado are also variations) Hydrothermal --> hot water flowing through the rock The cullinan (3106 carats) Red What is the name of the largest gem-grade diamond? what is the streak of copper? The golden jubilee What is the largest faceted diamond called? This specific mineral is associated with cuprite, Copper malachite, azurite, silver, chalcocite, bornite and True or false: other minerals. true 2.5-3 What is the hardness of silver? 19.3 What is the Density of gold? True · True or false: Gold occurs in pegmatites. abrasives. Resinous to greasy No streak Mercury This mineral occurs with krennerite, calaverite, Sulfur · This mineral is liquid at temperatures above -39oC chocolate brown True or false: True What rare mineral has the composition Ag2Hg3? Intensive oxidation and reduction reactions of pyrite can produce this mineral. Baumhaurite, dufrenoysite, sartorite, & rathite has the streak of what color? Among the primary crystal systems, What crystal calomel occurs with cinnabar and mercury. Moschellandsbergite Celestite, halite, anyhydrite, and aragonite are associated with sulfur. sylvanite, quartz, arsenopyrite, pyrite. What is the streak of mercury? What is the luster of sulfur? · True or false: True Gold aside from jewelry, diamonds can be used as system has the fewest substances assigned to it? hexagonal system clue: it includes: arsenic, calcite, dolomite, quartz, apatite, tourmaline, emerald, ruby, cinnabar, and This rare mineral has no cleavage and occurs in Platinum graphite. magmatic segregations, together with chromite, olivine, and magnetite in ultra basic rocks and It is a mineralogical classification scheme that secondary in placer deposits. True or false: True Common megascopically and miscroscopically. This Classification classification can also be used in solid-solution minerals like olivine, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase. the morphology of the mineral platinum are as follows: cubic crystals, nuggets, grains, and scales. Gray observes minerals by percentage composition Modal Mineralogical What is the streak of antimony? Is graphite abundant or common? * TheGeol. order ofFranz) sedimentary facies when moving from Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by a beach towards deep water is: A green and Franz) red metamorphic rock that contains Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Eclogite clinopyroxene and garnet (omphacite + pyrope). The protolith is typically basaltic. sand facies - mud facies - carbonate facies sand facies - mud facies carbonate facies A type of texture that develops by hydration of sand facies - carbonate facies - mud facies obsidian on fracture surfaces that are exposed to moisture in the atmosphere or to meteoric water. As carbonate facies - mud facies - sand facies carbonate facies - sand facies - mud facies the outer rind hydrates, it expands and separates Peritictic Texture along a crack from the non-hydrated substrate. The inward repetition of this process creates a sequence of concentric cracks that reflect light, creating the Amazonite Green microcline is called? characteristics pearl gray color under a microscope, this is called In Folk's classification of carbonate rocks, intraclasts intrasparite shoshonite with interstices largely filled with diagenetic cement A foliation develops in a metamorphic rock is called ___________. because: What is the IUGS recommended term for K-rich platy minerals always align with each other during any type of metamorphism basalts? * differential stress causes Proustite Which of the minerals is not orthorhombic minerals to align parallel to each other phosphorites high temperatures during metamorphism always cause minerals to recrystallize with a foliation Living creatures can be involved in the production the original rock that got metamorphosed must of sedimentary rocks by two different processes: have had a foliation in it biochemical and biogenic. Which of the following can form ONLY through a biochemical process? * differential stress causes minerals to align parallel to each other flint Black synonym of chert caused by finely disseminated hematite Which of the following terms or products are NOT associated with the evaporation of seawater? Which crystallographic simple symmetry operation translation involves the periodic repetition of nodes or motifs apatite gypsum apatite Which of these do not contain major K2O concentrations? Oligoclase Sanidine evaporates calcite by systematic linear displacement? ultrabasic A rock with 44% silica is considered as what type of rock? * Oligoclase Microcline Orthoclase amygdules Vesicles that are completely or partially filled by secondary minerals On Geol. a map ofFranz) metamorphic rock distributions, the Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by isograds lines on the map that separate regions having variolitic Troctolite ________ is a texture in basalts in which plagioclase needles grow radially from a common center. These are gabbroic rocks mainly composed of plagioclase and olivine. Which of these are regarded as 7-angstrom clay Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) minerals? different index minerals are called: kandites uraninite smectites zeolites The amount of refraction should _____ as wavelength Increase, increase ________, to cause the separation of wavelength into In general, crystals may form from a solution by the separate colors The Hematite Group is defined as oxide minerals having a X2O3 chemical composition wherein X following except: Increase in pressure Decrease in pressure elements does not belong to this group? Evaporation of the solvent Chromite Chromite It is a play of color in which a mineral changes color Ilmenite iridescence Hematite essexite sedimentary rocks is TRUE? Which of the following will have no effect on the sedimentary rocks are the type of rock we see most process of metamorphism? * the addition of water to the rocks being impact on metamorphism metamorphosed often at the Earth's surface all of the choices sedimentary rocks only make up about 5% of the crust all of the choices all of the above will have an impact on metamorphism Separation of metamorphic rocks into light and dark layers diagenesis during burial turns loose sediment into sedimentary rock the length of time of metamorphism gneissicity light from zones of contrasting composition within Which of the following statements about monzo-gabbro/diorite? * all of the above will have an when rotated. This is a result of the scattering of the mineral. What is the IUGS recommended term for nepheline the type of rock that got metamorphosed Increase in pressure Lowering of the temperature represents a metal element. Which of these Corundum illite kandites This mineral is commonly known as pitchblende. Igneous rock textures involving albitic plagioclase overgrowths on orthoclase, occur in some granites Rapakivi where the plagioclase preferentially forms on the structurally similar alkali feldspar, rather than nucleating on their own. saussuritization Crocidolite _____________ refers to the alteration of plagioclase into epidote minerals. * Also known as blue asbestos. calcium feldspar A high-temperature framework silicate: Which of theFranz) following metamorphic rocks does not Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. belong in the same list as the others? quartzite aragonite quartzite TheGeol. following are tests for sulphur in sulphides, Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Franz) except: Closed tube test Charcoal test phyllite Fusion with sodium carbonate greenschist Closed tube test gneiss Open tube test Which mineral turns to a black color when soaked in Feigl solution? Presence of this mineral in sedimentary rocks Glauconite indicates slow precipitation in agitated, oxidizing marine environments. Which of these are not polymorph transformation processes? Of the four general types of phyllosilicates, only certain 2:1 (T-O-T) minerals expand. Which of these none of the above reconstructive minerals has a T-O-T structure and is non- order-disorder displacive expanding? Chlorite none of the above Kaolinite Chlorite Montmorillonite These are imaginary lines or directions within a Crystallographic axes Illite crystal to which the crystal faces are referred and in terms of which they are described: Crystal faces develop along planes defined by the points in the lattice. In other words, all crystal faces There are phaneritic rocks with more than 10% QAP Anorthosite or with 10% FAP weights. Rocks plotting close to P Bravais Law with 90% plagioclase percent by composition are Arrange the plagioclase by decreasing order of Ca content. anorthite, labradorite,andesine, oligoclase points. Such statement is stated by what law? IUGS recommended term for orthopyroxene dominated gabbro tufa albite - andesine, labradorite, anorthite, oligoclase This is a form of calcium carbonate that commonly occurs as a coating on plants and plant debris. This mineral is commonly known as moonstone. A property described as the amount of light - anorthite, labradorite,andesine, oligoclase - labradorite, anorthite, oligoclase, andesine points. A face is more commonly developed in a crystal if it intersects a larger number of lattice called __________. norite must intersect atoms or molecules that make up the transmitted or absorbed by a solid. It is used strictly diaphaniety - anorthite, labradorite, oligoclase, andesine for hand specimens because most minerals that are opaque as hand specimen becomes transparent when very thin. -1 to -2 Phi size of granule Which of theFranz) following chemical formula is a Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. cyclosilicate? Ca2MgSi2O7 margarite Ca2MgSi2O7 Amphibolite perfect cleavage on {100} at 56° and 124°? tremolite spodumene Be3Al2Si6O18 augite Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 tremolite What mineral is represented by the chemical The following are considered as antistress minerals, formula KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2? except: * Staurolite Staurolite perpendicular. They are also the position of extinction Augite This metamorphic rock may be foliated or not and Which technique is best to identify and distinguish the different types of clay? * dominated by hornblende + plagioclase. The X-ray Diffraction analysis X-ray Diffraction analysis graphic textures? Scanning Electron Microscopy Amphibole and pyrite Which mineral does not belong to the group? * Orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene Plagioclase feldspar and alkali feldspar Quartz and alkali feldspar 46.54 55.85; S = 32.07) a mud-supported framework and >10% grains is classified as _______. Water bubble inclusions What causes the white color of milky quartz? Boehmite Gibbsite Diaspore Goethite (Fe,Mg)3(Fe3)AlSi3O10(OH)8. In Dunham's classification of limestones, a rock with wackestone Goethite Chlorite group with a chemical formula How much weight percent Fe is in pyrite? (a.n. Fe = X-ray Fluorescence analysis Petrographic analysis Which mineral intergrowths can possibly form Clinochlore Cordierite Olivine arms of the cross where vibration directions are protolith is either a mafic igneous rock or graywacke Quartz and alkali feldspar aegirine Mg2SiO4 In uniaxial conoscopic mineralogy, these are the two isogyre Which of theFranz) following silicate minerals exhibits a Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. ε ω Epsilon ( ) and Omega ( ) are the main indices of epsilon prime refraction in uniaxial crystals. What do you call the intermediate values? Mg2SiO4 chemical formula of forsterite Fe2SiO4 chemical formula of fayalite ZrSiO4 chemical formula of Zircon CaTiSiO4 chemical formula of Sphene Mg3Al2Si3O12 chemical formula of Pyrope chem formula of almandine Day 2 Fe3Al2Si3O12 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) Ca3Al2Si3O12 chem formula of grossularite CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2 . H2OExams (by chemical formula of Lawsonite Day 2 Geol Board Geol. Franz) Ca2Fe+3Al2Si3O12(OH) Al2SiO5 chem formula of sillimanite Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) Al2SiO5 chem formula of Andalusite Be3Al2Si6O18 Al2SiO5 chem formula of Kyanite (Fe,Mg)2Al9Si4O22(OH)2 Al2SiO4(OH)2 KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 chemical formula of Epidote chemical formula - clinozoisite chemical formula of beryl Al4(Mg,Fe)2Si5O18 chemical formula of cordierite chem formula of staurolite MgSiO3 chemical formula of enstatite chem formula of topaz FeSiO3 chemical formula of ferrosilite chemical formula of muscovite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 chemical formula of hypersthene chemical formula of biotite CaMgSi2O6 Chemical formula of Diopside chemical formula of talc CaFeSi2O6 Chemical formula of Hedenbergite chemical formula of chlorite NaFe+3Si2O6 chemical formula of acmite NaAlSi2O6 chemical formula of jadeite Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 chemical formula of serpentine Al2Si2O5(OH)4 kaolinite formula CaSiO3 CaAl2Si2O8 anorthite formula Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 chemical formula of Tremolite NaAlSi3O8 albite formula Ca2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2 chemical formula of Actinolite KAlSi3O8 chemical formula of sanidine (Na,K)0-1Ca2(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6- Chemical formula of Wollastonite chemical formula of hornblende 7Al2-1O22(OH,F)2 KAlSi3O8 SiO2 chemical formula of Orthoclase NaAlSiO4 chemical formula - nepheline KAlSiO4 chemical formula of Kalsilite KAlSi2O6 chemical formula of leucite FeTiO3 chemical formula of Ilmenite Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) TiO2 MgO chemical formula of periclase Al2O3 chemical formula - corundum Fe2O3 chemical formula - hematite Fe3O4 chemical formula: Magnetite chemical formula for quartz, tridymite, cristobalite chemical formula - apatite DayCa5(PO4) 2 Geol3(OH,F,CL) Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) chemical formula Rutile CaF2 chemical formula of fluorite MgAl2O4 chemical formula of spinel NaCl chemical formula of sodium chloride Mg(OH)2 chemical formula of brucite sylvite chemical formula of sylvite Al(OH)3 chemical formula of gibbsite Which of the following geologic formations refer to sedimentary rock masses that are bended or folded FeO(OH) FeS2 downwards? chemical formula of goethite chemical formula for pyrite syncline A. intrusion B. syncline C. graben CuFeS2 chemical formula of chalcopyrite D. anticline E. extrusion ZnS chemical formula of Sphalerite PbS chemical formula for galena HgS chemical formula of Cinnabar CuS chemical formula of covellite Cu5FeS4 chemical formula for Bornite Which of the following minerals does not belong to the group? luzonite A. malachite B. bornite C. luzonite D. enargite E. chalcopyrite Which of the following physical properties of rocks MoS2 where they break along approximately parallel chemical formula for molybdenite surfaces? CaSO4 chemical formula for anhydrite BaSO4 chemical formula of barite foliation A. cleavage B. foliation C. schistosity D. gneissic CaSO4 . 2H2O CaCO3 chemical formula of Gypsum E. streak chemical formula of calcite Which of the following is an economic mineral for iron? A. hematite FeCO3 chemical formula of Siderite MgCO3 chemical formula of Magnesite CaMg(CO3) 2 chemical formula of dolomite all of these B. pyrite C. all of these D. magnetite Which of theFranz) following is an economic mineral for Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. silica? A. dacite quartz A low-magnesium limestone containing clay. Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) B. gabbro C. quartz cement rock a. Lime D. limestone b. Portland cement E. calcite c. cement rock d. Phosphate rock What is the major cause of large earthquakes? It is a large and well-shaped crystal. A. Heavy participation Tectonic Phenocryst B. Tectonic a. Geode b. Phenocryst c. Quartz d. Pegmatite C. Avalanche D Explosion E. Rock fall The intermediate equivalent of basalt and gabbro. Diabase a. Dacite b. Serpentinite c. Dunite d. Diabase Fragments in sedimentary rocks that originally Clasts formed part of the parent rocks. This group of minerals is well known for its uncommon cleavage, which allows it to split into a. Detritals b. Clasts c. Fragments d. Inclusion A rock that forms from fossilized remains of plants thin sheets. mica and animals. a. talc b. asbestos c. mica fossilized rock a. Petrified wood d. optical crystals b. fossilized rock c. Chemical sedimentary rock These minerals possess properties of Base d. metamorphic rock Exchange and selective absorption that makes them highly efficient purifiers. An example of these is the Infilling of Vesicles is called: Amygdaloidal a. Veinlet b. Inquartz filling c. Amygdaloidal d. Karts fuller's earth. What are these minerals? mineral filters a. mineral fillers Rock riddled with air bubbles is termed; b. mineral filters a. Spongy b. Porous c. Vesicular d. Pumiceous d. bentonites It means fragmentary and fractured appearance of The three dimensional regularly repeating set of c. bleaching clays Vesicular points that represent the transitional periodicity of constituents. crustal structure is Clastic crystal lattice a. Brecciaed b. Clastic c. Mosaic d. Jagged a. crystal structure b. crystal lattice c. crystal system d. crystal habit Which of theFranz) following rocks is geologically unlike Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. the other rocks? Coarse-grained igneous rocks consisting essentially Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) of quartz (20-40%), alkali feldspar and very common mica (biotite or muscovite), accessory mineral may marl a. granite b. basalt c. andesite be present including apatite zircon and magnesite. quartz diorite d. marl a. rhyolite b. gabbro c. quartz diorite It is an amorphous mineral that occurs in compact, d. granite smooth, rounded masses or in soft earthy masses. No cleavage, it has a hardness of 5.5; sp. Gr. 3.5 to 4.0; rusty or blackish color; and earthy luster gives a Limonite Chief ore of lead. yellow brown streak. a. Sedirite Galena a. Galena b. Stibnite b. Limonite c. Bornite c. Kaolinite d. Argentite d. Biotite . Alumino-silicate minerals or either Potassium, It has dogtooth flat hexagonal crystals with sodium and calcium well formed monoclinic or excellent cleavage, hardness of 3; sp. gr. 2.72; triclinic crystals with good cleavage. It has a colorless or white. Impurities show colors of yellow, orange, brown and green, transparent to opaque Calcite hardness of 6 to 6.5 sp. gr. of 2.5 to 2.7. Feldspar with vitreous or mill luster and major constituents of a. Micas limestone and reacts strongly in dilute hydrochloric b. Oviline acid. c. Feldspar d. Pyroxenes a. Gypsum b. Calcite A course grained plutonic rock consisting of more c. Mica than 90% plagioclase feldspar, remainder made up d. Quartz Common in acid igneous, metamorphic and clastic of gabbroic mineral. Anorthite a. Diorite rocks, veins, and geodes. It has a hardness of 7 b. Gabbro width specific gravity of 2.65, commonly colorless c. Basalt or white, vitreous to greasy luster; transparent to d. Anorthite opaque and the most common of all minerals. Quartz An ultra-basic mono-mineral rock consisting of a. Galena b. Feldspar c. Quartz d. Gypsum more or less pure olivine. Dunite a. Perodotite b. Dunite c. Monzonite d. Andesite A coarse-grained acid rock consisting of quartz (20Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) 40%), alkali feldspar and various Ferromagnesian naturally-occurring solid material consisting of one Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) or more minerals. minerals, dominantly hornblende and biotite: apatite, magnetite, are the most common accessory Granodiorite minerals. rock a. atom b. igneous rock c. rock a. Diorite d. ion b. Andesite e. mineral c. Granodiorite d. Dacite States that the physical and chemical processes that have acted throughout geologic time are the same One fold axis of symmetry and having the three processes that are observable today. axes whose lengths and angles of intersection are different. triclinic system uniformitarianism a. plate tectonics b. uniformitarianism a. Orthorhombic system c. buoyancy b. triclinic system d. Darwinianism c. monoclinic system e. volcanology d. tetragonal system Theory that the earth's surface is made up of malleable The resistance of a mineral that can be hammered separate, rigid plates moving and floating over into thin sheets. another, less rigid layer of rock. a. sectile b. malleable c. ductile d. brittle plate tectonics a. equal density b. continental drift c. plate tectonics Minerals that obtain iron and are attracted to hand d. Pangeanism magnet. paramagnetic b. ferromagnetic Rocks that were changed by any combination of c. paramagnetic heat, pressure and/or chemical fluids during d. none of the above metamorphism process. Three unequal and mutually perpendicular axes. Orthorhombic system e. subduction a. diamagnetic metamorphic a. volcanic b. plutonic c. metamorphic a. Orthorhombic system d. foliation b. Hexagonal system e. schistose c. isometric system d. Tetragonal system Resulting parallel, linear alignment of mineral foliation crystals perpendicular or compressional forces. a. layering b. foliation c. bedding d. strata Rolled or billowed surfaces on the underside of Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) such clastic sedimentary rocks as sandstone and Coarse > 2mm with large grains, angular fragments Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) sedimentary rock. siltstone. load casts a. stylolites breccia a. coarse rock b. sandstone b. angular fragments c. breccia c. load casts d. conglomerate d. creep e. granule e. marks Low temperature and high pressure metamorphic An inclusion of pre-existing rock in an igneous rock. facies. Occurs only in areas of abnormally low geothermal gradients. P >4 kb and T 200-450 a. inclusion xenolith degrees C. Name from the blue mineral b. mineral grain c. xenolith glaucophane. blueschist d. pluton a. marble e. sill b. blueschist c. greenschist diorite amorphous d. red schist what is the coarse-grained equivalent of the igneous rock andesite? e. none of the above Commonly clay size or colloidal size crystalline Low temperature and pressure facies of regional texture of sedimentary rocks. metamorphism. P 3-8 kb and T 300-500 degrees C. a. pisolitic epidote and actinolite. b. oolitic Characterized by the green minerals chlorite, greenschist c. amorphous a. marble b. blueschist d. none of the above c. greenschist e. rounded d. red schist e. none of the above Coarse > 2mm with large grains, rounded fragments sedimentary rock. Zone characterized by a certain mineral or assemblage of minerals which differ from those conglomerate originally present in the protolith (starting material). a. coarse rock Index Mineral - The mineral that characterizes each b. sandstone c. breccia d. conglomerate e. granule contact metamorphic zone. metamorphic aureole a. meta-zone b. metamorphic aureole c. metamorphic sole d. hot zone e. none of the above _________ - majority of crystal grains are of a uniform Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) size and large enough to be identifiable without a the Geol. rock contains broken, angular fragments of Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Franz) rocky materials produced during an explosive microscope. This occurs when magma cools slowly phaneritic a. ultramafic volcanic eruption fragmental a. porphyry b. conchoidal b. mafic c. phaneritic c. phaneritic d. coarse-grained d. glassy e. aphanitic e. fine-grained f.fragmental __________ - very small crystals, which are generally not a mixture of both light colored and dark-colored identifiable without strong magnification, develop minerals. Dark minerals comprise about 15% to 45% when molten material cools quickly, or very near the of these rocks earth's surface aphanitic intermediate a. felsic a. aphanitic b. ultramafic b. phaneritic c. intermediate c. porhyritic d. mafic d. none of the above e. none of the above __________ - two very contrasting size of crystals are composed almost entirely of the dark-colored caused by magma having different rates of cooling. minerals pyroxene and olivine, these rocks are The larger crystals are termed phenocrysts; and the rarely observed on Earth's surface smaller surrounding crystals are termed groundmass (or matrix) ultramafic porphyritic a. felsic b. ultramafic a. phaneritic c. intermediate b. coarse-grained d. mafic c. aphanitic e. none of the above d. porphyritic e. conchoidal composed mainly of the light colored mineral quartz and potassium feldspars. Dark colored _________- no mineral crystals develop because of minerals account for less than 15% of the minerals in rapid cooling glassy a. crystal rocks found in this group felsic a. darkest b. detrital b. light color c. glassy c. mafic d. quartzy d. felsic e. none of the above e. none of the above dark-colored minerals such as pyroxene and olivine Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) account for over 45% of the composition of these What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) following description? rocks _______ - spheres with radiating internal structure mafic a. darkest b. light color spherulitic a. spherulitic c. mafic b. brecciatic d. felsic c. amorphous e. none of the above d. pisolitic e. none of the above What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the following description? following description? amorphous _____________ - commonly clay size or colloidal size _______________ - fine, equigranular. crystalline saccharoidal What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the a. oolitic b. amorphous following description? c. spherulitic d. pisolitic small spheres or ellipsoidal fish-roe like aggregates, e. saccharoidal about 0.25-2.0mm diameter oolitic a. oolitic What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the b. brecciatic following description? c. pisolitic _______ - larger crystals embedded in a fine-grained d. blastic groundmass or matrix e. spherulitic porphyroblast a. porphyroblast What is the texture of sedimentary rocks with the b. brecciatic following description? c. meta-rock d. blastic ____________ - similar ot oolitic but greater than 2.0mm e. spherulitic diameter pisolitic a. oolitic The texture of metamorphic rocks are subdivided b. brecciatic into two. What are these? c. amorphous d. pisolitic e. none of the above foliated ______ - mineral crystals are either elongated or have sheet structure and are arranged in a parallel or layered manner Describes manner in which light is reflected Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.theFranz) from the surface of a mineral. Simultaneous development of positive and negative Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) charges of electricity at opposite ends of a crystal axis luster A. metallic pyroelectric A. pyroelectric B. shiny B. piezoelectric C. luster C. electric current D. reflection D. plugging Manner in which the mineral or substance resists Minerals that become luminous during exposure to breaking, crushing, bending, or tearing, in short, its ultraviolet light, x-rays or cathode rays. cohesiveness. tenacity fluorescence A. fluorescence A. hardness B. phosphorescence B. tenacity C. thermoluminescence C. streak D. metallic D. all of the above In reflected light, a silky appearance which results Some crystals especially those in the hexagonal from the presence of many inclusions arranged system, when viewed in the direction of the vertical parallel to a crystallographic direction. axis, show starlike rays. asterism chatoyancy A. milky A. asterism B. brilliancy B. chatoyancy C. glassy C. pleochroism D. chatoyancy D. sharp edged . When on turning the mineral, several spectral colors are seen in succession. If an electric charge is developed on the surface of a crystal by exerting pressure on both ends of a crystal axis. piezoelectric play of colors A. play of colors B. play of crystals A. pyroelectric C. play of light B. electric current D. brilliant C. piezoelectric D. plugging Minerals becoming luminous on being crushed, scratched or rubbed. Emitting visible light when heated to a low temperature below that of red heat. triboluminescence A. triboluminescence B. thermoluminescence thermoluminescence A. photosynthesis C. fluorescence B. phosphorescence D. phosphorescence C. thermoluminescence D. ultraviolet light TheGeol. hardnessFranz) of a mineral that can be scratched by Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by glass. 5.5 or less most common important ore minerals of manganese Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) is pyrolusite a. pyrolusite A. greater than 7.0 b. Rhodochiosite B. 6.5 or greater c. psilomelane C. between 7.5 & 8 d. millerite D. 5.5 or less Gossans are weathering derivatives of what minerals Number which represents the ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal amount of water. specific gravity sulphides A. sulphides B. calcite A. equal weight of 10 C. clay B. specific gravity D. oxides C. 1.0 cc D. 10 kgs Which of the following is not a copper mineral? A. chalcocite what texture? psilomelane metallic B. bornite C. psilomelane like polished metal, e.g. pyrites D. chalcopyrite E. malachite what texture? adamantine What is the hardness of gypsum in the Moh's scale? brilliant like diamonds, e.g. cassiterite what texture? vitreous 2 like broken glass, e.g. quartz B. 5 C. 2 D. 3 what texture? E. 1 resinous like resin or wax, e.g. sphalerite What is the kind of mica which is colored white and with a composition of hydrous potassium aluminum what texture? silicate? pearly like pearl A. 4 Muscovite A. Muscovite B. Biotite what texture? greasy C. Kaolinite D. Dolomite as if covered with a thin layer of soil E. Calcite Silicate group structure with 2 silicon-oxygen Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz) tetrahedra, sharing 1 oxygen atom: A generic for rocks consisting of olivine with Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.name Franz) or without other ferromagnesians: Peridotite Sorosilicates a) Nesosilicates b) Sorosilicates c) Cyclosilicates d) a) Dunite b) Serpentinite c) Peridotite d) Harzburgite Inosilicates The principal ore mineral of tin is: Silicate group structure with 3D framework of silicon-oxygen tetrahedral: Tectosilicates Cassiterite a) Ilmenite b) Scheelite c) Enargite d) Cassiterite a) Inosilicates single-chain b) Inosilicatesdoublechain c) Phyllosilicates d) Tectosilicates the principal supplies of this mineral are obtained as Mica is an example of what silicate group structure: Bismuth byproducts of copper and lead smelting: a) Arsenic b) Beryllium c) Bismuth d) Cadmium Phyllosilicates a) Cyclosilicates b) Inosilicates double-chain c) Phyllosilicates d) Tectosiicates All of these metals are by- products of treating zinc ore except: Orthoclase can be scratched by: Arsenic a) Germanium b) Arsenic c) Cadmium d) Gallium Unglazed porcelain a) Unglazed porcelain b) Knife c) Copper penny d) Fingernail The minimum Cr2O3 content of a refractory chromite ore is: An igneous rock with a glassy texture and 30% conchoidal fracture: a) 45% b) 40% c) 35% d) 30% Obsidian a) Quartz b) Obsidian c) Ignimbrite d) Dunite Iron formation whose iron content has not been sufficiently enriched by natural leaching of silica to Isometric; SG: 7.3; H: 2-2.5; blackish lead- gray; Argentite metallic; can be cut with a knife like lead: Taconite constitute ore: a) Bornite b) Argentite c) Magnetite d) Palladium a) Taconite b) Talus c) Tellurides d) Theralite The metamorphic rock equivalent of sandstone is: Isometric; SG: 8.9; H: 2.5-3: Copper Quartzite a) Jamesonite b) Cinnabar c) Copper d) Sphalerite a) Greywacke b) Quartzite c) Arkose d) Conglomerate A mass of rock irregularly fractured along which mineralization has spread: Stockwork a) Lode b) Vein c) Stockwork d) Dike Isometric; 14-19; H:4-4.5; steel- gray with bright Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol.SG:Franz) Platinum lustre; metallic: a) Pyrrhotite b) Magnetite c) Silver d) Platinum What is the principal Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Geol. Franz)metal or element produced from ilmenite? Ti a. Ti b. Ni c. Cu Synonym for tetrahedride: d. Co Gray copper a) Green stone b) Gray copper c) Grossularite d) What have large variety of method for assaying of Greenockite gold and silver bearing in solutions. What do you call this method, precipitation by lead and zinc A replacement texture wherein isolated grains of guest mineral are common: Metacryst acetate? Alfred Chiddey method a. Lead tray method b. Zinc dust method a) Sea-and-Island texture c. William H. Barton method b) Intergrain replacement d. Alfred Chiddey method c) Metacryst d) Replacement breccia The mineral luzonite in Lepanto is Isometric; SG: 2.16; H:2.5; colorless to white; Sulphide a.Sulphide b.Oxide c.Silicate d.Arsenate e.sulfate distinguished by taste: Halite Which among the mineral listed below is malleable a) Goethite b) Ilmenite c) Halite d) Sodalite a.Chalcopyrite Chemical formula for sperrylite: Electrum c.Electrum PtAs2 d.Argentite e.Magnetite a) Sb2S3 b) MoS2 c) ZnAl2O4 d) PtAs2 A most malleable, corrosion resistant and one of the heaviest metal is ' Coarse-grained igneous rocks consisting essentially granite Commercially the most important type of feldspar a. Pt c. Cr b. Fe d. Au Stratiform chromite contains significant concentration of a. V205 c. Al205 c. Cr205 d. MaO What is the principal metal or element produced nickel from garnierite? a. platinum b. cobalt c. nickel d. gold of quartz(20-30), alkali feldspar and very common mica(biotite or muscovite). Pt V205 b.Ilmenite Potash feldspar a.Potash feldspar b.Calcic plagioclase c.Soda plagioclase d.Calcic-alkalic plagioclase An Geol. igneous rock containing virtually no quartz nor Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Franz) feldspar composed essentially of ferromagnesian silicates nepheline syenite TheGeol. main component Day 2 Geol Board Exams (by Franz)of cement are Calcareous and argillaceous a.Calcareous and argillaceous materials materials b.Calcareous and quartz materials a.ultramafic rocks c.Argillaceous and quartz materials b.anorthosite d.Quartz and laterite materials c.nepheline syenite d.basic rocks Rocks primarily composed of calcium magnesium Which of the following has the highest amount of granite a.granite b.diorite c.basalt d.syenite carbonate minerals occurring in crystalline or nondolomite quartz? crystalline forms a.syenite b.dolerite c.dolomite d.limestone It is the geometric arrangement of crystals? fabric a.cleavage b.twinning c.fabric d.parting A volcanic rock composed essentially of plagioclase with pyroxene, hornblende and biotite, What is the distinguishing property between acidic in varying proportions as the mafic constituents may andesite and basic rocks? contain minor amounts of quartz silica content a.pH level b.alumina content a.norite b.nepheline syenite c.andesite d.basalt c.silica content d.iron content Clay derived from the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting chiefly of montmorillonite; may or may Which does not belong to the discontinuous series not swell when wetted bentonite a.bauxite of Bowen's reaction series? plagioclase b.halloysite a.biotite b.olivine c.amphibole d.plagioclase c.bentonite d.fuller's earth Commonly used as flux in iron blast furnace Which is not a wall rock alteration? calcic a.argillic b.potassic c.propylitic d.calcic limestone a.coke b.charcoal c.lime d.limestone true or false: .The most stable mineral at the surface of the