Danielle Snyman - Water Systems Study Sheet PDF

Water Systems: Notebook and Test Study Sheet Review all of your notes and especially study the following topics to help you prepare for the test on Tues Oct 22 8A or Wed Oct 23 8B. Each student needs to hand in his/her notebook and study notes the day before the test. Notebook (10 marks): All notes...

Water Systems: Notebook and Test Study Sheet Review all of your notes and especially study the following topics to help you prepare for the test on Tues Oct 22 8A or Wed Oct 23 8B. Each student needs to hand in his/her notebook and study notes the day before the test. Notebook (10 marks): All notes should be neatly in a duotang with your name and unit title on the cover. (1 mark) Each note should be listed in your table of contents along with the date. (1 mark) All of the notes for this unit should be included and in order. (5 marks) Each note should have a title, your name, and date at the top. (1 mark) All notes should be neat and legible. (1 mark) All notes should be original, complete and assignments corrected. (1 mark) Test Study Sheet: These notes should reflect the study style that best helps you learn. They may be hand-written or typed, on paper or on index cards, or a mixture of both. For example, you may choose to use cue cards for your vocabulary words and paper for diagrams. Your notes may include pictures with explanations, graphic organizers, point form details, memory aids such as a song or acronym, or any other method that works for you. Study Sheets (10 marks): Vocabulary words are clearly defined (2 marks) All required information is complete & correct (5 marks) Notes are organized (1 marks) The student’s own words are used as much as possible (1 mark) Diagrams are included or references are made to notes for diagrams. (1 mark) Test Format (32 marks total) A. True/False: 5 questions Indicate whether the following is true or false. If the answer is false, change the definition to make it a true statement. (5 marks) B. Matching: 8 questions Write the number in the blank to match each word with its definition. (8 marks) C. Multiple Choice: 5 questions Circle the letter of the correct answer. (5 marks) D: Short Answer: 4 questions Answer the following questions in either point form or short answer. Remember to write at least one point per mark. (14 marks) Water Systems Test “Things to Know” Vocabulary Words: Ocean A whole body of salt water that covers nearly three fourths of the surface of the earth water table The water table is the level of the water underground. zone of saturation The zone of saturation is the layer of rock or soil that absorbs water underground. spring tides A tide just after a full moon, when there is a big difference between high and low tide. neap tides A tide after the first and third quarters of the moon when there is a small difference between high and low tide. tidal range The difference in height between the high tide and the low tide Current The part of a water body moving over and over in a certain direction pH scale It’s a measure of how acidic/basic water is. acid rain Any form of precipitation with acidic components 1. Distribution of Water on Earth - What percentage of water on earth is usable fresh water? Saltwater? 8% is usable fresh water. 63% is salt water. 2. The Water Table - Where does water go when it falls to the earth as precipitation? Some of it evaporates, returning to the atmosphere and some of it seeps into the ground as soil moisture or groundwater. - How is the water table affected by the amount of precipitation? The water table moves up and down depending of variations in rainfall, evapotranspiration and the pumping of wells. 3. Experiment: Comparing Pore Space - Which type of material (sand, gravel, or soil) holds the most water? Why? Soil holds the most water, because of the large surface area. 4. Rivers and Canada’s Watershed and Ex: Making a Model of a River and Bill Nye Video - What controls the direction a river flows? Gravity and rocks affect the direction a river flows.  - What type of river makes a deep & narrow valley or a wide & shallow valley? Fast and steep slope creates a deep narrow valley and slow and gentle slope creates wide and shallow. - Explain how a river changes from its start in the hills to its end at a lake/ocean Smaller rivers join together to form larger rivers, the water gets deeper and shallower depending on rocks and the water erodes the side of the banks so it becomes somewhat bigger. 5. The Water Cycle - What are the 3 states of water? Liquid, gas, and solid. - What are the following changes of state called? Solid -> Liquid = melting Liquid -> Solid = freezing Liquid -> Gas = Evaporation Gas -> Liquid = Condensation - What are the different stages in the water cycle? Include a diagram. - How does the water cycle naturally purify water? It naturally purifies water because any im properties get left behind when the water precipitates 6. Tides - What causes high and low tides? The gravitational forces exerted on the earth by the moon, and a tiny bit to the sun. 7. How does Water Affect Climate? - How does a large body of water such as a lake or an ocean affect the temperature in a city nearby? Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses - Why do cities far from lakes or oceans have a large temperature range? (use specific heat capacity to explain your answer)  Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses 8. Experiment: Testing pH and Acid Rain - What is the pH range of acids? Bases? The range goes from 0 - 14. The PH range of bases greater than 7 indicates a base. - What is a neutral pH? Which substance is usually neutral? A pH of 7 is neutral. Water, table salt, sugar solution and cooking oil are usually neutral. - What causes acid rain? What is usually the pH of acid rain? Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents, which then causes acid rain. The PH of acid rain is usually between 4.2 and 4.4. - What can be done to prevent acid rain? You can prevent acid rain by producing energy without using fossil fuels. 9. Currents - Why can differences in temperature cause ocean currents to form? The density differences in water masses can change the ocean currents. - How do currents help organisms that live in the water? Currents are important in ecosystems because they spread out water, heat, nutrients, and oxygen around the ocean. 10. Water in the News and Water Consumption around the World (or the whole unit) - What is one issue about water that we need to address? Why is this issue important? What can be done to solve the issue? It’s not safe to drink. Because we need water to drink. Reducing the amount of plastic we drink, etc. - What is one of the reasons that most countries in the world use less water than Canada? One of the reasons are that they don’t have a lot of water so they have to save it, or because the water is very dirty. - How can we reduce our water consumption? We can reduce water consumption by using bath or shower water to flush our toilets, to turn of the sink when brushing our teeth.