Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710 Fall 2023 Female Reproductive Tract PDF

Reproductive tract organs: Female gender Dog & Cat Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710: Fall 2023 Lec. # 27 Abdomen & pelvis Female repro Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz [email protected] organs www.anato.cl Learning Objectives 1. List, identify, and describe the components of the female reproduct...

Reproductive tract organs: Female gender Dog & Cat Veterinary Anatomy I: CVM 710: Fall 2023 Lec. # 27 Abdomen & pelvis Female repro Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz [email protected] organs www.anato.cl Learning Objectives 1. List, identify, and describe the components of the female reproductive system including their features, relationships, position/location, orientation, divisions, subcomponents, and/or functions. List, in order, the parts of the reproductive/urogenital tract that an unfertilized ova would encounter as it travels caudally through the tubular tract. 2. Describe the components of the broad ligament 3. Identify and differentiate the terminal components of the female reproductive tract: cervix, vagina, vestibule (common opening for the urinary and genital tracts) and vulva. 4. Describe the function of the vestibular bulbs/constrictor vestibule mm. during coitus. 5. Describe relevant anatomy of the female urogenital tract (and surrounding structures) in the context of placing a urinary catheter into the urethra. Female reproductive tract Ovary (in the ovarian bursa) Uterine tube Abdominal cavity Horns Uterus Body Cervix Pelvic cavity Vagina Vestibule Perineum Vulva Female reproductive tract Ovary (in the ovarian bursa) Uterine tube Abdominal cavity Horns Uterus Body Cervix Pelvic cavity Vagina Vestibule Perineum Vulva Budras pg. 67 Ovary • • • • • • • Female gonads located caudal to each kidney. Normally have an oval shape but the size and the surface can change according with the female cycles. The endocrine portion produce hormones (estrogen & progesterone) Produce the ova (egg) An ovary is a solid organ (possesses no lumen) is surrounded by a fibrous capsule or ovarian capsule. The ovary surface (fibrous capsule) is NOT covered by a visceral peritoneum. The oocyte expelled during ovulation passes into the peritoneal cavity and need to travel inside the infundibulum of the uterine tube. Ovary Follicles projected at the surface of the ovary Uterine horn Ovary Ovary Uterine tube (salpinx) Narrow membranous tube with an abdominal opening to receive the ova. Has five main portions and connects with the most cranial end of the uterine horn. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Abdominal ostium Infundibulum with fimbriae Ampulla Isthmus Tubouterine junction 3 3 2 1 4 5 Addl. nomenclature regarding the uterine tube is that this hollow organ resembles the aorta or large colon. There is: *first region which is the proximal “ascending portion”, *second region which is “flexure” portion, and *third region which is “descending portion” before joining the uterine horn Perimetrium (Uterine visceral peritoneum) Uterus: Is a muscular organ formed by four main parts: Two horns that join in a single body. The body is short in carnivores and caudally communicate with the cervix. The uterus is composed of 3 main layers of tissue Right Uterine horn Myometrium (Uterine smooth muscle) Endometrium (Uterine mucosa) Uterine body Cervix Left Uterine horn Budras pg. 67 • • Cervix • Cervical canal: is the duct that connects the uterus wit the vagina Internal uterine ostium: located @ exit of cervical canal orientened toward the body of the uterus External uterine ostium: located @ exit of cervical canal orientened toward the vagina – Orientation of opening is 45° angle relative to the vaginal floor vagina Budras pg. 67 Evans Figs. 150 & 178 Broad ligament: Double plica of peritoneum that maintains the ovary, uterine tube and uterus in position w/in abdomen. Within its layers there are the vessels and autonomic nerves for these organs. • Mesosalpinx • Mesovarium • Mesometrium Mesometrium: aka: major portion of broad ligament Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz Mesovarium Dr. Ismael Concha-Albornoz Broad ligament: Ovarian bursa: Peritoneal sac that encloses the ovary, is formed by extensions of the mesovarium and mesosalpinx. There is an opening between the peritoneal cavity and the ovarian bursa (opening of the ovarian bursa). Evans Fig. 151 Retroperitoneal space c Capsule Retroperitoneal organs RKidney LKidney Intraperitoneal organs Parietal peritoneum Ovarian bursa Capsule Ovary Ovary Peritoneal Cavity Broad ligament Peritoneal organs Perimetrium (Uterine visceral peritoneum) Spleen or Liver uterine horns Myometrium (Uterine smooth muscle) Endometrium (Uterine mucosa) Ligaments of the ovary and uterus: Connective tissues that attach the repro. organs to the walls of the abdomen and firmly connects each ovary to its respective uterine horn Suspensory ligament of the ovary • Suspensory ligament of the ovary connects the ovary to the abdominal wall in proximities to the caudal pole of the kidneys • Proper ligament of the ovary short and dense ligament. that connects the caudal pole of the ovary with the cranial extremity of the uterine horn • Round ligament of the uterus Proper ligament of the ovary band of connective tissue that extends from the ovary to the inguinal canal Round ligament of the uterus Evans Fig. 151 Broad ligament: Lateral view of caudal abdomen & pelvic cavity of female dog Proper ligament of the ovary Mesometrium Suspensory ligament of the ovary Mesovarium Millers Fig. 9-1 & 9-39 Schematic of crosssectional anatomy of caudal abdomen: Dorsal aspect Colon (gi system) Uterus (repro. system) urinary bladder (urinary system) Ventral aspect Suspensory lig. Left kidney Ovarian bursa Opening of the ovarian bursa Proper ligament Mesovarium Female reproductive tract Ovary (in the ovarian bursa) Uterine tube Abdominal cavity Horns Uterus Body Cervix Pelvic cavity Vagina Vestibule Perineum Vulva Vagina • • • Between cervix and urethral tubercle Longitudinal folds Vaginal fornix Vagina cervix Urethral tubercle Longitudinal folds of vaginal mucosa Fornix: Blind sac space in the most cranial end of the vagina. The fornix is located around the vaginal projection of the cervix Budras pg. 67 Vagina • • • Between cervix and urethral tubercle Longitudinal folds Vaginal fornix Vagina Fornix: Blind sac space in the most cranial end of the vagina. The fornix is located around the vaginal projection of the cervix Longitudinal folds of vaginal mucosa Urethral tubercle Budras pg. 67 Perineum región: anal triangle Urogenital triangle Fuente imagen: UST Santiago,Chile Perineum region anal triangle Urogenital triangle vulva Fuente imagen: UST Santiago,Chile Vestibule and vulva • Vestibule – – – – • Urethral tubercle • External urethral orifice Clitoris • Glans clitoridis • Fossa clitoridis Vestibular bulbs Constrictor vestibuli mm. Vulva – Labia • Dorsal and ventral commissures Evans Fig. 178 • Vestibule – – – – • Urethral tubercle • External urethral orifice Clitoris • Glans clitoridis • Fossa clitoridis Vestibular bulbs Constrictor vestibuli mm. Vulva – Labia • Dorsal and ventral commissures Dorsal commissure Vulva Labia Labia Ventral commissure Vestibular bulbs Constrictor vestibuli mm. Clitoris: Glans clitoridis Vestibule Fossa clitoridis Questions ?????