CSS 1000 F24 Final Exam Review PDF

Final Exam Review: CSS 1000 DE Introduction to Social Work in Canada: Histories, Context, and Practices, Second Edition, 2020 Ives, N. Denov, M. and Sussman, T. Chapters 4, 5, 8-13  Case management Focuses on helping individuals and families navigate their way to resources...

Final Exam Review: CSS 1000 DE Introduction to Social Work in Canada: Histories, Context, and Practices, Second Edition, 2020 Ives, N. Denov, M. and Sussman, T. Chapters 4, 5, 8-13  Case management Focuses on helping individuals and families navigate their way to resources  Service Navigation Focuses on facilitation connections to resources and following up to ensure that needs are met.  Attending Skills Non—verbal aspects of communication that convey interest  Open Questions Questions that require more thought than an one-word answer.  Closed questions Questions that can be answered by a simple “yes” or “no” response, or just one or two words  Reflecting Paraphrasing what a worker thinks a client is trying to communicate  Parroting Repeating what client says verbatim.  Summarizing Pulling together key themes from an interview.  Care and Concern Expressed when the social worker seeks to understand an individual and family out of a genuine desire to help.  Genuineness Being open, real, and sincere with individuals and families.  Empathy The capacity to understand and respond to another person’s subjective experience.  Collaboration The development of mutually agreed on goals and tasks between a social worker and individuals and families.  Client-centered An approach that places individuals and families at the centre of the helping relationship honouring their perceptions and experiences and supporting their active involvement in solutions.  Self-awareness Refers to a social worker’s insight into how he/she/they affects and/or is affected by others.  Attunement The worker’s attention to how the individuals and families are reacting to him/her/them and the work being done together.  Self-disclosure Typically described as an intentional attempt at revealing something about the self of the worker.  Voluntary Requests for services wherein clients have self-referred or agree with those referring them that social work services are warrented.  Involuntary Requests for services wherein clients have been pressured to seek the services of a social worker either by a court mandate or by facing a sanction for not seeking service.  Consolidating Gains Involves reinforcing the capacities within clients that lead to positive change.  Tracking Involves observing patterns of interaction between family members while listening to the issues they are discussing.  Family structure Refers to the way the family is organized including roles family members hold and closeness and distance between members.  Genogram A visual representation of a family that illustrates a family’s history, structure, demographics, functioning, and patters of relating to one another.  Identify and explain three common factors of social work practice Genuineness in the context of a helping relationship is being honest about one’s power and authority, one’s observations, and one’s capacity to help. Showing care and concern in a helping relationship includes caring about what happens to a client and showing respect to him or her by listening well, following up on responsibilities, and believing he or she is deserving of better circumstances. This does not mean a worker must “like” a client. Empathy is the worker’s capacity to understand another person’s subjective experiences. This involves validating emotional reactions or asking about emotions. Finally, collaboration involves establishing some level of agreement with the client on the nature of the issues to be worked on and how those issues should be addressed.  Treatment Group A group that focuses primarily on socio- emotive or behavioural needs of participants.  Task Group A group that focuses on completing a specific assignment or goal for a clientele, organization, or community.  Open Group A group where members can come or go at any time so group membership changes throughout the life of the group. It is often open-ended, meaning that there is no specified ending to the group. Members leave when they feel ready and return when needed.  Closed Group A group with a fixed or closed membership, where membership does not change during the life of the group.  Stage A distinct period in a process of a group’s growth and development  Forming Clarification of group purpose and relationship building  Storming Expression of intragroup conflict  Norming Development of greater group cohesion and ways of working together  Performing Effective communication and focus on the work of the group  Adjourning Evaluation and termination  Interactional model A model where leadership is not the exclusive domain of the leader but is shared among the members as an empowering function.  What is the main characteristic that distinguishes support groups from self- help groups? The main characteristic distinguishing support groups from self-help groups is leadership. Support groups are professionally led while self-help groups are peer led or led by someone with professional training who shares the issue the group shares.  What are some ways community has been defined? Community can be defined by geography, identity, interest, or any combination of the three. Communities could be physically constructed entities such as members of a neighbourhood, municipality, or other geographic region, or a collection of people connected through shared identities, interests, and experiences (e.g., ethnicity). Recent conceptualizations of community include those that build community in virtual settings or “e- communities,” such as for online learning or support. What role does a group leader play in a psychoeducational group? Psychoeducational groups combine the goal of an educational group (to impart knowledge) and support. The group leader acts as a teacher and provider of structure for group discussion.  Colonization Invasion or taking over sovereignty of another nation.  Residential School A program that forcibly removed Indigenous children to eradicate their cultures.  Holistic Approach Recognition of the whole person including spiritual, physical, emotional and psychological elements.  Egalitarianism A belief that all people should share equal social, political and economic rights and opportunities.  Clan Groups of families that have the same inherited social and political roles.  Intergenerational trauma Refers to trauma passed down from generation to generation in Indigenous communities, resulting in unhealthy family relationships such as violence, mental health challenges such as depression, and internalized oppression that sometimes manifests itself in substance misuse.  Historical trauma “Cumulative emotional, psyhoclogical, and spiritual damage over the life span and across generations emanating from massive group traumatic experiences” (Brave Heart, 2003)  Collective trauma Someone may not have been exposed to the atrocities of the past or personally experienced any form of individual trauma, but still carry a collective memory of victimhood as a key identity marker without being aware of this.  Decolonization Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples working together to dismantle the attitudes, powers and institutions that keep practices of colonization alive.  What was the Sixties Scoop? The Sixties Scoop refers to the large-scale adoption and fostering of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children into non-Indigenous homes in Canada, the United States, and around the world between the early 1950s and the late 1980s.  Who can be an ally for Indigenous Peoples? What are some of the challenges of being an ally? An ally can be anyone who recognizes the harm caused by colonization and seeks to work with Indigenous Peoples to bring to light stories of oppression, both past and present. An ally is someone who is comfortable being an outsider when working with Indigenous communities and with confronting uncomfortable truths about his or her own privilege and how these privileges may have occurred at the expense of Indigenous Peoples.  Describe the model or tool developed by the Cree Nation for healing. The Medicine Wheel is a holistic method of addressing individual, family, and community healing, positive change, and social justice. According to the teachings of the Cree Nation, the Medicine Wheel also promotes balance and harmony within people and communities. It offers a guide to understanding problems and finding solutions that considers multiple aspects of a person, including one’s emotional, cognitive, social, and physical functioning, in a spiritual context.  Resettlement The process by which refugees are given permanent legal residency in a settlement country.  Migrant A person who has moved from one country to another either temporarily or permanently.  Immigrant A person admitted to Canada as a lawful permanent resident.  Refugee A person who is outside their country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to the country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political oppression, and/or social affiliation.  Refugee claimant A temporary resident in the humanitarian population category who requests refugee protection upon or after arrival in Canada but whose claim has not yet been decided.  Temporary Foreign Worker A person hired by a Canadian employer to fill temporary labour or skill shortages.  Undocumented migrant A person who has come to Canada as a visitor, student or temporary worker, or refugee claimant and then has continued residence in Canada after either vis expiration or denial of refugee claim.  Nonrefoulement Prohibits the return of persons-no matter what their crime or suspected activity-to a place where they would be at risk of torture and other ill-treatment. (literally meaning “no return”)  Integration Participation in economic, cultural, political and social areas of life of a settlement country while retaining connections to one’s country or origin and paying particular attention to relational, attitudinal, and institutional interactions among refugees and members of the host community.  Acculturation A process of adaptation between two cultures, particularly how traditions, values, language and beliefs change as they come into contact with a new (usually dominant) culture. Explain the stages of migration framework. How does this framework shape social work interventions with migrants? The stages of migration framework is an approach to working with migrants that focuses on significant events and issues at different stages of the migration process. The framework requires social workers to understand the factors that drove a migrant client to leave their country of origin, to consider the process/journey they went through to get to Canada, and to be mindful of the challenges faced on settling in a new country.  What are three factors that can shape the settlement and integration experiences of new Canadians? Explain the impact of each. Factors that could affect the settlement of new Canadians include goals and expectations, language proficiency, education/employment, housing, health, and social supports. Each factor can play a role in both helping and hindering the settlement process, depending on the individual characteristics of migrants and the communities to which they migrate.  How is acculturation different from assimilation? Acculturation is the process of adaptation between two cultures, particularly how traditions, values, language, and beliefs change as they come into contact with a new (usually dominant) culture. Assimilation is defined as a process by which individuals’ cultural identities are greatly minimized or eliminated, replaced by the cultural identities of the larger society. Acculturation is a process of cultural adaptation while assimilation is a process of cultural minimization or replacement.  Intersectionality Systems of oppression based on race, class, gender, ability, religion, citizenship status, and sexual/gender identity that intersect with one another.  Homophobia The irrational fear, hatred and intolerance of lesbian, gay and bisexual people.  Transphobia The irrational fear, hatred and intolerance of trans people.  Microaggressions Verbal, behavioural, or environmental indignities, intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults.  Heterosexism The assumption that heterosexuality is natural and the norm and that any other form of sexual identity or expression is inferior.  Gender non-conforming Individuals whose physical sex/gender assigned at birth does not align with their gender expression.  Transitioning Refers to the process through which trans people start to move away from their gender assigned at birth to their preferred gender expression and identity.  What is political intersectionality? Provide an example. Political intersectionality occurs when a specific group of people are situated within two subordinated groups that frequently pursue conflicting political agendas. For example, queer people of colour often must negotiate their membership in both anti-racist and queer movements. Queer people of colour may experience racism within queer communities and transphobia and/or homophobia within racialized communities.  Medical Model of disability Views disability as an individual deficit and identifies disability as being fundamentally biological in origin.  Social model of disability In contrast to the medical model of disability, this model contends that disability is created or constructed by social and environmental factors only.  Ableism Refers to discrimination or prejudice against individuals based on their ability or disabilility.  Eugenics The practice of selecting desired human traits to improve the genetic stock of the population and preventing the breeding of those with undesired traits.  Why might thinking of persons with disabilities as courageous be stigmatizing? Ascribing a common trait to any group can be problematic, as it overlooks the varying identities and experiences people can have. Further, equating living with a disability to something that requires courage and strength presumes that it is a deviation from the norm that one must overcome.  Activities of Daily Living A term used in health care to refer to daily self-care activities such as feeding, bathing, dressing and grooming.  Ageism A form of stereotyping about older people that associates aging with decline and results in exclusion and marginalization.  Successful Aging Views positive aging as the prevention of functional decline and engagement in meaningful activities.  Selective optimization with compensation A positive coping process of aging.  Cohort Group of persons who were born at the same historical time and who experience particular social changes within a given culture in the same sequence and at the same age.  Home Care Publicly funded health and social services delivered to individuals in their homes or other community settings  Community Support Services Not-for-profit, locally run health and social services that supplement home- care services  Supportive/Assisted Living Arrangements Congregate living facilities for older adults who require minimal personal assistance and can direct their own care  Facility Based Long-term Care Also known as residential-care facilities, nursing homes, or long-term care homes Typically publicly funded and suitable for individuals who need a high level of care  Globalization A mainly economic process including the breading down of borders and barriers to international trade but can also describe economic, political, social technological, culture transformations that lead to great interconnectedness of people and systems around the world.  Human rights Basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, ability, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, religion, language or other status.  Glocalization A term popularized by Bauman (1998) who argued that globalization should be understood as linking global and local processes.  Civil Society Refers to the wide array of non- governmental and not-for-profit organizations that have a presence in public life, expressing the interests and values of their members.  Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of people living in poverty, protect the environment, provide basic social services, or undertake community development.  International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) Normally have a similar mission to an NGO, but are international in scope and may have offices around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries.  Universalism The position that states that core values apply to all human beings, irrespective of their identity (including cultural background or personal preferences).  Cultural Relativism Advocates that culture is the sole source for the validity of a moral right or rule and that members of one society may not legitimately condemn the practices of societies with different traditions, especially practices considered culturally based.  Indigenization Refers to the adoption and adaptation of theories and practices in social work in ways that are relevant to the local (indigenous) context.  Authentization Refers to a process of developing theories and practices for social work that are derived out of the realities of the local context.  Demobilization Refers to the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.  Reintegration The process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.  How may one avoid a “Eurocentric” view or “export model” of international social work? In order to avoid a “Eurocentric” view or “export model,” a social worker must critically examine issues of power within historical, cultural, and political frameworks in all contexts and cultures that are not their own, but particularly those in which there has been a history of colonialism. There are a number of other methods described on pages 399-401.