Critical Approaches PDF

Contextualizing Placing a text in its historical, biographical, and cultural contexts. When you read a text, you read it through the lens of your own experience. Your understanding of the words on the page and their significance is informed by what you have come to know and value from li...

Contextualizing Placing a text in its historical, biographical, and cultural contexts. When you read a text, you read it through the lens of your own experience. Your understanding of the words on the page and their significance is informed by what you have come to know and value from living in a particular time and place. But the texts you read were all written in the past, sometimes in a radically different time and place. To read critically, you need to contextualize, to recognize the differences between your Sarah contemporary values and attitudes and those represented in the text.  Contextualizing As a reader you should try to identify this context and consider how this context differs from your own. To do this, you need to consider the following: a. Language or ideas that appear foreign or out of date. b. Your knowledge of the time and place in which the work was written. c. The effect these differences have on your understanding Sarah and judgment of the reading.  Critical Approaches Sarah  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, students must be able to : Define Critique Identify the various approaches writing a critique; Criticize the text using the different approaches of criticism; Apply the appropriate critical approaches writing your critique. Sarah 4  MEANIN G Critical Approaches/ Literary Theory Sarah 5  Literary Theory is used as a “framework” to interpret Definitio perspective in literature n (texts) Sarah  It is simply the idea of exploring “ literature (texts) through different theoretical “lenses” or from specific perspectives. Sarah 7  FORMALISM ◇ It posits the key to understanding a text through the TEXT itself: historical context, the author, or any other external contexts necessary in interpreting the meaning. ◇ Elements/ structure/ symbol/ characterization ◇ Use of imagery to develop symbols in the work ◇ Author’s technique in resolving contradictions with the work Sarah 8  BIOGRAPHICAL ◇ It is a form of literary criticism which analyses a writer’s biography to show the relationship between the author’s life and their works ◇ The goal of a biographical criticism is to understand why the author wrote the text BENEFITS Facts about the author’s experience can help a reader decide how to interpret the text. A reader can better appreciate a text by knowing a writer’s struggles or difficulties in creating that text Sarah 9  HISTORICAL ◇ It is a form of literary criticism which analyses the light of historical evidence or based on the context in which a work was written, including facts about the author’s life and historical and social circumstances of the time. Investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand “the WORLD BEHIND THE TEXT”. Investigation of social, cultural and intellectual contexts that produced the work. ◇ Impact and meaning on original audience ◇ How a text meaning has change over time Sarah 10  Gender Criticism It examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works. ◇ MASCULINIST ◇ FEMINIST ◇ QUEER Sarah 11  FEMINISM ◇ It is a form of literary criticism which analyses WOMEN as subjects of socio-political, psychological and economic oppression. It also reveals how aspects of our culture are patriarchal, i.e, how our culture views men as superior and women as inferior. ◇ How patriarchal ideology is an overpowering presence. ◇ How culture determines gender ◇ How gender issues are presented in literary works Sarah 12 ◇ How gender equality is presented in the text.  MARXISM It is concerned with differences between economic classes and implications of a capitalist system, such as the continuing conflicts between the working class and the elite. It attempts to reveal that the ultimate source of people’s experience is the socio-economic system. ◇ Social Class of the characters ◇ Social Class of the writer/ creator ◇ Social Class as represented in the work Sarah 13  PSYCHOANALYTIC It is concerned with all actions influenced by UNCONCIOUS. Human beings must repress many of their desire to live peacefully with others Repressed desires often surface in the unconscious motivating actions. ◇ ID – instinct, pleasure seeking part of the mind ◇ Ego- the part of the mind that controls but does not repress the ID’s impulses, releasing them in a healthy way Sarah 14  SOCIOLOGICAL It argues that social context must be taken into consideration when analyzing a text. ◇ Focuses on man’s relationship to others in the society, politics, religion and business. ◇ Focuses on the beliefs and values of society and how 15 they are reflected in a text.  PHYSIOLOGICAL CRITICISM 16  READER- RESPONSE It is concerned with the REVIEWER’S reaction as an audience of a work. This approach claims that the reader’s role cannot be separated from understanding of the work; a text does not have a meaning until the readers read it and interpret. ◇ The impact of the reader’s delivery of sounds and visual on enhancing and changing meaning ◇ Interaction between the reader and the text in creating meaning Sarah 17  Thanks! Any questions? You can find me at: ◇ [email protected] ◇ [email protected] Sarah 18  A picture is worth a thousand words A complex idea can be conveyed with just a single still image, namely making it possible to absorb large amounts of data quickly. 19  Want big impact? 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