Creative Writing Quarter 2 Drama PDF

NAMES 3-4-8-24 3-11-15-24 3-18-22 3-25- -REMARKS 26 1. Adaya, Kathy 2. Bayucan, Michelle 3. Cabang, Sonny 4. Cabasal, Ivy 5. Dayag, Edward Haze 6. Dayag, Fely 7. Gangan, Rozan 8. Maramag, Marivic 9. Medina, Rosalinda...

NAMES 3-4-8-24 3-11-15-24 3-18-22 3-25- -REMARKS 26 1. Adaya, Kathy 2. Bayucan, Michelle 3. Cabang, Sonny 4. Cabasal, Ivy 5. Dayag, Edward Haze 6. Dayag, Fely 7. Gangan, Rozan 8. Maramag, Marivic 9. Medina, Rosalinda 10. Romeo, Princess 11. Talosig, Jazel Marie 12. Telan, Ines Creative Writing Reading and Writing Drama Prepare by: NICHAR D. UMENGAN Master teacher ii  CONTENT  Lesson 1: Elements, Techniques and Literary Devices in Drama Lesson 2: Intertextuality: A Technique of Drama Lesson 3: Character, Setting and Plot for a One-Act Play Lesson 4: Staging Modalities and Envisioning the Script Lesson 5: Exercises on the Elements of Drama Lesson 6: Scene for One-Act Play  At the end of this module, you are expected to:  Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in drama  Understand intertextuality as a technique of drama  Conceptualize a character/setting/plot for a one-act  Explore different staging modalities vis-à-vis envisioning the script  Write short exercises involving character, dialogue, plot, and other elements of drama  Write at least one scene for one-act play applying the various elements, techniques, and literary devices  LESS ELEMENTS, TECHNIQUES ON 1 AND LITERARY DEVICES IN DRAMA At the end of this lesson, you are expected to identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in drama  What is Drama?  comes from a Greek word which means action.  It is a story told in dialogue by performers in front of an audience.  It is another word for a play.  Drama, on the other hand, is another literary genre with various Characteristics which are distinct from the other types of literary works. A mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance  What is Drama?  A type of play which is written for theater, television, radio and film  A composition in the forms of either verse or prose for the purpose of portraying life or character or telling a story which often involves conflicts and emotions through action and dialogue A person who writes or creates plays is known as a “playwright” or “dramatist”.  a literary work that is intended to be presented on a stage in front of the audience.  it is considered the type of literature that take advantage of people’s visual and auditory senses.  it is the actual written material or the script.  Literary Elements of Drama Drama has various literary elements which are important during a drama’s formation stage. The playwright has to think through these elements in order to come up with a good play.  Characters Literary Elements of Drama These are the people, animals or even ideas who are given life in the play. In other words, they are who make the story happen in drama. Characters are different from actors. Actors are the ones who are doing the ‘acting’ or the people who are portraying different characters.  Setting Literary Elements of Drama This is where and when the story in the play happened or the time and place where the events in the play took place.  Plot Literary Elements of Drama This element answers how the story happened in the play. This describes the events, which relate to each other in a pattern or sequence that makes up a story. The plot helps playwrights organize the information in the play in an understandable manner. We refer to plot as the dramatic structure of a play.  Exposition Plot Structure This part introduces the characters and establishes the setting of the story. The introduction can either present the conflict right at the very beginning or in the middle of the action. Regardless of the structure, this part shows the situations that involved the characters to the conflict and sets the tone of the play.  Rising Action Plot Structure This occurs when a series of events following the initial incident lead up to the dramatic climax. This is when the events begin to get complicated or when excitement, tension or crisis is encountered.  Climax Plot Structure This is the turning point or highest point of a story. This is meant to be the moment of highest interest and emotion to make the audience or reader want so eagerly to find out what will happen next.  Falling Action Plot Structure The series of events following the climax when events and complications begin to resolve.  Denouement or Resolution Plot Structure This is the end or the conclusion of a story’s plot. It allows a story to end without trailing off or leaving the reader confused or unsatisfied.  Dialogue Literary Elements of Drama This refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters in the play which can be found in a script. The dialogue helps move the action of the play along. They always come after the name of a character to guide the actors as they memorize or familiarize their lines.  Other Elements of Drama Theme refers to the meaning of the play. Theme is the main idea or lesson to be learned from the play. In some cases, the theme of a play is obvious; other times it is quite subtle. Music/Rhythm music is often featured in drama, in this case Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the actors' voices as they speak. Spectacle refers to the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes, special effects, etc. Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play.  The Modern Theater Conventions are the techniques and methods used by the playwright and director to create the desired stylistic effect. Genre refers to the type of play. Some examples of different genres include comedy, tragedy, mystery and historical play. Audience this is the group of people who watch the play. Many playwrights and actors consider the audience to be the most important element of drama, as all of the effort put in to writing and producing a play is for the enjoyment of the audience.  Technical Elements Scenery (set) this is the theatrical equipment, such as curtains, flats, backdrops, or platforms, used in a dramatic production to communicate environment. Costumes are the clothing and accessories worn by actors to portray their character and period. Makeup includes costumes, wigs, and body paint used to transform an actor into a character.  Technical Elements Props is a short for properties; any article, except costume or scenery, used as part of a dramatic production; any moveable object that appears on stage during a performance, from a telephone to a train Lights is the placement, intensity, and color of lights to help communicate environment, mood, or feeling Sound is the effects an audience hears during performance to communicate character, context, or environment  Performance Elements Acting refers to the use of face, body, and voice to portray character Character motivation is the reason or reasons for a character’s behavior. Character analysis this is the process of examining how the elements of drama – literary, technical, and performance – are used. Empathy is the capacity to relate to the feelings of another. Speaking refers to the mode of expression or delivery of lines. Breath control refers to the proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and efficiency of breath for speaking.  Performance Elements Vocal expression is how an actor uses his or her voice to convey character inflection or the change in pitch or loudness of the voice. Projection is how well the voice carries to the audience Diction is the selection and pronunciation of words or the clarity of speech. Gestures include movement of the actor’s head, shoulder, arm, hand, leg, or foot to convey meaning. Facial expression is the physical and vocal aspects used by an actor to convey mood, feeling, or personality.  Techniques in Drama Playwrights use many techniques and literary devices to make the story more exciting and interesting.  These techniques help bring the story to life and arouse the intended emotions in the audience or readers. A good play is one that captures the audience’s/readers ‘heart and attention while leaving important lessons or realizations about society, family, love, politics, poverty, life and other significant issues we deal with every single day. Literary Devices in Drama  Soliloquy (sƏ-li-lƏ-kwē) This is a speech by a single actor who is alone on stage. Most classical plays have scenes when a character does soliloquy. The character speaks out his/her thoughts aloud for the audience to know and understand what he/she is thinking. Monologue This refers to a long speech made by one actor which may be delivered alone or in the presence of others.  Dramatic Irony This occurs when a character’s words or acts carry a larger meaning that the character does not perceive. He/she expects the opposite of what fate holds in store, or unknowingly says something that has a double meaning. The audience, however, is fully aware of the character’s situation. Foreshadowing This is the playwright’s use of “hints” or “clues” which prepares the audience/reader for future events or the outcome.  Imagery This is creating images in the audience’s/readers’ mind through the use of vivid words. The use of figurative language is a good technique to stir and challenge the readers’ imagination. This can be achieved by using figures of speech like hyperbole, metaphor, simile, paradox, personification, oxymoron, metonymy and many others.  Types of Drama Drama is classified into different categories according to mood, tone, and actions shown in the plot.  Types of Comedy Drama This is to make the audience laugh. In order to achieve such goal, a playwright often uses quaint circumstances, unusual characters, and witty remarks. What makes this category different from the other types is that its writer uses lighter tone.  Sub-Genres of Comedy Romantic Comedy – It focuses on lighthearted, humorous plot lines which are often centered on romantic ideas like how true love is able to overcome many obstacles. Sentimental Comedy - It began in the 18th century as a reaction to the immoral tone of English Restoration play. This sub-genre of comedy focuses on the middle-class protagonists who are able to successfully overcome a couple of moral trials. Comedy of Manners - It is also referred to as the anti- sentimental comedy which writes about the manners and feelings of modern society. It also questions societal standards. Tragic Comedy - It portrays characters who take on tragedy with humor in order to bring out happy endings out of serious situations.  Types of Tragedy Drama Basically rooted on its literal meaning which connotes something that is unpleasant and unwelcome. Generally, it has darker themes and portrays subjects which include death, disaster, and all sorts of human suffering in a manner that is dignified and thought- provoking.  Elements of Tragedy Tragedy  its intense seriousness in dealing with matters in which survival is at stake.  its involvement of the whole community in matters of ultimate and common concern.  A tragic flaw, a characteristic which often leads to a downfall, is usually present among the story’s protagonists.  Types of Tragedy Tragedy  Greek Tragedy - Typically, it involves a protagonist of high rank who commits a mistake in judgment (flawed) and accepts his fall from grace. Typically, it includes the elements of Gods, mythology, conflict, suffering and catharsis. Among the great Greek tragedians were Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus.  Roman Tragedy - These are mostly adaptations of Greek tragedies. The Roman philosopher Seneca wrote nine plays which still exist at present and adopted by Elizabethan and Jacobean playwrights during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.  Elizabethan and Jacobean Tragedy - Elizabethan tragedies, which are not all written by Shakespeare, often involve main characters of high status (nobility, military rank, among others) who committed an error or flawed, encounter a reversal of fortune and die towards the end of the play. On the other hand, Jacobean tragedies usually have the characteristic of revenge tragedies.  Types of Tragedy Tragedy  Revenge Tragedy - This type of tragedy often involves one character who seeks revenge upon another character in the story for an evil doing.  Tragicomedy - This is a single dramatic work which consists of a combination of tragic and comic elements. One popular example of this is the play Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett.  Domestic Tragedy - Unlike the Elizabethan period tragedy, it portrays a common man in a domestic setting as the tragic hero in the story.  Types of Farce Drama This type of drama features exaggerated or absurd forms of comedy. It is a nonsensical genre of drama in which the characters intentionally overact and get themselves into a slapstick or physical humor. Webster’s Dictionary refers to it as “a light dramatic composition marked by broadly satirical comedy and improbable plot”. Recently, it is known as something serious that has turned comical.  Types of Melodrama Drama This is an exaggerated type of drama which shows classic one-dimensional characters like heroes, heroines, and villains who deal with sensational, romantic, and threatening situations. Examples of melodrama are the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and Margaret Mitchell’s novel, Gone With the Wind.  Types of Opera Drama This type combines theater, dialogue, music and dance to tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy; hence, it is known as a versatile genre of drama. This genre requires their performers to be both actors and singers since they will be expressing their emotions and intentions through song instead of a dialogue.  Types of Docudrama Drama This new genre involves dramatic portrayals of historic events or non- fictional happenings. It is more often presented in movies such as Apollo 13 and 12 Years a Slave.  Key points tackled in this lesson Drama or play is a literary art form that is written in prose or verse. It is intended to be performed on stage. The parts of the plot according to structure are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Drama has three major elements: literary, performance and technical elements. The literary elements include the plot, characters, setting, theme and dramatic devices. The performance elements include acting and speaking. The technical elements include the scenery, props, makeup and sound. Drama serves as an effective avenue to present relevant issues about the different aspects of society and human life.  LESS INTERTEXTUALITY AS A ON 2 TECHNIQUE IN DRAMA At the end of this lesson, you are expected to understand intertextuality as a technique of drama.  What is Intertextuality It is the manner in which one text influences another. This borrowing can be done by an author in either direct or indirect manner.  What is Intertextuality Merriam-Webster dictionary defines intertextuality as the “complex interrelationship between a text and other texts taken as basic to the creation of interpretation of the text”.  What is Intertextuality Intertextuality is using similar concepts from an already existing literature and adapting it to deepen the meaning or value of the newly created piece of work. Sometimes, you can think of it as a “story within a story or a story from another story”. If you are familiar with movie parodies or movies in which concepts are taken from another movie and gave it a different twist, these are examples of products of intertextuality.  Types of Intertextuality  Allusion Types of Intertextuality Among the types of intertextuality, this is perhaps the most common and effective technique. It refers to an indirect reference in one text to another text, place, historical period, or author for the purpose of enriching or developing meaning.  Parody Types of Intertextuality This type of intertextuality refers to the writer’s imitation of another text for the purpose of exposing and discrediting one’s vice or follies. Often, a writer uses this type to mock its targets who are usually celebrities, politicians, authors, a style or trend or any subject which arouses anyone’s interest at the moment or at a specific period of time.  Quotation Types of Intertextuality This is another common type of intertextuality which involves a direct reference to another text, giving citation to the owner of the text. It is known to be a device used for talking about language.  Appropriation Types of Intertextuality This type of intertextuality allows the writer to make a reworking or reimagination of a popular text for the purpose of changing or extending its meaning. Typically, it creates a whole new product and domain away from its originating source.  Adaptation Types of Intertextuality This type of intertextuality entails creating a film, TV drama or stage play based on a specific written work.  Significance of Intertextuality  It provides readers with a much richer reading experience.  It helps give new interpretations of literary works as it comes with a different context, idea, or story into the text.  It provides pleasure in terms of connection and continuity of cultures and texts.  It invites readers to revisit the earlier text, but this time, with new insights and meanings relevant to the present time.  It causes readers and audiences to raise questions concerning the nature of authorship and originality of the text.  It helps students write their own texts based on what they know from others.  It portrays a connection between two texts with certain messages and ideas.  It makes the readers think and re-interpret the meaning of the referenced text, as well as find common ideals, issues or values embedded and discovered across the texts used.  Intertextuality and Plagiarism Technically, intertextuality uses small excerpts of a hypertext which helps the readers or audience get into the new hypertext’s original themes, characters or contexts. The writer makes use of a portion of another text and alters its meaning by putting it into another context. Basically, this means that the writers are simply using the ideas of others in order to develop or enrich their own ideas and not plagiarizing them.  Intertextuality and Plagiarism In general, while plagiarism is simply copying the texts from one’s work and putting it into your own work, intertextuality is basically grounded on the purpose of creating new ideas based on the researched ideas from others to confirm them. Hence, intertextuality is not an act of plagiarism at all.  Key points tackled in this lesson Intertextuality allows writers to open new perspectives and possibilities to construct their stories. Writers may explore a particular belief or ideology in their narrative by discussing recent rhetoric in the original text. The types of intertextual techniques are allusion, appropriation and parody.  LESS CHARACTER/ SETTING/ ON 3 PLOT FOR A ONE-ACT PLAY At the end of this lesson, you are expected to conceptualize a character/ setting/ plot for a one-act play.  What is One-act Play? It is done for amusement of the audience before the actual drama starts which is known as “The Curtain Raisers”, or just after the actual drama ends which is known as “The After Pieces”. However, one-act plays do not require elaborated setting and costumes among the actors for it only covers few minutes of the running time.  Characteristics of One-act Play  One-act play is a play that has only one act but may consist of one or more scenes.  One-act plays are usually written in a concise manner.  It deals with a single dominant situation and aims at producing a single effect.  It deals with only one theme developed through one situation to one climax in order to produce the maximum of effect.  It treats the problems of everyday life as marriage, punishment for crimes, labor conditions, divorce, etc.  Characteristics of One-act Play  The one-act play, like the longer drama, should have a beginning, a middle and an end. It may be divided into four stages: The Exposition, The Conflict, The Climax and The Denouement.  Action begins right at the start of the play.  There are no breaks in the action, that is, it is continuous since it’s a short play; no intervals.  Everything superfluous is to be strictly avoided as the play is short and the action takes place within a short period of time. It introduces elaborate stage directions to minimize the time taken by the action itself.  The creation of mood, or atmosphere is indispensable to its success.  Characteristics of One-act Play There are three dramatic unities which are observed in the one- act play. The unities are the unity of time, unity of place and the unity of action. It aims at simplicity of plot; concentration of action and unity of impression. It does not rely on spectacular effects and common dramatic tricks of old. The characters in a one-act play are limited in number. Generally, there are not more than two or three principal characters. There is no full development of character. All the different aspects of a character are not presented. The attention is focused on only one or two salient aspects of character and they are brought out by placing the characters in different situations and circumstances. The author implies the past and intimates the future of a character by presenting a crucial moment in the life of that character.  Characteristics of One-act Play There is an influence of realism. The characters in the modern one-act play are ordinary men and women. It depicts characters that seem to be real and related to everyday life.  It must present a question, for which the audience eagerly awaits the answer.  Its language is simple and can be followed without any strain. All superfluity is to be avoided in the dialogue. The dialogue must be purposeful; the best dialogue is that which does several things at one time. Every word is to be carefully chosen and sentences must be compact and condensed. Effort should be made to say, whatever is to be said, in the least possible words. STRUCTURE OF ONE-ACT PLAY  Dialogue  Setting Characters  Plot https://youtu.be/gtPtNYBPkMk  Key points tackled in this lesson In conceptualizing the elements for a one-act play, these four basic steps will serve as your guide: make a character chart, list down possible titles, generate the plot then identify the setting.  LESS STAGING MODALITIES ON 4 AND ENVISIONING THE SCRIPT At the end of this lesson, you are expected to explore different staging modalities vis-à-vis envisioning the script  What is Staging? It refers to the performance of a drama or play in a stage. The stage is the area where the actors perform, and it is usually a raised platform. It is essential to understand how to explore different staging modalities vis-a-vis envisioning the script because these give great impact to the performance. Thus, the mode of the stage must be fit to the script or kind of drama or play.  According to Roberts (2017), plays were performed in ancient Greece in amphitheater or arena theater that caters as many as 25,000 audiences. Actors had to perform in a declamatory style since microphones are not yet used during this time. Throughout the history of drama, the architecture of stages has influenced and contributed a lot to the style of drama and vice versa. BASIC TYPES OF STAGING MODALITIES  Proscenium Stage It is also known as picture frame stage since the audience sits in rows facing the stage and they could watch the play as it would regard a large moving picture in a frame just like in cinemas. This is considered as the traditional type of staging wherein a curtain underlines the division of the actors and the audience. In this type of modality, the stage is illuminated during the performance while the audience remained dark. The audience are not disturbed during the play which makes this staging modality successful in giving real- life illusions during the performance.  Traverse Stage also known as alley staging, is a type of staging modality wherein the audience are sitting on the sides of the stage, facing each other just like in a fashion catwalk. This type is appropriate for confrontation scenes but needs dynamic fast-paced entrances. According to Parry (2014), this gives an intimate atmosphere between the actors and the audience since the audience will feel involved to the play. It is not overused and only need minimal productions.  Arena Stage An Arena stage is characterized by a central stage surrounded by audience on all sides. The stage area is also often raised to improve sightlines.  Thrust Stage It is the oldest known fixed type of staging in the world, and it is thousands of years old. This type situates the audience in three sides of the stage (front, left and right wings). Hence, it gives a closer and all-around view of the action  Round/In-the-Round Stage A stage that is positioned at the center of the audience (audience is situated around the whole stage). This creates intimate atmosphere and good for drama. Also, in this case, the audience may feel that they are part of the action and there is a natural performance. It has almost similar, but enhanced features of the thrust stage. Because of its position, it opens to several entrance and exits for the actors and actresses and the audience can see the act in many angles. With this, the set designs must be intricate and must make use of the available spaces. The stage of a drama tells the flow of the play and how it will be presented aside from its dialogue. These two (stage and dialogue) are important elements to bring the characters to life. Writing a one-act play is very limited in terms of its setting and staging so it is necessary to utilize all the available resources. Adams (2014) pointed out that the design of the set can dramatically alter how actors perform in the play. That is why it is important to consider the stage layout that is much easier to follow. Dialogue reveals character. The words of the characters tell much about the character’s social/cultural background, education and emotional/psychological state. In revealing a character through dialogue, a playwright must make important artistic decisions to do with how a character speaks. Each time a character exchanges word determines their identity as the protagonist and antagonist of the story. Dialogue is considered as an important aspect that a playwright has to achieve purposely in order to channel important idea towards the audience.  How to Write a One-act Play? 1. Create an interesting plot. The audience should be able to follow it from the beginning to the end. 2. Decide on your structure. The location of the play should only be limited to be able to translate on stage. 3. Decide how you want it to look Consider the different types of stage and decide which one to use in the play. The author should visualize it when writing. The layout must be easy to follow and the audience must not be distracted. An eye-catching but not distracting backdrop can work better than lots of props on the stage. 4. Know your audience. The playwright should take note of the audience’s age, gender, demographic, class, background, education and others. 5. Create interesting characters. Each of the characters should be unique and easy for the audience to identify.  Stage Directions is written inside round brackets, described how the actors, in the portrayal of their characters, are expected to move, act, and speak. It describe other ‘movements’ on stage such as sound and light effects. A writer must take note that the use of the present tense is observed in writing stage directions. Also, stage directions may be inserted, as deemed fit, before, in- between, or after the lines of the characters (Montenegro-Gasulas et al. 2017).  Although the one-act play is intended to be performed in a very limited time, it must keep the audience given only an average of 30-minute performance time. This may be considered an advantage to some writers because of its shortness in length, producing a well-written one-act play may impose challenges. Solmerano et al. (2017)  Tips in writing a One-act Play? Get to Know One-Act Plays As an aspiring one-act play writer, a good start is through familiarity of one-act plays by reading and watching it. Reading and watching these can help to understand the scope of the play and knowing when and where to place the characters and actions within your play to make it more realistic and interesting without sacrificing the timeframe and set options. Finding and Developing Your Lead Character Since it is only a one-act play, it will only involve a very limited number of people which is normally not more than 4-5 people thus, finding the main character may create problem among writers. In order to create a good one-act play, know your main character including Setting your scenes The limited time of the one-act play also suggest a setting that is few as possible or even limited to only one set. Flexibility is an important factor in any play because it might share set with others. The writer’s task is to make use of the characters’ obstacles and turn these into different scenes.  Key points tackled in this lesson There are four major types of stage. This includes the Proscenium Stage, Thrust Stage, In the Round and Traverse Stage. Each has unique features which also require the playwrights to vary its usage depending on the story, script, characters and the over-all set. The areas of the stage is divided into the Upper Stage, Center Stage, and Down Stage. The center stage is where majority of the acts are done. In writing the script of a one-act play, the playwright must give attention  LESS EXERCISES ON THE ON 5 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA At the end of this lesson, you are expected to write short exercises involving character, dialogue, plot, and other elements of drama  The playwright, when compared to any fiction or poetry writer, does not possess the freedom to tell the readers or the audience directly about his characters. He must unfold it in the story so the words End uttered by the characters in a play are important in the development of the story. A well-formed plot of Middle a play must have a beginning, which is not a necessary consequence of any previous Beginni action, a middle, and an end. The plot should be unified and that ng every element should be tied to the rest of the plot.  The words used in the conversation between and among characters in a play are called dialogue. The dialogue also varies in structure and tone depending on the characters being portrayed in the play specifically on the cultural/socio-economic backgrounds of the character, the educational and the psychological aspects.  Key points tackled in this lesson The story in a drama is revealed in front of an audience. The drama has elements such as the six elements mentioned by Aristotle which include the plot, character, thought, diction, rhythm, and spectacle. All the elements contribute to the flow of the story in a drama. Plot may be presented using the beginning, middle and end or using the Freytag’s pyramid which is composed of the Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action and the Resolution or the Denouement.  LESS SCENE FOR ONE-ACT ON 6 PLAY At the end of this lesson, you are expected to write at least one scene for one-act play applying the various elements, techniques, and literary devices  What is a Scene? Scene in a drama has multiple functions. First, it may refer to actual action that occur in single setting and a specific time in a play. The scene commences as the actor enters the stage which signal the start of the action and it will end when the actor left or go out of the stage and provided the signal to end the action. Oftentimes, the dialogue and action signal the flow of the story from one scene to the other and from one action to the other the plot of the story is completed.  In a script, the scene title is in capital letters accompanied by ordinal numbers. A scene also refers to the scenery or fixtures placed on the stage to provide the atmosphere and environment of a particular scene or piece of action. The scene, as a fixture, reinforces the action and gives it depth and a realistic context. (Celine 2017).  Writing a One-Act Play Generally, the generation today are more acquainted to watching movies, dramas and lengthy films. The flow of stories told in these genres usually are taken in different scenes and settings. However, telling a story may also be done using one act plays. One act plays are stories which are complete but are told in less than an hour and usually take place in a single scene (Contributor, 2019).  The plot should be simpler and there should be a structure The playwright should compose the dialog and visualize the action. There should be a progress of the action all throughout the play.  Create the character sketch before bringing them to life Conceptualize the motive in life of the characters or its lack in motive and make a concrete plan of obstacles where the character faces the central point of the story— the problem.  Infuse the place and the setting of the story Although it is a one-act play and focuses only on one scene, the audience must be able to fully understand the storyline. Highlighting the five senses may help in the creation of the play. The technical aspects of the play must also be planned and that includes the lighting.  Include stage directions stage directions after writing the dialogue It would help if there will be notes on the facial and gestures required among the characters including the props.  Key points tackled in this lesson A scene in a drama occurs in a single setting and in a specific time. It may run for a couple of minutes and usually commences as the actors enter the stage and ends when they exit out of the stage. In writing a one play, (1) the playwright must focus on a single subject, (2) plot should be simpler and must be well-planned, (3) build your character sketch before bringing them to life, (4) create the place and time setting of the story, and (5) include stage directions after writing the dialogue. Thank you