CRAP Quiz #4 PDF

Question 1 The sac enclosing the heart is called pericardium Question 2 Complete obstruction of a blood vessel supplying the heart may cause tissue death or infarct, a condition called myocardial infarction Question 3 The layer of the heart which composes the bulk of the heart muscle and consis...

Question 1 The sac enclosing the heart is called pericardium Question 2 Complete obstruction of a blood vessel supplying the heart may cause tissue death or infarct, a condition called myocardial infarction Question 3 The layer of the heart which composes the bulk of the heart muscle and consists of bands of involuntary striated muscle fibers refers to myocardium Question 4 Contraction of this muscle during systole prevents the AV valves from swinging upward into the atria. This refers to the papillary muscles. Question 5 The valves that separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts are called semilunar valves. Question 6 The backflow of blood through an incompetent or a damaged valve is called regurgitation Question 7 Blood flows through the coronary arteries only during diastole Question 8 This condition may arise as a result of large pericardial fluid accumulating in the cavity surrounding the heart affecting the pumping function of the heart. Cardiac Tamponade Question 9 Regurgitation is the back flow of blood through an incompetent or a damaged valve. Question 10 The heart's own circulatory system is called the coronary system. Question 11 TRUE regarding the heart: Normally, it lies behind the sternum and most of it towards the right from midline. The apex of the heart is formed by the tip of the left ventricle It is a 2 chambered hollow organ The apex of the heart lies at the level of the 6th left intercostal space Question 12 This refers to the layer of the pericardium which covers the outer surface of the heart and great vessels: Epicardium or visceral pericardium Question 13 The free ends of the AV valves are anchored to papillary muscles of the endocardium by these structures called: chordae tendinae cordis Question 14 The arterial blood supply to the heart from the two main coronary arteries comes directly from which of the following? aorta Question 15 This refers to the ability of the heart muscle cells to respond to electrical, chemical, or mechanical stimulation: Excitability Question 16 Conductance vessels refer to the arteries / large arteries Question 17 The vasomotor center and the cardiac centers in the medulla regulate arterial blood pressure in response to signals from special pressure receptors located throughout the body called arterial baroreceptors Question 18 The venous system holds approximately three-quarters of the body’s total blood volume thus they are referred to as capacitance vessels. Question 19 Regulation of the peripheral vascular system is primarily by the Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Question 20 The volume ejected by the left ventricle on each contraction refers to the stroke volume. Question 21 Preload represents the combined force of all the factors that contribute to ventricular wall stretch at the end of diastole. Question 22 Afterload represents the combined force of all of the factors the left ventricle encounters and must overcome when stimulated to contract and achieve the end of systole. Question 23 Contractility represents the amount of systolic force exerted by the heart muscle at any given preload. Question 24 The state of increased contractility is referred to as Positive inotropism. Question 25 Parasympathetic stimulation exerts a negative inotropic effect on the heart and the blood vessels. Question 26 The systemic circulation begins and ends with which of the following structures? Aorta on the left ventricle and ends in the right atrium Question 27 The volume of the blood that remains in the ventricles after systole refers to which of the following? End-systolic Volume (ESV) Question 28 The proportion of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) ejected on each stroke is called Ejection fraction Question 29 The effect of artificial ventilation with positive pressure (PPV) on the thoracic pressure is decreased venous return Question 30 Which is the formula for stroke volume? SV = EDV – ESV Question 31 Which is a true statement regarding Frank-Starling law of the heart? As stretching of the ventricles increases during diastolic filling, the tension (force) within the walls of the heart increases, resulting to greater force of contraction Question 32 With no change in the blood volume, what is the effect of vasodilation (relaxation of the smooth muscles in the arterioles) on the blood pressure? decrease in blood pressure Question 33 An increase in preload will result in which of the following? Increased SV in the healthy heart Question 34 The combined force of all of the factors the left ventricle encounters and must overcome when stimulated to contract and achieve the end of systole is called afterload Question 35 Increased sympathetic activity causes an increase in which of the following, except: decrease in the total peripheral resistance Heart rate Myocardial force of contraction Arterial constriction Question 36 Which is not a correct statement regarding the vascular system? The right side of the heart generates a higher pressure than the left to drive blood through the pulmonary circulation. The systemic circulation is a high pressure, high resistance system The pulmonary circulation is a low pressure, low resistance system The left side of the heart propels blood through systemic circulation to supplies the tissues of the body Question 37 The pulmonary circulation begins and ends with which of the following structures? Pulmonary artery out of the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium Question 38 They control blood flow into the capillaries by varying their flow resistance: smaller arteries Question 39 They maintain a constant exchange of nutrients and waste products for the cells and tissues: capillary system Question 40 There are four mechanisms that combine to aid venous return to the heart; which is not one of these? venous valve incompetence Question 41 The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is regulated by changing which of the following? either or both the volume of the circulating blood and the capacity of the vascular system Question 42 All of the following cause relaxation of the smooth muscle and vasodilation in the systemic circulation, except: High partial pressures of O2 Question 43 The total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute refers to which of the following? Cardiac output Question 44 Which of the following intrinsic control factors affects stroke volume (SV)? Preload, afterload and contractility Question 45 The normal mean arterial pressure (MAP) ranges between which of the following? 80 to 100 mm Hg