Egyptian Civilization - Week 2 Lesson 3 PDF

Sir Karl Brian Marqueza [email protected] Egypt = History Sir Karl Brian T. Marqueza [email protected] Today’s Objectives 1. I can give importance to the Nile River to the development of Ancient Egyptian Civilization. 2. I can differentiate and di...

Sir Karl Brian Marqueza [email protected] Egypt = History Sir Karl Brian T. Marqueza [email protected] Today’s Objectives 1. I can give importance to the Nile River to the development of Ancient Egyptian Civilization. 2. I can differentiate and discuss the three dynastic kingdoms of Egypt Mesopotamia Chinese Indus River Valley Egyptian 3500-2300 BCE 3000 BCE 2500 BCE 3100 BCE  Egypt Ancient Egypt was the birthplace of one of the World’s greatest civilizations. It was far more advanced than European tribes of the same time period, who were still in the Stone Age. Egypt Egypt is known to be as the “Gift of the Nile” It is in the Nile river where communities settled to fish and do agriculture.  Forms of Writing Hieroglyphs Demotic -pictographs used in Rituals -Scripts used in official documents  Early Egypt Early Egyptians lived in villages like in the Mesopotamia. “Nomes” also known as Independent Communities ruled by “ Nomarchs”  Unifying Egypt Differences rose between different Nomes in Upper and Lower Egypt In 3100 BCE, Menes a leader from Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt and made Memphis as his capital. He was known to be as the first Egyptian Pharaoh.  Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Dynastic Periods of EGYPT  Egyptian Periods Old Middle New Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom Old Kingdom Also known as the Pyramid Age. Creation of Pyramids for Pharaohs started to serve as their Final Resting Place. There were at least an estimated of 80 Pyramid Sites that once were built, but some of them no longer stand, perished and lost in the sand. Old Kingdom Pepi II is the last pharaoh of the Old Kingdom, believed to have ruled by the age of 6 and died at the Age of 100, also known as the Longest Reign in the world Middle Kingdom Known as the Foreign Period Ruled by the Hyksos from Asia “Hyksos” means “Princes from foreign land” Taught the Egyptians military skills. Later on the Egyptians drove the Hyksos using the military skills they’ve learned from the foreigners. New Kingdom Known as the Empire Age Expansion of territories to Nubia and Mesopotamia New Kingdom Pharaohs  Queen Hatshepsut – First Female Egyptian Pharaoh  Akhenaton– Shifted to Monotheism, worship of Sun god “Aten” Tutankhamun  Rameses II– Greatest Pharaoh of the New Kingdom Last Egyptian Dynasty Alexander’s Reign After the reign of Rameses III, Egypt was ruled by weak Pharaohs. Alexander the Great claimed Egypt from Persian king Darius.  In the crisis after Alexander’s death, Ptolomy, one of his generals, claimed Egypt as his kingdom and established hereditary rule. The Ptolemaic Dynasty The Nile river is indeed a blessing to the Egyptians. Without it, a thriving civilization may not last long due to its arid climate. Through time, the Egyptians were able to adjust and relate to their environment. I. Egyptian Home Ancient Egyptian dwellings were constructed from bricks and clay and housed large extended families, parents, children, grandparents, uncles, and aunts all live on a single roof. Windows -Egyptian windows were high up the walls to keep out the sun as well as dirt and sand. Basements -These hidden They also serve as air vents. chambers are used for storing food, which included onions, vegetables, radishes, and fruit Roofs -Roofs are used to dry salted meat and fish Kitchen -Cooks did not have coal at their disposal; they only have wood. Meanwhile, those who had animals used the dry excrement as fuel Beverage - Beer which is from Barley is a common drink in Egypt. Wine tough is associated with a noble's drink. Food - Wheat is common agricultural produce that is used to make Bread, Egyptian staple food. Water Supply - Egyptians get water from stone wells or carried every day from the banks of the river. Cleanliness - Women, especially mothers were responsible for washing hands of their family members when getting up or before meals. Bald Heads - Egyptian heads were shaved to avoid issues with lice, as well as to help relieve the heat of the climate. Egyptian royalties do practice endogamy. Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific social group. In the case of the Egyptians, they marry their siblings or cousins. II. Egyptian Agriculture The Egyptians developed basin irrigation. This is when the water rises in the river, Egyptians dug trenches that allow excess water to be trapped on the banks. III. Egyptian Belief System A. Polytheism They worshipped many gods and goddesses Cat goddess named “Bastet” Believed cats to be divine creatures B. Mummification is a process in which the skin and flesh of a corpse can be preserved. C. Amulets Use of scarabs as amulets specially placed for the after life  In Summary Environment