Readings In Philippines History - GE2 PDF

READINGS IN PHILIPPINES HISTORY – GE2 HISTORICAL SOURCES M1-W2  Learning Outcomes At the end of this module, students should be able to: 1. To differentiate primary and secondary sources. 2. To develop critical and analytical skill...

READINGS IN PHILIPPINES HISTORY – GE2 HISTORICAL SOURCES M1-W2  Learning Outcomes At the end of this module, students should be able to: 1. To differentiate primary and secondary sources. 2. To develop critical and analytical skill with exposure to primary sources. 3. To evaluate historical sources for their credibility, authenticity, and provenance 2  Ang DAKILANG LUMPO; APOLINARIO MABINI You don’t If you deserve don’t me at love me my….. at my….. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 HISTORICAL SOURCES Historical source materials can be grouped into four basic categories: ◈ Documents – are written printed materials that have been produced in one form or another sometime in the past. ◈ Numerical Records - include any type of numerical data in printed or handwritten form ◈ Oral Statements – include any form of statement made orally by someone. ◈ Relics – are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some 10 Image is from_https://historygcp.wordpress.c om/wp- content/uploads/2012/01/lo17_prim ary-v-secondary.jpg/ Retrieved 8/18/2024 11 Primary Sources Types of Primary Sources Primary sources give first hand, original, and unfiltered information. ◈ Autobiographies & Memoirs ◈ Diaries Personal letters, and Correspondence ◈ Interviews, Surveys and Fieldwork ◈ Photographs and poster ◈ Works of art and literature ◈ Speeches and oral histories 12 Primary Sources Healey Library (2020). Primary Sources are immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct connection. These are sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied. 13 Primary Sources For example, if a historian wishes to study the Commonwealth Constitution Convention of 1935, his primary sources can include the minutes of the convention, newspaper clippings, Philippine Commission reports of the U.S. Commissioners, records of the convention, the draft of the Constitution, and even photographs of the event 14 Repositories of Primary Sources 1. A Library 2. An Archive 3. A Museum 4. A Historical Society 15  Secondary Sources Secondary sources are one step removed from the topic. While they can be as valuable as primary sources, you must remember that secondary sources information is filtered through someone else’s perspective and may be biased. Types of Secondary Sources Bibliographies Biographical Works Periodicals Literature Reviews and Review Articles 16 ◈ Harvard Library (2020). Secondary sources were created by someone who did not experience first- hand or participate in the events or conditions. Sources, which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material. ◈ In other words, secondary sources are historical sources, which studied a certain historical subject 17 Secondary Sources For example Philippine Revolution of 1896, students can read Teodoro Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan published originally in 1956. The Philippine Revolution happened in the last years of the nineteenth century while Agoncillo published his work in 1956, which makes the Revolt of the Masses a secondary source. 18 ◈ According to Marwick (n.d.) primary and secondary source should not be confusing to the students. the classification of sources between primary and secondary depends not on the period when the source was produced or the type of the source but on the subject of the historical research. 19 Tertiary Sources Tertiary sources provide third-hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary sources. This does not mean that tertiary sources have no value, merely that they include the potential for an additional layer or bias. Types of Tertiary Sources ◈ General references such as dictionaries, encyclopaedias, almanacs, and atlas ◈ Crowd sources Wikipedia, YouTube, message boards, and social media sites like Facebook and Instagram Search Sites 20 ◈ EXTERNAL CRITICISM AND INTERNAL CRITICISM 21 If you don’t know history, then you don’t know anything. You are a leaf that doesn’t know it is a part of a tree.” – Michael Crichton 22  EXTERNAL CRITICISM External Criticism is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it as produced; and the materials used for the evidence. (Fraenkel &Wallen, n.d.) 23 Examples ◈ Things that will be examined when conducting external criticism of a document include the quality of the paper, the type of the ink, and the language and words used in the material, among other 24  INTERNAL CRITICISM Internal Criticism is the examination of truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production. It looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, its context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and its intended purpose, among others. (Fraenkel &Wallen, n.d.) 25 Examples ◈ Code of Kalantiaw – American Historian William Henry Scott ◈ World War II – Guerilla Unit Called Maharlika 26 ◈ According to Van Straaten et. al (2016). States that the task of the historian is to look at the available historical sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for history and for the subject matter that he is studying 27 Philippine Historiography 28 Philippine historiography underwent several changes since the pre-colonial period until the present. Ancient Filipinos narrated their history through communal songs and epics that they passed orally from a generation to another. When the Spaniards came, their chroniclers started recording their observations through written accounts. 29 Zeus Atayza Salazar (born April 20, 1934) is a Filipino historian, anthropologist, and philosopher of history, best known for pioneering an emic perspective in Philippine history called Pantayong Pananaw (The "We" Perspective), earning him the title "Father of New Philippine Historiography." He is a major player in the indigenization campaign in the Philippines. Salazar spent 30 years teaching at University of the Philippines Diliman and held both history department chair and college dean position. (Wikipedia) “Ang Bathala,” sining ni Charlemagne John “Jojo” Chua mula sa kuhang larawan ni Xiao Chua from Xiaochua.net. 30 This lesson differentiate primary and secondary sources. Attention was focused on the use of primary sources by putting them into perspective on some historical narratives in order to shed light on some historical issues. It illustrated the use of primary source in providing the meaning and significance in our understanding of Philippine History 31 32 THANKS YOU! Any Questions? Activity 34