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1ST Term SOCIAL STUDIES Topic 1: Introduction to Contemporary Issues Contemporary Issues Contemporary issues refer to the current events and problems that are facing the society today. These issues are diverse and can range from social, economi...

1ST Term SOCIAL STUDIES Topic 1: Introduction to Contemporary Issues Contemporary Issues Contemporary issues refer to the current events and problems that are facing the society today. These issues are diverse and can range from social, economic, and environmental issues. Contemporary issues mean that everyone is affected. Examples: COVID-19, Climate Change, Economic Inequality Controversial Issues A controversial issue is one which results in dispute and disagreement due to a difference of opinion. Current Issue A current issue is something happening right now that affects a specific group or society at large. These issues are often controversial, with strong opinions on all sides. *** The West Philippine Sea is a current issue because it is ongoing. It is also a controversial issue because many are giving opinion about it. - UNCLOS indicates that the West Philippine Sea belongs to the Philippines, while the 9-dash line says the West Philippine Sea belongs to China Types of Contemporary Issues: 1. Social Issues It refers to issues related to social inequality, discrimination, and access to basic needs, such as healthcare, education, and housing. It involves the welfare of the people Example: Racism, Discrimination, Education, Housing 2. Economic Issues It refers to issues related to economic growth, income inequality, and unemployment Example: War, Inflation Topic 2: Environmental and Economic Issues Calamity Disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering, calamities of nature Comes from the Latin word “calamitatem” meaning suffering caused by being unlucky or losing Example: Flood (due to deforestation) Natural Disaster Refers to extreme and catastrophic events caused by natural processes or forces, resulting in significant damage, destruction, and loss of life. Unexpected natural events Example: Volcanic Eruption, Earthquake There are numerous geographical factors that cause the Philippines The Philippines is part of the typhoon belt in the Pacific Ocean, which explains why there are at least 20 typhoons that pass the country annually. The Philippines is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and this is why eruption of volcanoes and earthquake are common in the country. United Nations Peace, prosperity The Philippines is part of the UN Established the 17 SDGs, which aim to be achieved by 2030 Topic 3: Partner Agencies of the Government during Disaster NDRRMC and its partner from the local government (PDRMMC) coordinate with other local agencies. and international governments in times of disasters. They directly give the president updates on the status and actions being done by the said agencies to properly respond to the situation. To better understand this, the said agencies are grouped based on the Four Priority Areas of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) Four Priority Areas of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) PRIORITY #1 PREVENTION AND MITIGATION DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOST) - the main goal of DoST is to create rules, plan, and budget to prevent disaster and inform the affected areas of the said disasters. PHILIPPINE ATMOSPHERIC, GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTRONOMICAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (PAGASA) - It is the national meteorological and hydrological organization of the Philippines, responsible for providing weather forecasts, flood warnings, and other related services. PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY (PHIVOLCS) shall be responsible for forecasting volcanic eruptions and earthquakes and determine how they occur and what areas are likely to be affected. DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE (DOF) - is in charge of assessing the funds needed in preparation for disasters and in making sure that in times of disaster, affected areas have access and would be able to use this financial assistance. DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE - evaluates maps, and assess the danger areas. It supervises, monitors, and evaluates the implementation of disaster management programs to ensure their effectiveness. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH) - is responsible in restoring and clearing vital access roads and bridges and reconstructing or rehabilitating damaged. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR)-is responsible for informing the public of ways on how to preserve and protect the environment so that dangers posed by natural man- made disaster would be minimized. PRIORITY #2: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PHILIPPINE INFORMATION AGENCY (PIA) - Informs the public and increases their capacity to act accordingly and respond immediately in times of disaster. These are done in the form of infomercials on radio and television. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (DEPED) and COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED) - requires schools to prepare for disasters through annual earthquake and fire drills by their students and employees. Schools also serve as evacuation centers in times of disasters. PRIORITY #3 DISASTER RESPONSE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD) - It is the primary government agency mandated to develop, implement and coordinate social protection and poverty-reduction solutions for and with the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH) - is mandated to be the overall technical authority on health. The DoH provides survivors their health and psychological needs. PHILIPPINE RED CROSS - provide hot meals, snacks and water served as shelters or from Red Cross emergency response vehicles in affected neighborhoods. Moreover, Speedier search rescue, and recovery of the victim’s body. PRIORITY #4 REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA) - serve as a main agency in charge of coordinating with different government agencies after receiving news from OCD on its assessment of the total cost of damages, losses, and needs of the people. DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY (DTI) - implements price freezing or they control the increase in the price of goods so that hoarding or the illegal storing of a big amount of goods, can be prevented. Department of Public Works and Highway (DPWH) / Department of Transportation and Communication - prioritize the repair of damaged infrastructures, electric, water, and telecommunication lines. Government Programs on Disaster Risk Mitigation Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 aims to strengthen the Disaster Risk Reduction Management of the country. National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Center (NDRRMC) and its partner from the local government Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Center (PDRRMC) coordinate with other local agencies and international governments in times of disaster. They directly give the President updates on the status and actions of said agencies to properly respond to the situation. ***Kyoto Protocol - was an international agreement that called for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions significantly.