Contemporary World Past Paper PDF 2024-2025

The Contemporary World S.Y. 2024 - 2025 | 1st Sem | MWF ➔ Historical analysis = origins, growth and implications: provides more comprehensive PRELIMS OUTLINE...

The Contemporary World S.Y. 2024 - 2025 | 1st Sem | MWF ➔ Historical analysis = origins, growth and implications: provides more comprehensive PRELIMS OUTLINE look ➔ It began in ancient times, when people and Contemporary World communities first started exchanging goods I. Globalization and sharing knowledge and cultural practices II. Glocalization ➔ Studying globalization helps in understanding differences and similarities among various III. Global North and Global South nations of the world IV. Theories V. International Groups (See M2 - Post Globalization (Contemporary World) Task) ➔ Describes the growing interdependence of the world’s economy, cultures, and population brought about by across the border trade in goods and services, technology, flows of KEY TERMS investments, people and information ➔ Allows many goods to be more affordable and ☆ SDG - Sustainable Development Goals available to more parts of the world. ➔ It helps improve productivity, cut back ☆ Globalization - describe how trade and gender-wage discrimination, give more technology have made the world into a more opportunities to women and improve working connected and interdependent place conditions and quality of management, especially in developing countries ☆ Global North - developed countries Who made Globalization possible? ☆ Global South - poor or marginalized ➔ Peter Sutherland (Father of Globalization) countries ➔ Born in Dublin (1946) ➔ Former Irish Attorney General and European Commissioner Globalization ◆ Ireland’s youngest attorney general: age of 35 ◆ Youngest European commissioner: Quotes in discussion laid groundwork for the European single market ➔ It has evolving set of consequences (good, ➔ Also a former director-general of the World bad, unintended) Trade Organization ➔ Global education is not a zero-sum game ◆ Traveled to hammer out multilateral ➔ This has changed us into a company that trade agreements searches the world, not just to sell or to ➔ Active in the private sector source ◆ Chairman of oil giant BP & Gold ➔ Bill Gates: I really had a lot of dreams when I Sachs International was a kid, and I think a great deal of that grew ◆ A member of the Foundation Board at out of the fact that I had a chance to read a lot World Economic Forum ➔ For the past 10 years, served as the UN Defining Globalization Special Rep for International Migration ➔ According to IMF (International Monetary Fund): it is a historical process, the result of Glocalization human innovation and technological progress ◆ Increasing integration of economies What is glocalization? around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows ➔ Glocalization means to think global, but act local. MEYA | TCW REVIEWER ➔ Mantra: Global template; local adaptations. ➔ Government Policy ➔ The term was popularized by sociologist: ➔ Competition Roland Robertson ★ Yip (1995) Defining Glocalization ➔ Underlying conditions in each industry that ➔ This means that a product or service that is affect is globalization potential for firms to usually distributed globally is adjusted to fit set a global; strategy and compete the needs of the local market. (Philippine worldwide setting) ➔ Glocalization offers strategic opportunities for both businesses and countries to perceive Globalization in Education both the advantages and disadvantages of globalization as business and social ➔ Within higher education context, glocalization opportunities. refers to the exchange of cultural wealth ➔ Culture and product diversities are inevitable, among learners and teachers to inform and given the geographical regions enhance higher education pedagogical ➔ Example: Mountain Province in the North and practice Agusan del Norte in the South of the country are absolutely differentiated. ➔ Glocalization is a big investment but it will pay ★ Globalization and Education great dividends. It will give companies wider access to a bigger target market in different ➔ People around the world are more cultures. connected with each other. There is a need ➔ Although global products are standardized to of understanding interaction of human meet the needs of mass audiences, a society and environment all the more “glocalized” product performs better because ➔ Education in global society has greater localization makes it better suited to the responsibility of shaping preferred futures specific environment and needs of a local of the students market ➔ Liberalization and privatization has changed ➔ A local event can impact the global market in the education scenario of today the same manner that a global event can have ➔ Exploration of change, interdependence, a big relevance to the economy of the local identity and diversity, rights and market. responsibilities, peace building, poverty and ➔ This helps multinational companies to grow wealth, sustainability and global justice are and gain trust of the people of particular key areas where education has to play vital regions. roles. ➔ So, glocalization helps in connecting with the ➔ Developing skills of cooperation, shared consumers of that region on an emotional responsibility, critical thinking, level and also leverage its global position. This communication is the most important aspect that leads to the ➔ Positive and responsible values and success of the company. attitudes and orientation to active participation Examples Types of Globalization ➔ Mc Donald’s: glocalized products around the world 9 Types of Globalization ➔ Whirlpool: fashions products for foreign markets ➔ According to Manfred Steger ➔ Coca-cola: wins over Filipino audiences ➔ Professor of Global Studies ➔ Starbucks: glocalizes food and drinks for Indian customers ➔ MTV: learns why they have got to glocalize Economic Refers to the interconnectedness Globalization of economies through economic 5 Groups of “Industry Globalization Drivers” trade and exchange of resources ➔ Technology ➔ Market ➔ Cost MEYA | TCW REVIEWER Social Refers to sharing of ideas and Globalization information between and through By definition, mean the different countries integration of financial markets of ❖ Popular Films: Harry all countries of the world into one. Potter, Twilight, Star Wars ❖ Books: The Lord of the Technological Speeded in large part by Rings, Harry Potter, The Globalization technological diffusion, the Little Prince, Alice in spread of technology across Wonderland borders. ❖ TV Series: The Game of Thrones, Stranger Things, The Walking Dead While the diffusion of information technologies has the potential to Political Refers to the amount of political resolve many global social Globalization cooperation that exists between problems, it is often the different countries population most in need that is most affected by the digital Cultural Concerned with the transmission divide. Globalization of ideas, meanings, and values to intensify social relations Geographical Territorial issues may cause Globalization disputes among nations which Ideological May refer to ideologies of may affect globalization. Globalization globalization: ❖ Market globalism - Neglected places are typically the promises a consumerist, resources or the natural places neoliberal, and free that were not utilized in a proper market world way. ❖ Justice globalism - envisages a global civil society with fairer More on Globalization relationships and environmental safeguards ➔ Globalization changes the way nations, ❖ Religious globalism - businesses, and people interact strive for religious ➔ It changes the nature of economic activity community with among nations, expanding trade, opening superiority over secular structures global supply chains, and providing access to natural resources and labor markets Ecological Global alliances on ecological ➔ There are theories on globalization Globalization issues. Refers to global issue: ❖ Population growth World Systems Theory ❖ Access to food ❖ Worldwide reduction in ➔ Created by Immanuel Wallerstein (1970s) biodiversity ➔ A theory that the world exists as a single ❖ The gap between the rich socio-economic system made up of core, and the poor periphery, and semi-periphery regions ➔ Focuses on the importance of the world as a Can also mean environmental globalization: practices regarding unit rather that looking at individual countries: environmental protection Core, periphery, semi-periphery ➔ Claims that rich core capitalist society This dimension explains the succeeded by exploiting poorer peripheral inexorable link between humanity ones and planet earth ➔ It is a socio-economic and political approach that explains economic development and Financial Refers to the increasing global dynamics of capitalist world economy Globalization linkages created through analyzing the mechanisms of international cross-border financial flows. market trade, economic division of labor between core and periphery regions, and interests of capitalist class in markets Financial integration - individual country’s linkages to international Regions capital markets. MEYA | TCW REVIEWER 1 Core Areas ◆ It has become a prerequisite to anyone looking for a higher status in society ➔ Technologically advanced and industrialized ➔ Paved the way for Filipinos to forget what is capitalist nations/regions local or traditional in our culture ○ USA, Canada ◆ Literature: Moro-moro, bugtong (riddles), kundiman, sarsuela 2 Periphery Areas ◆ Sports/Games: Tumbang preso, luksong tinik, arnis, sabong, squid ➔ Poor countries that primarily subsist by games exporting primary products ◆ Tradition: Harana online, Bingo online ○ Insert example ➔ It has established growth and access to the internet; most Filipinos spend more time on 3 Semi-Periphery Areas online games and social media ➔ Due to globalization, the names of FIlipinos ➔ Countries that act as the periphery to core like Kenneth Cobonpue and Monica Lhuillier, countries, and core to the countries on the whose designs and ideas brought periphery international recognition and acclamation to ○ Insert example the Philippines and thereby caught attention of foreigners and Hollywood Stars Effects of Globalization The World is Flat Advantages Why does Thomas Friedman say the world is flat? ➔ Higher standard of living ➔ Access to new market ➔ Access to new talent ➔ This is in the sense that the competitive ➔ Promotes peace playing fields between industrial and emerging ➔ Improves productivity markets are leveling. ➔ Increased flow of capital ➔ He defines globalization as the world ➔ Better products at lower prices integration of finance markets, nations states ➔ Collaboration and shared resources and technologies within a free market ➔ Cross-cultural exchange capitalism on a scale never before ➔ Spread of knowledge and Technology experienced ➔ Quick technological advances ➔ “When the world is flat, you can innovate ➔ Increased household income without having to emigrate.” ➔ Increased open-mindedness and tolerance Most important skills in today’s globalized Disadvantages world ➔ Unequal economic growth ➔ Critical thinking and problem solving ➔ Lack of local businesses ➔ Collaboration across networks and leading by ➔ Increases potential global recessions influence ➔ Exploits cheaper labor market ➔ Agility and adaptability ➔ Causes job displacement ➔ Initiative and entrepreneurialism ➔ New risks and uncertainties ➔ Effective oral and written communication ➔ Intensification of competition ➔ Accessing and analyzing information ➔ High degree of imitation ➔ Curiosity and imagination ➔ Price and profit swings ➔ Business and product destruction 10 Flatteners ➔ The fall of the Berlin wall - end of communism Globalization effects in the Philippines leads to democratic free market governments ➔ One of the most apparent effects is the use of ➔ The World Wide Web and the internet - save, English as a means to be globally competitive, retrieve, send and share intellectual content but it has undervalued our own native ➔ Workflow software.- collaborate/work language remotely ➔ Uploading.- downloading free off the web MEYA | TCW REVIEWER ➔ Outsourcing.-call center operations performed consultations about threats and defense by companies at low cost matters. ➔ Offshoring.- moves entire operation to another location ➔ Supply chaining - collab among suppliers, retailers, customers ➔ Insourcing - SM companies provides to large supply chains without prohibitive expense ➔ Informing - universal access to knowledge from world's libraries ➔ Wireless Connectivityintellectual content electronically - wireless access and content are digitized, shared remotely and reshaped World Affairs Warsaw Pact ➔ Also known as the EASTERN BLOC ➔ A political and military defense treaty established in 1995 as the Armed forces of the memebr states. ➔ Headed by Russia, it aimed to reinforce communist dominance in Eastern Europe which remained intact until 1991 ➔ It is a collective treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe: Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ➔ Also known as the WESTERN BLOC ➔ It is led by the USA ➔ Its purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. ➔ POLITICAL PURPOSE: NATO promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defiance and security-related issues to solve problems, build trust, and prevent conflict in the long run. ➔ NATO is comprised of 12 countries: United States Canada Belgium Denmark France Italy Luxemburg Norway Portugal United Kingdom ➔ All members of the organization agreed to consider an attack against all, along with MEYA | TCW REVIEWER EXTRA TEMPLATES: Text ★ Text ➔ Text 1.0 Text ➔ Text ○ Text Term 1 Description ❖ Example Term 2 Description ❖ Example COLOR PALETTE