Cont-of-Unit-1.-Management-Theories.pdf

Management Theories -continuation of Unit 1-  AgExt 43  Management of Extension Programs -Prepared by: ANGEL ROSE C. TAMAYO Course Facilitator  Management Theories  1. Scientific Management Theory – Frederi...

Management Theories -continuation of Unit 1-  AgExt 43  Management of Extension Programs -Prepared by: ANGEL ROSE C. TAMAYO Course Facilitator  Management Theories  1. Scientific Management Theory – Frederick W. Taylor espoused the careful specification and measurement of all organizational tasks. Workers were rewarded and punished.  2.Bureaucratic Management Theory- Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory with his bureaucratic theory. He divides organizations into hierarchies, establish strong lines of authority and control and develop detailed standard operating procedures for all routinized tasks.  3.Behavioral Theory- Elton Mayo focused on human element in the organization. Its primary emphasis on improving management through understanding the psychological makeup of people. The theory X and Y of McGregor is categorized under the behavioral theory.  4. System Theory- asserts that when managers make a decision, they must take into account all aspect of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand.  5.Chaos Theory- emphasizes the idea that small changes in initial conditions can lead to significant and unpredictable outcomes. In management, this principle encourages leaders to be attentive to minor fluctuations in the organization’s environment and to anticipate potential ripple effects.  6.Team Building Theory- emphasizes quality circles, best practices and continuous improvement. It mainly hinges on reliance on teamwork and emphasizes flattening of management pyramid and reducing the levels of hierarchy.  7. Contingency Theory- emphasizes that there is no ones best way to manage people or work. A method that leads to high productivity or morale in one situation may not achieve the same results in another. It is derived from the leadership aspect of the behavioral school and from common sense.  8. Total Quality Management- is a quality improvement body of methodologies that are customers- based and service oriented which was first developed in Japan. The continual process of detecting and eliminating manufacturing errors, streamlining supply chains, improving the customer experience, and ensuring employees are fully trained. Theory X' and 'Theory Y  Theory X' and 'Theory Y' are theories of human motivation and management. They were created and developed by Douglas McGregor in 1960s. These theories describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development.  According to the models, the two opposing sets of general assumptions of how workers are motivated form the basis for two different managerial styles. Theory X stresses the importance of strict supervision, external rewards, and penalties. In contrast, Theory Y highlights the motivating role of job satisfaction and encourages workers to approach tasks without direct supervision.  In comparison to "Theory X", "Theory Y" adds more of a democratic and free feel in the work force allowing the employee to design, construct, and publish their works in a timely manner in co- ordinance to their work load and projects. A study was done to analyze different management styles over professors at a Turkish University.  This study found that the highly supervised Theory X management affected the research performance of the academics negatively. In general, the study suggests that the professional setting and research based work that professors perform are best managed with Theory Y styles. Thank you very much for listening May Our Almighty God bless us all!