Conditionals - True, Real & Unreal PDF

conditionals: true, real and unreal always true (zero conditional) il X happens, Y happens These sentences describe what always happens in certain circumstances eg scientific facts. present simple present simple When / Jf you press the switch, the light comes on. real conditions (conditional 1) if X...

conditionals: true, real and unreal always true (zero conditional) il X happens, Y happens These sentences describe what always happens in certain circumstances eg scientific facts. present simple present simple When / Jf you press the switch, the light comes on. real conditions (conditional 1) if X happens, Y will happen These sentencesdescribe what the speaker thinks will possibly happen as a consequence of a real situatior will future present simple Jf we do not deal with the global warming problem, temperatures will rise. If we leave now, we'lI catch the bus. If we don't leave now, we won't catch it. In informal speech, we often use going to instead of will. If you don't take an umbrella, you're going to get wet. We also use might or can / could in place of will. See Unit 25 We can also use imperatives in real conditions. If you don 't knowa word, look it up in the dictionary Sentences beginning Jf you will... are only used when will means insist, or is used as a polite form. If you will stay up 50 late, then of course you'll feel tired. (insist) If you'lI wait here, I'/Isee if the manager is ready (polite) unfess Unless means only if not. We use it when we say that if something does not happen, something else will happen. Unless we deal with the global warming problem, average temperatures will rise. provided, as fong as + present simple Provided and as long as mean only if. Provided / as long as we reduce energy consumption, we can slow down global warming. in case + present simple This describes a possible situation we want to be prepared for. Take an umbrel/a in case it rains. unreal conditions (conditional 2) if X happened, Y would happen These sentences describe what the speaker thinks would happen in an imaginary situation. past simple would + verb If you were on Venus, you would see the Sun rise in the west. ·1· What would happen if the Earth stopped turning? If the Earth didn't have a Moon, there wouldn't be any tides. The past simple tense we use in an if-sentence does not describe past time, but unreal time. We also use might or could in place of would. See Unit 25. if f were you fi We give advice with If I were you. I wouldn't do that, if I were you. ar If I were you, I wouldn't do that. -eal or unreal? ;'is depends on the situation of the speaker, or what the speaker is thinking. For example, we're in the classroom. There are some heavy tables. I think a friend is going to lift them. I give a warning. 'Ii you try to lift those tables on your own, you'lI hurt yourself ' Same situation. Nobody is thinking of lifting the tables. I make a comment. Those tables look heavy' li you tried to lift them, you'd hurt yourself' Complete the answers using the word or words in capitals. BOIL a What happens when you heat water to 100°C? If you..h~alLAJale.rlDIOO°c,..ilboiIS b What does water tum into when you boil it? If you c What happens when you cool the steam? If you d What Ifyou e What Ifyou f What If you 2 STEAM TURNSBACK happens when you heat a piece of metal?.. happens when you freeze a piece of metal? EXPANDS happens when you freeze water?..... EXPANDS Use the words to complete an if-sentence about solutions to environmental CONTRACTS problems. Solution A - recycle paper, metal and glass a everyone / recycle paper / companies / not cut down so many trees l'+.~V~rtjovt~..r~ct:Jd~S..pap~r,..coMpt1\'J.i~S..LAJD\'J.)l..cul..dOLAJvt SD..Ma\'J.'1..lr~e5, b everyone / recycle metal and glass / we not waste valuable resources c everyone / recycle paper, metal and glass / we not produce so much rubbish. re a; lC Solution B - tum oft lights, don 't drive 50 much, insulate your house d everyone / tum off unwanted lights / save a lot of electricity :::::s "'O C re e everyone / walk or cycle / not waste so much oil and petrol f everyone / insulate their houses / not waste so much energy for heating re a; la;" :::::s l- +-' V'l Solution C - use renewable energy g countries use more wind and wat er power, not depend so much on power stations h countries use power stations less, cause less air pollution re C O +-' "'O C O u G 3 Use the prompts to complete the question. Then choose the most likely answer. Check the factual answers on page 208. a what / happen if you / travel through the Earth to the other side?...tl}hal....wQuld..harp~Yl..if.'1ou..l.raveAI~d......l.hrQuqh..l.he,..~arl.h..l.o.l.he,..Ql.he,c.... sidd.. b what / happen if the Earth suddenly stop / going round? c what / happen if we not / have a Moon? d what / happen if a11the ice at the poles / melt? e what / happen if there be / no more electricity? t what / happen if aliens receive / messages from Earth and decide / to visit us? A Yau Therewauld wauldf/ynat betheany a A aut They wouldn't know r away. would (all. C Sea levels would rise. because the Emth's core is hat. light The and It The Yau Earth wauld fires wauld Sun world wauld (or wauld stmt would (all heat. maving spin ta graw be the mare athe stranger. centre sa(er insame. the slawly place. B millians appasite C our wauld B They Even Sea People They This messages wauldn o(years, directian keep levels wauld wouldn't i( would the maving! wauld 'tanyway. Earth be arrive as use impassible they understand stay stapped, candles (or (or we and then stap. ~ 4A Rewrite each sentence so that it contains unfess or as fong as and begins as shown. a Ii you don't tra in hard, you won't succeed in sport. You wonll...suc,ce,e,d..iY\.. spQcl !,J,YlI~SS..t:lQulcaj!'\..hard b Ii you train regularly, you can improve YOllI performance. You can improve... c Ii you enjoy YOllI sport, it doesn't rea11ymatter whether you succeed or not. It doesn't rea11ymatter.. G d Ii you don't eat and sleep properly you won't develop as an athlete. You won't.. B Rewrite each sentence 50 that it contains in case. e Take a spare pair of running shoes, because it's possible that you will need them. Take a spare pair of running shoes. f Take a waterproof coat with you because it's possible that it will rain. Take a waterproof coat with you.. g take a warm jumper because it's possible that you will get cold when you stop. Take a warm jumper.. h Take a first-aid kit because it's possible that someone will get injmed. Take a first-aid kit 5 Use the words to complete the conditional if-sentence. Use an always true, real or unreal conditional to suit the meaning. a Scientists are planning a way of writing extremely smallletters, using xenon (Xe) atoms. If you (use)4S.e-,L this system, you (be able) to write ten copies of the BibIe on the area of a postage stamp. b Humans are among the few animals to have colom vision. If you (be) for example, you (see) everything in black and white. a horse, c The brain works in two parts, the left side and the right side. Scientists can put one side of the brain to sleep, and see what happens. For example, if they (tum off) the right side of the patient's brain, the patient (not be able)........to sing, because musical ability comes from the right side of the brain. d Beetles are one of the most numerous species on the planet. In fact, if other insects and animals (not eat)..... beetles, in about a year and a half the beetle population (weigh)... as much as the whole Earth! e Parts of the body send messages to other parts of the body when they have to do things. For example, if you (not have).... enough water in yom body the brain (let)..you know that you need more, by making you feel thirsty. f If you (look)... inside yom own eye at the images there, they (be).. upside down, and they (be).....moving. g If you (smoke)...., chemical changes (take place) in yom cells, which do not receive enough oxygen and die. h The world's oceans contain huge amounts of salt. In fact, if you (remove).... all the salt from the oceans, you (be able) to use it to build a wall about 300 km wide and a kilometre tall all around the Earth! co OJ l.... C ::::l "'O C CO =. ·EXTE~Slcg'N·tAf]?I\i!.j~~t=~h~tl.;D~"_......·c CO OJ l.... 1 Write five sentences about your life which begin 2 Write a list of eight interesting scientific facts youfound in this unit, which begin If... Need more practice? Go to the Review on page 792. Un/ess I... OJ~ ::::l l.... +-' V\ CO C O +-' "'O C O u fa