Plant Needs and Photosynthesis Concepts PDF

Concept 1.1 L1. plant needs What does the plant need to grow? 1. Water. 2. Air (Carbon dioxide) 3. Sunlight. 4. Nutrients (soil). A plant in a different stage of growth: The plants turn from seed - seedling - mature tree Note: Plants, Human and animals need fo...

Concept 1.1 L1. plant needs What does the plant need to grow? 1. Water. 2. Air (Carbon dioxide) 3. Sunlight. 4. Nutrients (soil). A plant in a different stage of growth: The plants turn from seed - seedling - mature tree Note: Plants, Human and animals need food to gain energy and nutrients to live and grow.  Plant food: Plants make their own food inside plant leaves by photosynthesis process. Plant`s food is a type of sugar called (glucose). Roots of plants absorb water and nutrients from soil, then they reach leaves through the stem. L.2: Do plants need soil? Germination: means that the plant sprouts and begins to grow from a seed. (21)  plants need Basic Need Carbon Sunlight Water dioxide Not basic Need Soil Oxygen Sugar Photosynthesis: The process by which the green parts of plants (leaves) use the energy of sunlight to make their own food. Sunlight+ Carbon Dioxide +Water => Sugar+ Oxygen  Steps of Photosynthesis process. 1. Leaves collect sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air. 2. Plant roots absorb water from the soil. 3. Inside leaves: sunlight allows carbon dioxide to combine with water to produce: - Oxygen which is released in the air helping living organisms breathe. - Glucose sugar (the food of plant) which gives the plant the energy it needs to grow.  Effect of light on plant growth (24):  If we have two plants, one of them placed in sunlight and the other in the darkness for two weeks: Plant in presence of light Plant in absence of light Tall. Short More leaves. Less number of leaves Dark green color Pale green color  Sunlight, water, air and nutrients are basic needs for plants.  The plant without sunlight doesn't grow well because it has less food. Plants without light do not grow well. G.R? Because plants use the energy of light to make their own food.  L3: parts of plants There are three main parts of plant: Stems Roots Leaves 1.Roots Roots have hair-like structures called (root hairs) , to increase the amount of absorbed water and nutrients. Function: 1. Fixing plant in the soil. 2. Absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.  2.Stem It has vessels called (xylem) Smaller vessels of xylem connect the stem to leaves. Function: 1. Transport water and nutrients from roots to the rest of plant by xylem. 2. Support leaves and flowers. Forms of stems: Wood stem Upright stem Climb stems Tubers Runners:  1- Wood stems like tree trunks and shrubs. 2- Upright stem like most flowers. 3- Climb stems like vines and grapes. 4- Tubers: type of stems that extend Underground like potato. 5- Runners: type of stems that extend above and along the ground. (strawberry) Xylem Phloem Transfer water and nutrient Transport food downward, from roots to other plant’s from leaves to the other parts part. of the plant.  3.Leaves Called the factory of food. Leaves have a green color, due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll: captures the energy from the sunlight. Leaves have tiny pores on the surface, called Stomata Stomata: are tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow gases to move into and out of the plant. Function: Making food for plants by photosynthesis process. Kinds of leaves: 2. Narrow leaves 1. Flat, wide leaves. (needle leaves of pine tree). Notes: Roots, xylem and smaller vessels of xylem help leaves to get water and nutrients from soil. Leaves produce nutrients such as (sugar – starches – fats – proteins) during photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis process. 1. The root absorbs water and mineral salts (nutrients) and move them to stem then leaves 2. The leaves (chlorophyll) absorb the energy from the sun light to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce: glucose sugar, fats and protein that help the plant to survive oxygen gas that animal and human need to breathe Up the stem (33) If we put a plant in colored water (blue), The stem of the plant turns into the same color water (blue) Xylem vessels transport water and nutrients from the plant roots to its leaves and flowers through stem.  L4. Plant and human systems:  Humans and plants need water and air to live and grow. 1- Plants: 2- Humans: Energy Plants get the energy Humans must eat food from glucose and digest it to get (plant`s sugar) energy and nutrients. during Nutrients are absorbed photosynthesis. into the blood. Gases Through (stomata) Air enters the body pass in leaves. through the nose and mouth then to lungs. Inside lungs: oxygen is absorbed into circulating blood.  Human circulatory system: - 1- It is the system that transport oxygen and Nutrients through the blood to body cells. 2- It consists of heart and blood vessels. 1. Heart: Its function: pumping blood to all body cells then receive it again. (blood circulation) Its structure: - It consists of four (4) champers: - - Two upper called atria. - Two lower called ventricle 2. Blood vessels: - There are three different types of vessels: - 1. Arteries: - Carry blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients from the heart to body cells. 2. Veins. - Carry blood that is rich in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen and nutrients back to the heart then to lungs where the blood carries oxygen again.  Blood is a fluid that moves in one direction in arteries or veins. 3. Blood capillaries: Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins.  Transport system in plants (vascular system) It is like the circulatory system in humans. It contains one-way vessels that transport the important materials between different parts of a plant. Vessels of transport system are: 1. Xylem: that transport water and nutrients from roots to the leaves. 3. Phloem: that transport sugar from leaves to other parts of plant. Similarities between Plant transport system and Human circulatory system: 1. Both have one-way vessels. 2. Both are responsible for transporting water, nutrients and gases.  Flowers and seeds. Flowers have different shape, size and color: 1. Large colorful. 2. Very small (grasses) 3. Not very colorful. Flowers: Are the reproductive organs of many plants. Plant reproduction: The process of making a new plant. Function of flowers: - Producing seeds that help plants to reproduce. Seeds can grow into new plant when they receive: - 1. Air 2. Water 3. Suitable temperature. In sunflowers, seeds are the dark-colored objects in the center of the flower. Mature plants use food to produce flowers.  L.5: seed dispersal Seed dispersal: It is when seeds are transported from one place to another. Methods of dispersal in nature: 1. Floating on water (rivers or lakes). 2. Transportation by wind. 3. Sticking to human clothes or animal`s fur. 4. Eaten by animals and comes out with their stool. Methods of dispersal in nature:  1-Water 2-Wind Coconut Maple, Dandelion 3- Animals fur or human clothe 4- Eaten by animals Burr Apple, Tomato