Computer Networks (1).pptx

THE BASIC OF NETWORKING Install and Configure Computer System Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Understand what network is. 2. Identify the kinds and classification of networks. 3. know the termi...

THE BASIC OF NETWORKING Install and Configure Computer System Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Understand what network is. 2. Identify the kinds and classification of networks. 3. know the terminologies of networking. Terminologies ⮚ DATA ❖any set of characters that has been gathered and translated for some purpose, usually analysis. It can be any character, including text and numbers, pictures, sound, or video. If data is not put into context, it doesn't do anything Terminologies ⮚ PACKET ❖The unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network. ⮚ ETHERNET ❖is a local area technology connected Terminologies ⮚ BANDWIDTH ❖Referred as communication speed, or connection speed ❖a measurement of how fast data can be sent over a wired or wireless connection, usually measure in bits per second(bps). E.g. Kbps, Mbps, Gbps Terminologies ⮚ NETWORK HOST ❖is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. ⮚ WI-FI ❖the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Terminologies ⮚ INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER ❖It refers to a company that provides Internet services, including personal and business access to the Internet. E.g. PLDT, SMART, GLOBE ⮚ BROADBAND ❖is a term that we use to describe a high Terminologies ⮚ WORKSTATION ❖A special computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. Terminologies ⮚ PROTOCOL ❖a standard used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network. One of the most common and known protocols is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is a protocol used to transmit data over the world Terminologies ⮚ MAC Address ❖Media Access Control ❖assigned to the host Network Interface Card and is known as the physical address ❖“burned in,” or permanently programmed into the NIC when it is Computer Network ⮚ A Computer Network is a two or more computers and devices connected or link together via communication devices and transmission media in order to share Computer Network Devices are linked using a variety of connections ⮚ Copper cabling uses electrical signals to transmit data between devices. ⮚ Fiber-optic cabling uses glass or plastic wire, also called fiber, to carry information as light pulses. ⮚ Wireless connection uses radio signals, infrared technology (laser), or satellite Types of Networks Local Area Network ⮚A network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school laboratory, office building, internet café shop. Metropolitan Area Network ⮚ A high speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area such as city or town and handles bulk of communication activity across the region. It typically includes one or more LAN but covers a Wide Area Network ⮚A network that covers a large geographical area such as country or the world. ⮚ WAN combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables and radio waves. A WAN can be large network or can consist two or more LANs connected  Network Architecture Network Architecture ⮚ Network Architecture is the overall design of a computer network that describes how a computer network is configured and what strategies are being used. Network Architecture ⮚ It is also known as network model or network design Two Main network Architecture: ⮚ Peer to Peer Network ⮚ Client/Server Network Peer-to-Peer & CLIENT/SERVER PEER TO PEER ⮚ A simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers. All computers in the network have equal capabilities to use the resources available on the network. With this architecture there is no Peer-to-Peer & CLIENT/SERVER CLIENT/SERVER ⮚ One computer act as a server that provides services and the other computer on the network request services from the server.  Networks Topologies Topology ⮚ Refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals. ⮚ Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines Bus Topology ⮚ In networking a bus is the central cable -- the main wire -- that connects all devices on a local-area network (LAN) Bus Topology Advantages of Bus topology ⮚ Easy to implement and extend ⮚ Well suited for temporary networks that must be set up in a hurry ⮚ Typically the least cheapest topology to implement ⮚ Failure of one station does not affect others Disadvantages of Bus topology ⮚ Difficult to administer/troubleshoot ⮚ Limited cable length and number of stations ⮚ A cable break can disable the entire network; no redundancy ⮚ Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run ⮚ Performance degrades as additional Ring Topology ⮚ A local-area network (LAN) whose topology is a ring. ⮚ That is, all of the nodes are connected in a closed loop. Ring Topology Advantages Ring Topology ⮚ This type of network topology is very organized ⮚ Performance is better than that of Bus topology ⮚ No need for network server to control the connectivity between workstations ⮚ Additional components do not affect the Disadvantages Ring Topology ⮚ Each packet of data must pass through all the computers between source and destination, slower than star topology ⮚ If one workstation or port goes down, the entire network gets affected ⮚ Network is highly dependent on the wire which connects different Star Topology ⮚ In a star network devices are connected to a central computer, called a hub or Switch. ⮚ Host communicate across the network by passing data through the hub. Star Topology Advantages of star topology ⮚ Compared to Bus topology it gives far much better performance ⮚ Easy to connect new nodes or devices ⮚ Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network ⮚ Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network Disadvantages of star topology ⮚ If central device fails whole network goes down ⮚ The use of hub, a router or a switch as central device increases the overall cost of the network ⮚ Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added in such Extended Star Topology (Tree) ⮚ Hybrid of Star Topology Extended Star Topology (Tree) Advantages of star topology ⮚ Existing network can be easily expanded. ⮚ well suited for temporary network Disadvantages of star topology ⮚ Technical expertise required to configure and wire tree ⮚ Maintenance difficult for large network. Mesh Topology ⮚ In a mesh network, devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes. Mesh Topology Advantages of Mesh topology ⮚ messages can be received more quickly if the route to the intended recipient is short. ⮚ multiple connections mean each node can transmit to and receive from more than one node at the same time ⮚ new nodes can be added without Disadvantages of Mesh topology ⮚ many connections require a lot of maintenance References: ❖Computer System Servicing NCII. QUARTER 1-MODULE 1: Install and Configure Computer Systems.Manny Daleon