Computer Architecture and Organization-1.pdf

Chapter VIII- Computer Architecture and Organization  2 Course Overview In this course, you will be learning the basic foundation and learning principles of Computer Architecture and Organization along with...

Chapter VIII- Computer Architecture and Organization  2 Course Overview In this course, you will be learning the basic foundation and learning principles of Computer Architecture and Organization along with store program control concept, flynn’s classification of computer, computer hardware, system interconnection and difference of computer architecture and organization. 2  3 Course Prerequisites There is no course-prerequisites for this is a first year, first semester subject. 3  Computer Architecture In this topic we are going to computer architecture, and its categories, store program control concept and flynn’s classification of computers. 4  Course Outline The following are the concepts under Computer Architecture: Computer Architecture Categories of Computer Architecture o System Design o Instruction Set Architecture o Microarchitecture 5  Course Outline The following are the concepts under Computer Architecture: Store Program Control Concept o Von – Neumann Model o General Purpose System o Parallel Processing 6  Course Outline The following are the concepts under Computer Architecture: Flynn’s Classification of Computers o SISD – Single Instruction Single Data o SIMD – Single Instruction Multiple Data o MISD – Multiple Instruction Single Data o MIMD – Multiple Instruction Multiple Data 7  8 Computer Architecture is describe as a specification on how hardware and software technologies interact to create a computer platform/system. 8  9 In simple terms, Computer Achitecture involves building a computer and all that goes into a computer system. 9  Three Categories of Computer Architecture 10  11 System Design This includes all the hardware parts, such as CPU, data processors, multiprocessors, memory controllers and direct memory access This part is often times called as the actual computer system 11  12 Instruction Set Architecture This comprises of the e CPU’s functions and capabilities, the CPU’s programming language, data formats, processor register types and instructions used by computer programmers. This is the part is what we considered the software that makes computer run. 12  13 Microarchitecture The one which is responsible for data processing and storage element or data paths and how they should be implemented in the instruction set architecture. These includes storage devices like DVD storages etc. 13  Store Program Control Concept 14  15 Stored Program Concept - The stored program concept is defined that data and instructions are both logically the same can be stored in a memory. - There are three classifications which are Von-Neumann model, General Purpose System and Parallel Processing 15  16 Von- Neumann Model - It was proposed by Von-Neumann as a computer architecture design in 1945. It is consists of Control Unit, ALU, Registers and Input/Outputs. - It uses a single processor and utilizes one memory for both instructions and data. - This design is still used in most computers as of today. 16  17 General Purpose System - The General Purpose System is the modified version of the Von- Neumann Architecture. - It was also considered as the modern day architectural representation of Computer System. 17  18 Parallel Processing - Parallel processing is describes as class of techniques which enables the system to data-processing tasks to increase the computational speed of a computer system. - Primary purpose is to increase computer processing ability to enhanced its throughput. 18  Flynn’s Classification of Computers 19  20 Flynn’s Classification of Computers is a classification for the organization of a computer system based by the number of instructions and data items that are manipulated simultaneously. 20  21 Instruction Stream is the sequence of instructions read from the memory Data Stream is the operation that is performed on the data in the processor 21  22 I. SISD Stands for “Single Instruction and Single Data Stream”. It represents the organization of a single computer containing a control unit, a processor unit and a memory unit. Instructions are executed sequentially, and the system may or may not have an internal parallel processing capabilities. 22  23 II. SIMD Stands for “Single Instruction and Multiple Data Stream”. It represents the organization that includes many processing units under the supervision of a common control unit. All processors receive the same instruction from the control unit but operate on different items of data. 23  24 III. MISD Stands for “Multiple Instruction and Single Data Stream”. This structure is only theoretical since no practical system has been constructed using this organization. In MISD, multiple processing units operate on a single-data stream. Each processing unit operates on the data independently via separate instruction stream. 24  25 IV. MIMD Stands for “Multiple Instruction and Multiple Data Stream”. In this organization, all processors in a parallel computer can execute different instructions and operate on various data at the same time. In MIMD, each processor has a separate program and an instruction stream is generated from each program. 25