Computer-1.pptx.pdf

COMPUTER 1 CIS-LAB 1 MR. JOEMAR JOY “JJ” T. PAMISA LDCU-MBA | LDCU-BSBA-MM | ABCCA-COMSCI  CLASS SCHEDULES AND TERM EXAMS PRELIM MIDTERM SEMI FINAL Sep. 18-20 Oct. 16-21 Nov. 20, 22 Dec. 11-16 Aug. 19, 26 Sep. 23, 30 Oct. 28 Nov....

COMPUTER 1 CIS-LAB 1 MR. JOEMAR JOY “JJ” T. PAMISA LDCU-MBA | LDCU-BSBA-MM | ABCCA-COMSCI  CLASS SCHEDULES AND TERM EXAMS PRELIM MIDTERM SEMI FINAL Sep. 18-20 Oct. 16-21 Nov. 20, 22 Dec. 11-16 Aug. 19, 26 Sep. 23, 30 Oct. 28 Nov. 25 Sep. 2, 9, 16 Oct. 7, 14, Nov. 4, 11, 18 Dec. 2, 9  GRADING SYSTEM 40 % QUIZ & ASSIGNMENTS 40 % ACTIVITIES & TERM EXAMS 20 % ATTENDANCE COMPUTER LABORATORY ROOM USE POLICIES FOR STUDENT USERS INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 1  Learning Objectives Learners will be able to sequentially outline key milestones in computing history, from the invention of the abacus in 3000 BC to the contemporary advancements in artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Learn about how the World Wide Web was created, the important steps in its development, and how it has changed over time.  Learning Objectives Understand the fundamental components of a computer and their roles, including the CPU, RAM, storage devices, motherboard, GPU, and peripherals, to grasp how they work together to enable various computing tasks. Understand the distinction between system software and application software, comprehending their respective roles and subcategories, to gain insight into how computer software enables various computing tasks and user interactions.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 1. 3000 BC: Abacus The earliest known computing device, the abacus, is invented in ancient Mesopotamia. It consists of beads on rods used for arithmetic calculations.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 2. 1642 AD: Pascal's Calculator Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invents the mechanical calculator, also known as the Pascaline, capable of addition and subtraction.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 3. 1801: Jacquard Loom Joseph Marie Jacquard creates a programmable loom that uses punched cards to control patterns. This is an early example of a machine that can be instructed by data.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 4. 1822: Difference Engine Charles Babbage designs the concept of a mechanical computer, the Difference Engine, capable of automatically computing polynomial functions.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 5. 1837: Analytical Engine Ada Lovelace is credited with writing the first computer program for the Analytical Engine.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 6. Late 1800s: Tabulating Machines Herman Hollerith develops the punched card tabulating machines, used to process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. This work lays the foundation for data processing machines.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 7. 1936: Turing Machine Alan Turing introduces the concept of a theoretical computing device called the Turing Machine, which can simulate any algorithmic process.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 8. 1937: First Electronic Digital Computer Claude Shannon designs the first fully electronic digital computer at MIT using switches and relays.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 9. 1941: Konrad Zuse's Z3 German engineer Konrad Zuse builds the Z3, considered the first programmable digital computer, using electromechanical relays.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 10. 1943-1945: Colossus and ENIAC During World War II, the British build Colossus, the first programmable digital electronic computer to crack codes. Meanwhile, the U.S. develops ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), a general-purpose computer.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 11. 1947: Transistors The invention of the transistor by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley revolutionizes computing technology, making computers smaller, more reliable, and faster.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 12. 1951: UNIVAC I The first commercially available computer, the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer), is delivered to the U.S. Census Bureau.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 13. 1953: IBM 701 IBM introduces its first commercially successful general-purpose computer, the IBM 701.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 14. 1954: FORTRAN John Backus and his team at IBM develop the FORTRAN (Formula Translation) programming language, the first high-level programming language.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 15. 1958: Integrated Circuits Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently invent the integrated circuit (IC), leading to the miniaturization of computers.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 16. 1964: IBM System/360 IBM releases the System/360, a family of compatible mainframe computers that revolutionizes the computer industry by establishing compatibility standards.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 17. 1969: ARPANET The precursor to the modern internet, ARPANET is developed by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 18. 1971: Microprocessor Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, leading to the birth of personal computers.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 19. 1973: Ethernet Ethernet networking technology is developed by Bob Metcalfe at Xerox PARC, becoming the foundation of local area networks (LANs).  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 20. 1981: IBM PC IBM Personal Computer (PC), which becomes the first widely successful mass-produced personal computer.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 21. 1983: TCP/IP The Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are standardized, forming the basis of the modern internet.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 22. 1991: World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee introduces the World Wide Web, revolutionizing the internet and enabling easy access to information and communication.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 23. 1993: Mosaic Browser The Mosaic web browser is released, popularizing web browsing and paving the way for modern web browsers.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 24. Late 1990s: Dot-com Bubble The internet experiences a period of rapid growth and speculative investment, resulting in the "dot-com bubble" burst in the early 2000s.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 25. 2007: Smartphones Apple releases the first iPhone, kickstarting the era of smartphones, combining computing, communication, and multimedia capabilities.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 26. 2010s: Cloud Computing Cloud computing becomes widely adopted, allowing users to access and store data and applications remotely over the internet.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER 27. Present Day: Advancements in AI, Quantum Computing, and Beyond Computers continue to evolve, with advancements in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and other cutting-edge technologies shaping the future of computing.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB The World Wide Web, often referred to as the Web, is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and can be accessed via the Internet.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 1. Early Concept (1980s): In the late 1980s, Tim Berners-Lee worked at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland, where he was frustrated with the inefficiency of sharing information among scientists.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 2. Proposal (1989): In March1989, Berners-Lee submitted a proposal titled "Information Management: A Proposal" to his superiors at CERN, outlining the concept of a "hypertext project" that would eventually become the World Wide Web.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 3. Invention of HTTP and HTML: Berners-Lee, along with his colleague Robert Cailliau, developed the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for communication between servers and clients and the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for creating web pages. In 1990, they also created the first web browser called "WorldWideWeb" (later renamed Nexus).  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 4. First Web Server and Website (1991): In August 1991, Berners-Lee set up the first-ever web server, running on his NeXT computer. He also created the first website, which provided information about the World Wide Web and how to use it. EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 5. Public Release (1993): In April 1993, CERN released the World Wide Web technology to the public domain, allowing anyone to use and develop it freely. This crucial decision spurred rapid growth and widespread adoption of the Web.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 6. Mosaic Web Browser (1993): The release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993 by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) significantly increased the Web's popularity. Mosaic was user-friendly and supported graphics, making it accessible to non-technical users.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 7. Commercialization and Expansion: As the Web gained momentum, various companies and organizations started developing websites and online services. Commercial interests grew, and the dot-com boom of the late 1990s led to massive investments in internet-based businesses.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 8. Web Standards and Governance: To ensure the Web's continued growth and stability, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee himself. The W3C develops and maintains web standards to ensure compatibility and interoperability across different browsers and devices.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 9. Web 2.0 (2000s): The concept of "Web 2.0" emerged, emphasizing user-generated content, social networking, and interactive web experiences. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube gained prominence during this era.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 10. Mobile Revolution: With the proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices, mobile internet usage surged. Websites and applications adapted to be mobile-friendly, and mobile apps became an integral part of the online experience.  EVOLUTION OF WORLD WIDE WEB 12. Today and Beyond: The World Wide Web continues to evolve rapidly. Innovations in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are shaping the future of the Web. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Personal Computers (PCs) Desktop Computers: Traditional computers designed to be placed on a desk. Laptop Computers: Portable computers with built-in screens and keyboards. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Workstations: High-performance computers are used for complex tasks like graphic design, video editing, and scientific simulations. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Servers: Computers are designed to provide services, resources, or data to other computers (clients) over a network. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Mainframes: Large and powerful computers used for data processing and handling heavy workloads. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Supercomputers: Extremely powerful computers designed for performing complex calculations at unparalleled speeds. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Embedded Systems Computers integrated into other devices or systems for specific functions. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Tablets: Touchscreen devices with computing capabilities, larger than smartphones but smaller than laptops. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Smartphones: Mobile devices with advanced computing capabilities, including communication, apps, and internet access. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Gaming Consoles: Computers designed specifically for gaming. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Wearable Computers: Small computing devices worn on the body, often used for tracking health and fitness data. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems: Computers are used in retail environments for processing sales and managing inventory. TYPES OF COMPUTERS ATMs (Automated Teller Machines): Computers are used for financial transactions and account management. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Kiosks: Computers are used for interactive information and service provision in public spaces. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Network Routers: Devices that manage network traffic and facilitate communication between devices. TYPES OF COMPUTERS Industrial Computers: Computers designed for use in industrial environments, often ruggedized for durability. PARTS OF COMPUTER A computer is made up of several essential components that work together to perform various tasks. PARTS OF COMPUTER Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the "brain" of the computer and performs most of the calculations and data processing. It interprets and executes instructions from computer programs. PARTS OF COMPUTER Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all the components of the computer. It provides the pathways for data to travel between different components, including the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and more. PARTS OF COMPUTER Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is the computer's temporary memory where data is stored while the computer is running. It allows for faster data access compared to permanent storage devices like hard drives or solid-state drives. PARTS OF COMPUTER Storage Devices: These devices are used to store data permanently. The main types of storage devices are Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid-State Drives (SSDs). HDDs use spinning disks to store data, while SSDs use flash memory, offering faster access speeds. PARTS OF COMPUTER Power Supply Unit (PSU): The PSU provides electrical power to the various components of the computer. It converts electricity from the wall outlet into a form that the computer can use. PARTS OF COMPUTER Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Also known as a graphics card, the GPU is responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations. It's essential for gaming and graphic-intensive tasks. PARTS OF COMPUTER Cooling System: Computers generate heat during operation, especially the CPU and GPU. Cooling systems, which include fans, heat sinks, and sometimes liquid cooling systems, help dissipate this heat to prevent overheating. PARTS OF COMPUTER Computer Case: The case holds and protects all the components of the computer. It also provides slots and ports for connecting peripherals like USB devices, monitors, and more. PARTS OF COMPUTER Optical Drive: While becoming less common due to digital distribution, optical drives like DVD or Blu-ray drives allow you to read and write optical discs. PARTS OF COMPUTER Network Interface Card (NIC): This component enables the computer to connect to networks, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi, allowing it to communicate with other devices and access the internet. PARTS OF COMPUTER Sound Card: Although many motherboards have integrated audio capabilities, dedicated sound cards can provide higher-quality audio for tasks like gaming or audio production. PARTS OF COMPUTER Input and Output Ports: These ports allow you to connect external devices like keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and more. Common types of ports include USB, HDMI, DisplayPort, audio jacks, and Ethernet ports. PARTS OF COMPUTER Peripherals: While not part of the core computer components, peripherals like keyboards, mic, monitors, and printers are essential for interacting with the computer and performing tasks.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE Computer software refers to a collection of programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer how to perform various tasks.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE 1. System Software: This type of software is responsible for managing and controlling the hardware components of a computer system.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE a. Operating Systems (OS): An operating system is the core software that provides a user interface, manages hardware resources, and allows other software applications to run on a computer.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE b. Device Drivers: These are software components that facilitate communication between the operating system and hardware devices.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE c. Utilities: Utility software consists of tools that help manage and optimize the computer system.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2. Application Software: This software is designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user. It's software that users interact with directly to accomplish their goals.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE a. Productivity Software: This includes software for creating documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and other office-related tasks.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE b. Graphic Design and Multimedia Software: Software used for creating and editing images, videos, animations, and audio content.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE c. Entertainment Software: This category includes video games, music players, movie viewers, and other software designed for leisure and entertainment.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE d. Communication Software: Software that enables communication between users, such as email clients, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing tools.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE e. Web Browsers: Software that allows users to access and navigate websites on the internet.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE f. Database Software Applications used to create, manage, and query databases.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE g. Programming Software: Tools used by software developers to create, debug, and test software applications.