Compound Lipids Lecture 2 PDF

Lipid Chemistry Lecture 2 Compound lipids  Prof / Ayman El Baz Professor of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dr/ Sara El Derbaly Assistant Professor of Medical Biochemistry& Molecular Biology 1. Classify compound lipids 2. Identify the s...

Lipid Chemistry Lecture 2 Compound lipids  Prof / Ayman El Baz Professor of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dr/ Sara El Derbaly Assistant Professor of Medical Biochemistry& Molecular Biology 1. Classify compound lipids 2. Identify the structure and function of phospholipids 3. Describe glycolipids and their functions 4. Differentiate between lipoproteins. Compound lipids Definition Types  Definition of compound lipid They are lipids conjugated with non-lipids (other groups) Types of compound lipid Compound lipid lipid Non lipid 1. Phospholipids Phosphoric acid Carbohydrate 2. Glycolipids Lipid + Sulphate 3. Sulpholipids 4. Lipoproteins Protein  1. Phospholipid (PL) P Structure of PLs Phospholipids Non-lipid Lipid part part Phosphoric Nitrogenous FA Alcohol acid base 1. Choline 2. Ethanolamine Phosphatidic Acid 3. Serine 1. Alcohol= glycerol 2. FAs 4.Nitrogenous base ⑭ ↓ /  Types of PLs 1 Cycletal Lecithin Cephalin Sphingomyelins Phosphatidyl inositol (1) phosphatidyl choline phosphatidyl Sugar Alcohol ! ethanolamine derived from gloose Zero Nitrogenous Choline Ethanolamine or serine Choline Inositol base (alcohol is shingosine) Function Structure of the cell Abundant in the nervous Phosphatidyl inositol is present in membrane. It is present mainly in system in the myelin cellular membranes. (most abundant PLs as cell myelin sheath of nerves sheath. This compound plays a vital role membrane is phospholipid and cell membrane. in the mediation of hormone bilayer) They have a role in blood action and acts as a second & I Clotting fa Lipotropic factor coagulation because they Sphingosine - messenger. (prevent accumulation of lipids in share in the structure of Ceramide the liver ) thromboplastin, which is Lung surfactant essential for blood 8 (preventing lung collapse as it clotting. sphingosine base : reduces surface tension of the long chain unsaturated A aqueous layer of lung alveoli ) Deficiency Respiratory distress ↑ syndrome (RDS) One of thefollowing phospholipids has a no nitrogenous base ? ·me I S range  2. Glycolipids Structure of glycolipids Glycolipids Non lipid Lipid part part FA Sphingosine Carbohydrate Galactose ↓ + Cerebroside Ceramide  Glycolipids are widely distributed in every tissue of the body, particularly in nervous tissues and cell membranes.  Cerebrosides are simple glycolipids composed of ceramide plus single sugar unit. The sugar may be glucose or galactose. 1. Galactosyl ceramide  It is the major glycolipid of brain and other nervous tissue  It consists of = ceramide + galactose 2. Glucosyl ceramide  It is the major simple glycosphingolipid of extra neural tissues.  It consists of ceramide + glucose. 3.Sulfolipids (Sulfatides) sulfate glycolic + These are formed when sulfate groups are attached to ceramide oligosaccharides. All these complex lipids are important components of membranes of nervous tissue. Failure of degradation of these compounds results in accumulation of these complex lipids in CNS. Gangliosides????  3. Lipoproteins Structure of lipoproteins P the transport system of lipid in the blood lipid Lipoprotein > - protein because the proton is soluble soluble lipid protein lipids more the conjugation of + is to make the Lipid part Non lipid part er Digestion Fl Protein Phospholipid Cholesterol Triglyceride (Apoprotein)  Functions of lipoprotein 1. Structure of cell membrane. 2. Lipid transport in the blood Lipids are insoluble in water can't be transported in blood freely Binding of lipids to protein to make lipoproteins  water-soluble  lipids are transported in the blood Types of lipoproteins 1-Chylomicrons (CM) 2-Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) 3-Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 4-High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)  protein to Proteint Lipid Y lipidt Chylomicrons VLDL LDL HDL 98 % lipid 2% protein 50 % lipid 50% Protein Site of Small intestine Liver Blood Liver synthesis Structure Mainly Mainly Mainly Mainly triglycerides triglycerides cholesterol proteins & phospholipids Function Transport exogenous Transport Transport Transport cholesterol dietary triglycerides from food endogenous cholesterol triglycerides From: small intestine From: tissues To: peripheral tissue. From: liver (inside Apoprotein) From: liver the liver because To: liver To: peripheral tissue. To: peripheral (Retrograde - tissue. (reverse) cholesterol Against the fatty liver because transport If the LDL is high you'll it transports the fat/lipid/Tz get If the HDL is high it's good a sign from the liver to the peripheral tissue If the LDL is high it's bad sign