Complications of Packed Red Cell Transfusions -Answers (1).pdf

Complications of Packed Red Cell Transfusions Answers 1. Clotting abnormalities can occur due to a concentration effect of packed red cells transfused. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Clotting abnormalities can occur due to a dilution effect, not concentration effect, as the packed r...

Complications of Packed Red Cell Transfusions Answers 1. Clotting abnormalities can occur due to a concentration effect of packed red cells transfused. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Clotting abnormalities can occur due to a dilution effect, not concentration effect, as the packed red cells transfused do not contain any platelets or clotting factors. 2. Administrating fresh frozen plasma and platelets concurrently can reduce the risk of clotting impairment. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) To reduce the risk of any clotting impairment, fresh frozen plasma and platelets should be administered concurrently, typically done for patients receiving more than 4 units RBCs. 3. Hypocalcaemia is caused by an increase in serum calcium level. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Hypocalcaemia is caused by a reduction in serum calcium level, due to chelation of calcium by the calcium binding agent in the preservative. 4. The most common cause of acute haemolytic reaction is ABO blood group incompatibility. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) Acute haemolytic reaction is indeed caused by transfusion of the incorrect blood type, and the most common cause of this is ABO blood group incompatibility. 5. Patients with acute haemolytic reaction may present with urticaria and hypotension only. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Patients with acute haemolytic reaction may present with urticaria, hypotension, and fever, as well as other symptoms. 6. Hyperkalaemia is caused by a decrease in intracellular potassium. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Hyperkalaemia is caused by an increase in intracellular potassium, due to the partial haemolysis of the red blood cells and the resultant release of intracellular potassium. 7. A positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) confirms the diagnosis of acute haemolytic reaction. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) A positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) is a diagnostic test that confirms the diagnosis of acute haemolytic reaction. 8. Blood products are always at body temperature by the time of transfusion. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) As blood products are thawed from frozen and then kept at cool temperatures, they may not be up to body temperature by the time of transfusion, especially in a major haemorrhage protocol scenario. 9. Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) is a common problem in patients with cardiac failure. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) TACO is often a common problem in those who are already overloaded, such as those with cardiac failure. 10. Rapid transfusion of blood products can lead to an increase in the patient's core temperature. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Rapid transfusion of blood products can lead to a drop in the patient's core temperature, hence regular monitoring of core body temperature is always required during a blood product transfusion. 11. Transfusion-specific complications can only occur after the transfusion has been completed. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Acute transfusion complications typically occur soon after the transfusion has been started, while delayed complications can occur later. 12. Furosemide is prescribed prophylactically during the transfusion to prevent acute haemolytic reaction. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Furosemide is prescribed prophylactically during the transfusion to prevent Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO), not acute haemolytic reaction. 13. Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a cardiogenic cause of pulmonary oedema. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) TRALI is a non-cardiogenic cause of pulmonary oedema, not a cardiogenic cause. 14. Massive Transfusion Protocol is a set of guidelines that vary between hospitals. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) Transfusion guidelines will vary between hospitals and are usually detailed within the Massive Transfusion Protocol. 15. Patients with mild allergic reactions may present with dyspnoea and fever. A. True B. False Answer: False (B) Patients with mild allergic reactions typically present with pruritus (itching), and are treated with an anti-histamine such as chlorphenamine. 16. Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) is treated with high-flow oxygen and diuretic therapy. A. True B. False Answer: True (A) TACO is treated with oxygen and diuretic therapy, which helps to manage fluid overload and prevent further complications.