Complementary And Alternative Medicine PDF

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Prepared by: SHANNY G. ESTERA, RPh, MSPH EXAMPLE  MIND-BODY INTERVENTION  MIND-BODY INTERVENTION ❑ Designed to enhance the mind’s positive impact on the body. These techniques practices include behavioral, psychological, social, expressive and spi...

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Prepared by: SHANNY G. ESTERA, RPh, MSPH EXAMPLE  MIND-BODY INTERVENTION  MIND-BODY INTERVENTION ❑ Designed to enhance the mind’s positive impact on the body. These techniques practices include behavioral, psychological, social, expressive and spiritual approaches. ❑ Focused on the interactions among the brain, mind, body and behavior with the intent to use the mind to affect physical functioning and promote health. How does Mind-Body Medicine Work? ❑ When you are physically or emotionally stressed, your body releases hormones that can affect all your systems and organs. ❑ Goal of Mind-Body Techniques: To get the body and mind to relax and to reduce the levels of stress hormones in the body, so that your immune system is better able to fight off illness. ❑ Mind-Body Techniques can be helpful for many conditions because they encourage relaxation, improve coping skills, reduce tensions and pain, and lessen the need for medication.  MIND- BODY TECHNIQUES ❑ The key to any mind-body technique is to “train” the mind to focus on the body without distraction. In this state of “focused concentration,” a person may be able to improve their health. ❑ Some of the most commonly used techniques include: ❑ Biofeedback ❑ Cognitive behavioral therapy ❑ Relaxation techniques  MIND- BODY TECHNIQUES ❑ The key to any mind-body technique is to “train” the mind to focus on the body without distraction. In this state of “focused concentration,” a person may be able to improve their health. ❑ Some of the most commonly used techniques include: ❑ Biofeedback ❑ Cognitive behavioral therapy ❑ Relaxation techniques Psychodynamic Therapy ❑Derived from psychoanalysis and seeks to understand and resolve emotional conflicts that originate in childhood relationships with patterns that repeat in adult life ❑Often called “interpretative therapy and expressive therapy” Behaviour therapy ❑ Emphasizes changing specific behaviour by stopping what has been reinforcing it or by replacing it with a more desirable response Cognitive therapy ❑ Emphasizes the habitual thoughts that underlie those habits ❑ Effective for treating depression and low self-esteem ❑ Is an action-oriented form of psychosocial therapy that assumes that maladaptive, or faulty, thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and "negative" emotions (Cognitive behavioral therapy. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008) Systems therapy ❑Focuses on relationship patterns, either in couples between parents and children or within the whole family ❑Works well for a troubled marriage or intense conflicts between parents and children, where the problem is in the relationship between them Body oriented therapy ❑Hypothesizes that emotions are encoded in and may be expressed as tension and restriction in various parts of the body  MEDITATION ❑ Latin meaning “to cure” or “to measure” ❑ Self-directed practice for the goal of relaxing and calming the mind and body. ❑ Used to calm mental activity, endless thoughts and ways of reacting to one’s circumstances. ❑ To calm and release the distractions from the mind for the purpose of opening up and awakening to our true inner natures.  Common Elements of Meditation There are many types of meditation, but most have four elements in common: 1. A quiet location with as few distractions as possible, some people incorporate music but limited to mostly solemn piano and nature music 2. A specific, comfortable posture (sitting, lying down, walking or in other positions) some may perform it even lying down. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), 2007 3. focus of attention focusing oneself in a specific sensation that body feels it may be breathing or a specific melody or tune. 4. An open attitude meaning that they don’t get the distractions disrupt them  DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDItATION According to Health Line, different forms of meditation require different set of skills, and mindfulness to achieve it with optimal results. It is important to know which form of Meditation suits you the best. 1. Mindfulness Meditation 2. Spiritual Meditation 3. Focused Meditation 4. Movement Meditation 5. Mantra Meditation 6. Transcendal Meditation 7. Progressive Relaxation 8. Loving – Kindness Meditation 9. Visualization Meditation  MINDFULNESS MEDITATION MINDFULNESS MEDITATION – this type focuses more on the thoughts that pass through your mind and being able to ignore or don’t mind, or simply not be involved with these thoughts. You observe and take note of specific patterns that come through your mind. This requires concentration with awareness to an object specifically while you observe your own sensations, thoughts and feelings. This is beneficial for people who don’t have a proper mentor to teach them.  SPIRITUAL MEDITATION SPIRITUAL MEDITATION ❑It is commonly practiced in Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Daoism and even Christianity. It can be viewed similarly as a prayer in which you reflect on the silence around you while trying to connect with the Almighty and the universe. ❑Most people use essential oils to improve the experience. This type of meditation are for people who are used to silent environments while seeking spiritual fulfilment.  FOCUSED MEDITATION FOCUSED MEDITATION ❑This type requires you to focus one of the senses of your choice. It is valid to use external influences that can help you focus more, like mala beads for counting, gongs for listening and even a candle flame to stare at. ❑Although it may sound simple, this practice can be difficult especially for people who have low attention span where their minds easily wander. This can be beneficial for people who needs to heighten their focus in life.  MOVEMENT MEDITATION MOVEMENT MEDITATION ❑ Some people often associate meditation as a practice that does not require movement. Contrary to that belief Movement Meditation is meditating that may include walking through the woods, gardening, qigong, and other activities that involve little, or gentle movement.  Mantra meditation MANTRA MEDITATION This meditation uses repetitive sound or phrases to clear the mind. If you ever heard of the popular “Om…” sound then this type of meditation belongs to Mantra Meditation. ❑The mantra may be either spoken quietly or loudly. Chanting the mantra will make you more alert, in tune with the environment and get a deeper level of awareness.  TRANSCENDAL MEDITATION TRANSCENDAL MEDITATION ❑One of the popular types of meditation that has been widely studied in the CAM community. It presents similarities with Mantra Meditation that uses series of words specific to each individual. ❑You silently repeat a mantra in your head.  PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION ❑ Also known as BODY SCAN MEDITATION. This is a practice that aims to decrease tension built up in the body and promote relaxation. This method is practiced by slowly tightening and relaxing one muscle group at a time throughout the body.  LOVING – KINDNESS MEDITATION LOVING-KINDNESS MEDITATION ❑This method enhances or strengthens the feelings and emotions towards self and other people. ❑In this method you open your mind to receive love from others and then sending a series of well wishes to loved ones, mutual and acquaintances. ❑This can be helpful for people who hold grudges, resentment or any negative feeling in his or her circle.  VISUALIZATION MEDITATION VISUALIZATION MEDITATION ❑This type enhances feelings of relaxation and calmness using your imagination. This method teaches you to visualize positive scenes or images. ❑This method makes you incorporate all your senses to create a detailed image in your head. This method can also be linked to visualizing your future goals in life manifesting to reality.  BENEFITS OF MEDITATION ❑According to HealthLine there are researches that suggests that meditation and everyday mindfulness can have positive impact, both physically and mentally. Meditation has been associated to decreasing levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. There are also studies that suggest that it improves emotional health, enhance your self-awareness, and lengthen your attention span, too. ❑Meditation may also decrease your blood pressure and reduce strain on the heart. This occurs because meditation is associated with nervous system arousal and the activation of the stress response. BIOLOGICALLY-BASED THERAPY Biologically Based Practices ❖ Most controversial of CAM therapies ❖ Many claims do not have evidence Herbal remedies ❖ A type of medicine that uses roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or seeds of plants to improve health, prevent disease, and treat illness. ❖ People have been using herbal remedies for thousands of years ❖ Just because something is natural, however, does not necessarily mean it is safe – so herbal remedies are not to be taken lightly. Herbalism ❖ Study and practice of using plant material for food, medicine and health promotion ❖ This includes not only treatment of disease but also enhancement of quality of life, both physically and spiritually ❖ This to promote preventive care and guided simple treatment for the general population Herbalist ❖is someone who uses plants for healing. ❖These practitioners are not medical doctors, though some practitioners are also referred to as medical herbalists Herbalist Originally it is a person who is versed in the knowledge of herbs and plants – a collector of and/or writer about plants (what we call now as “botanists”) Now it is referred to writers about plants as well as persons who use alternative medicine therapy Herbarium (Latin: hortus siccus) ❖is a collection of plant samples preserved for long-term study ❖ usually in the form of dried and pressed plants mounted on paper. Herb ❑ Is a plant whose leaves, stems and/or roots could be used as food or medicine, or for scent (perfume) or flavor (spice) 3 Physiologic effects rendered by a given plant: ▪ A direct pharmacological effect based on the presence of “active ingredient” ▪ Nonspecific physiological effects such as the effect of methylxanthines in coffee, tea or cacao ▪ Symbolic effects (cultural significance) → “Placebo” ▪ Bromelain, cayenne, chamomile and feverfew interact with aspirin ▪ Akie, ephedra ginseng and licorice interact with corticosteroids ▪ Kava, St. John’s wort and valerian interact with CNS depressants ▪ Chamomile, horse chestnut and fenugreek enhances risk of bleeding ▪ Ginseng can produce hypoglycemia ▪ Ephedra may lead to cardiovascular instability GINKGO As one of the oldest tree species, ginkgo is also one of the oldest homeopathic plants and a key herb in Chinese medicine. The leaves are used to create capsules, tablets, and extracts, and when dried, can be consumed as a tea.  It’s perhaps best-known for its ability to boost brain health. Studies say that ginkgo can treat patients with mild to moderate dementia, and can slow cognition decline in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent research is looking into a component that can help diabetes, and there continue to be more studies, including an animal study that says it might influence bone healing. Ginkgo could be beneficial for: dementia Alzheimer’s disease eye health inflammation diabetes bone healing anxiety depression  Long-term use may increase chance of thyroid and liver cancer, which has been seen in rats. It’s known to be hard on the liver, so liver enzymes may need to be monitored. It can interact with blood thinners. Gingko seeds are poisonous if ingested. Side effects can include headache, upset stomach, dizziness, and allergic reaction. Gingko use needs to be discussed with your doctor because of numerous drug interactions. TURMERIC With its brilliant orange hue, it’s impossible to miss a bottle of turmeric sitting on a spice shelf. Originating in India, turmeric is believed to have anticancer properties and can prevent DNA mutations.  As an anti-inflammatory, it can be taken as a supplement and it’s been used topically for people with arthritis who wish to relieve discomfort. It’s used worldwide as a cooking ingredient, which makes it a delicious, antioxidant-rich addition to many dishes. Turmeric could be beneficial for: Pain caused by inflammatory diseases, like arthritis Preventing cancer Stopping DNA mutations Several skin diseases  When used as a supplement, people tend to take too much, so it can be difficult to trust the dosage and quality. Safety increases when ingested as an herb in cooking or tea. Long-term use can potentially cause stomach problems. Turmeric has low bioavailability. Consuming with pepper can help your body absorb more of its benefits. EVENING PRIMROSE OIL ❑ The vibrant yellow evening primrose flower produces an oil that’s thought to alleviate the symptoms of PMS and skin conditions like eczema. ❑ Some studies have found that evening primrose oil has anti-inflammatory properties. It’s been known to help with conditions such as atopic dermatitis and diabetic neuropathy. It can also help with other health concerns, such as breast pain. Recent research points to improving the quality of life for patients with multiple sclerosis, changing hormones and insulin sensitivity in those dealing with polycystic ovary syndrome, and using it topically to improve mild dermatitis. Evening primrose oil could be beneficial for: PMS mild skin conditions breast pain Menopause Inflammation diabetic neuropathy multiple sclerosis PCOS blood pressure  EVENING PRIMROSE OIL interacts with some blood-clotting medications safety during pregnancy is uncertain may interfere with drug absorption during HIV treatment interacts with lithium for bipolar disorder long-term use may not be safe 10 Halamang Gamot