Purposive Communication PDF

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Resume - rez--*OO*-mey 2. Purposive - ** **pur-PUH-siv 3. flag ceremony - SERe-mo-ne 4. curriculum vitae - kyu-RRI-cu-lum vi-tai 5. engineering- en·juh·nee·ruhng 1. Condolences- kuhn·DOW·luhn·suhz 2. Advocacy- AD-vuh-kuh-see 3. entrepreneur-aan-truh-pruh-NO...

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Resume - rez--*OO*-mey 2. Purposive - ** **pur-PUH-siv 3. flag ceremony - SERe-mo-ne 4. curriculum vitae - kyu-RRI-cu-lum vi-tai 5. engineering- en·juh·nee·ruhng 1. Condolences- kuhn·DOW·luhn·suhz 2. Advocacy- AD-vuh-kuh-see 3. entrepreneur-aan-truh-pruh-NOOR 4. Algae- AL-jee 5. Notice- NOW-tuhs 6. Says-ses 1. Embryo- EM-bree-yow 2. Tear- ter/tir 3. Temperature- TEM-pruh-chr 4. Determine- duh-TUR-muhn 5. Certificate- suhr-tif-uh-kuht COMMUNICATION - process of interacting and sharing thoughts with other people. COMMUNICATION PROCESS - Sender -- Message -- Channel -- Encoder Sender -- Encoding - Source, using certain words symbols signs and body gesture Message - Content Channel -- medium, messaged is conveyed Receiver -- Decoder, Interpreting the sender's message, to understand/comprehend Feedback -- response, final step Noise -- Communication Barrier, hinders communicator to send ideas clearly Definitions SENDER -- initiates conversation ENCODING -- uses certain words or non-verbal methods to translate info into a message MESSAGE -- sender gets the message to convey. Can be written oral, symbolic, etc. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL -- chooses medium to convey his message. RECEIVER -- message is intended or targeted. DECODING -- receiver interprets the sender's message FEEDBACK -- final step of the process, ensures receiver received the message TYPES OF COMMUNICATION INTRAPERSONAL COMMS -- communicating with oneself, to ourselves\ INTERPERSONAL COMMS - involves more than one person TYPES:\ DYADIC COMMS -- 2 participants, 1 speaker 1 listener\ SMALL GROUP COMMS -- 3 to 15 people to discuss a problem, has an agenda, leader and outcome to finish\ PUBLIC COMMS -- 1 speaker and specific audience, ex. SONA\ MASS COMMS -- human verbal interaction carried out with the use of mass media technology, ex. News casting TWO KINDS OF COMMUNICATION 1 VERBAL -- use of language\ 2 NON-VERBAL -- uses facial expressions, gestures and many more MODES OF COMMUNICATION 1\. LINEAR/ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMS -- communication between sender and the receiver, depends on how the receiver absorbed the message. -Receiver has no chance of feedback Ex. Listening to a speech 2\. SCHRAMM'S MODEL -- encoding and decoding is involved. \- both persons are receiver and sender = interpretation, makes communication effective Ex. Teacher deliver's discussion in taglish, contradiction between opinions of students occurs. 3\. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL -- most general model. Efficiency and reliability depend on the medium used. COMMUNICATION ETHICS - principle governing communication, called as ethics of interpersonal communication. ETHICS -- deals with moral values Principle -- guide for behaviour or evaluation PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATION 1. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS INESCAPABLE. -- not possible for you and me to not communicate 2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS IRREVERSIBLE -- once uttered you can never take it back. 3. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS COMPLICATED -- simultaneously interpret both word and actions both confounding and demanding 4. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IS CONTEXTUAL; FACTORS a. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT -- this is who you are b. RELATIONAL CONTEXT - concerns your reaction to the other person based on relationship. c. SITUATIONAL CONTEXT -- communication depends on the situation you are into. d. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT -- has to do with physical environment. e. CULTURAL CONTEXT -- includes all the learned behaviours and rules that affect the interaction. MORALS -- PERSONAL CODE, OUR OWN SET OF RULES. ETHICS -- societal, rules accepted by society ETHICAL FACTORS SIGNIFICQANT IN THE COMMUNICATION ETHICS 1. BUILDING AN INFORMATION NETWORK -- is to establish an array of communication networks 2. ENGAGING AND PARTICIPATING - responsibility to be actively involved in various discussion 3. SPEAKING WITH A HEART -- relationship is one of the keys to effective communication 4. CONDEMNING DISCRIMINATION -- avoid any kinds of communication that leads to distortion 5. RESPECTING AND UNDERSTANDING EACH OTHER -- learn first to respect and understand the content of what is said 1. ETHICAL COMMUNICATORS ARE RESPECTFUL OF THEIR AUDIENCES -- communication is a two-way process, understand listeners to know how to interact and behaviour to show. 2. ETHICAL COMMUNICATORS RESPECT TRUTH -- speaker must speak truth. 3. ETHICAL COMMUNICATORS USE INFO PROPERLY -- preparation beforehand is a rule of a thumb, topic with little or no background would be giving limited, or just false info. 4. ETHJICAL COMMUNICATORS DO NOT FALSIFY -- credits to the source of information is a must. BUSINES LETTER -- from one company to another ELEMENTS Heading - senders address and dateline, Inside Address -- name of addressee, designation company and business address, Salutation -- welcome part of letter, Body of the Letter- detail of communication consists of intro body and conclusion, Complimentary Close -- farewell part, Signature -- name of signatory, OTHER ELEMENTS Reference Line -- sequential number of letters Attention Line -- bears the name of the addressee Subject Line -- topic of the letter or title of the message Identification Notation or Reference Initials -- initials of the sender in all caps Enclosure Notation -- items placed in envelope Carbon Copy -- person to receive the letter other than the addressee Post Scripts -- or P.S., some items that are omitted from body of the letter C'S BUSINESS LETTER WRITING 1. Coherence -- sticking together of ideas 2. Clearness -- simple and familiar words 3. Conciseness -- avoid unnecessary words 4. Completeness -- thoroughness -- avoid omission of necessary words 5. Consideration -- use of kind words 6. Character -- own word, personality, individuality 7. Conversional Quality -- letter talk, use of words in conversational manner 1. INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF PEOPLE ON GLOBAL SCALE 2. VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION 3. CULTURAL AWARENESS 4. TIME - Used between people who do not share same first language or among people who speak various language - 3 CIRCLES OF THE WOLD LANGUAGEs ACCORDING TO BRAJ KACHRU. 1. INNER- native English speaker -- first language is English 2. OUTER -- ESL- English as the second language 3. EXPANDING -- EFL -- English as the foreign language, "English has no official use in this country" - Difference in words and phrases between language - Words or phrases that seem to be correct in usage but they are grammatically incorrect TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING 1. **DEFINIGN A TERM** Formal definition is a sentence definition that gives the essence of the term. KEY QUESTION: what a thing is TYPES: formal/informal PARTS: **term** -- word to be defined, **genus** -- type or kind, group or class to which the term belongs, & **differentiate** -- characteristics of the term that discriminates it from the members GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE: **use of linking verb** ex. Is, are, was, and were, **subj-verb agreement**, **simple present tense** BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN - N V N N -- subject, V -- linking verb, N -- compliment EXAMPLE: Parallel strips are tools used support work on the marking out table. 2. **DESCRIBING A MECHANISM** Mechanism may be defined generally as any object or system that has a working part or parts. KEY QUESTION: how the thing looks like TYPES: GENERAL/SPECIFIC REFERENCE: **parts** -- divided into parts or constructions, **functions** -- mechanism is created to perform a particular task, and **physical characteristics** -- the purpose is to make the audience see or visualize the object. **SENTENCE STRUCTURE**: N V C **GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE:** Use of linking verb Present, past, and future tense No action verb EX: PRESENT -- steel is hard. PAST -- steel was hard before it was annealed FUTURE -- steel will be hard if it is normalized. 3. **GIVING INSTRUCTION** KEY QUESTION: How to do something TYPES: locational instructions, operational instruction INTENDED AUDIENCE: general, ORAL PRESENTATION: SENTENCE PATTERN: S-SUBJECT TV-TRANSITIVE VERB DO-DIRECT OBJECT S-SUBJECT TV-TRANSITIVE VERB DO-DIRECT OBJ IO- INDIRECT OBJECT (S-SUBJECT) IV-INTRANSITIVE VERB C-ADVERB 4. EXPLAINING A PROCESS Similar to giving instructions. KEY QUESTION: How something is done INTENDED AUDIENCE: General Audience/Specialized Audience PROCEDURES FOR EXPLAINING A PROCESS: FORM -gerunds are used, CONTENT -- divide the explanation into two or three parts, and LENGTH OF PRESENTATION -- determined by the complexity of the process. Gerund -- verb ending with ing Articles -- a, an, the DIFEERENCE BETWEEN PROCESS AND INSTRUCTIONS PROCESS: SUBJECT -- DIRECT OBJECT Ex: The gangue is removed INSTRUCTIONS (SUBJECT) -- TRANSITIVE VERB -- DIRECT OBJECT Ex: (you) Remove the gangue