CAPE Communication Studies Module 3 PDF

Module 3 Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 CAPE objectives: 2-4 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION  LESSON 01 Define communication OBJECTIVES 02 Examine the characteristics of...

Module 3 Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 CAPE objectives: 2-4 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION  LESSON 01 Define communication OBJECTIVES 02 Examine the characteristics of communication 03 Identify and discuss the essential elements in the communication process 04 Examine the communication model Analyze the facilitators and 05 barriers of communication.  LET'S START HERE 2 Volunteers needed. You are going to communicate with each other IDENTIFY 4 THINGS THAT WERE IMPORTANT IN FULFILLING THIS COMMUNICATION. How would you define communication?  DEFINING COMMUNICATION Communication is an integral part of our daily lives, enabling us to connect, share, and exchange thoughts, ideas, and information with one another. ► The word communication is derived from the Latin terms cum munis [to make common] and communicare [to share]. (Weekley, 1967). ► Communication is the process of sending and receiving message/information through verbal or nonverbal means. (Nordquist, 2019). Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01  WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups through various channels such as spoken or written language, body language, gestures, and visual representations. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction that enables understanding, connection, and the sharing of knowledge and emotions. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Defining Communication CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION? ► Inevitable- Communication is inevitable; that is, in interactional situations it is always taking place, even when a person may not intend or want to communicate. ► Dynamic- Communication is a dynamic process. It goes way beyond the words we say. Communication encompasses both verbal and non verbal elements. It is not static but always changing. As it deals with change of behavior it changes constantly. ► Irreversible - Another all-important attribute of communication is its irreversibility. Once you say something or click “send” on your e-mail, you cannot uncommunicate the message. You can, of course, try to reduce its effects. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION? ► Communication is adaptive – communication takes place with an intention to achieve some outcome. In this process it must adapt to change. Thus, communication must pay attention to the other person, to the topic, to the physical surroundings, to motives and needs, and to other elements that we will study in this text. The ability to adjust and adapt to changing situation is a characteristic of effective communication.  THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS ► The communication process refers to a series of actions or steps taken in order to successfully communicate. It involves several components such as the sender of the communication, the actual message being sent, the encoding of the message, the receiver and the decoding of the message. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Sender Message Receiver The sender is the individual who The message is the core The receiver is the individual or initiates the communication content of the group who receives and process by formulating and communication, consisting of interprets the message. The transmitting a message. The the information, ideas, or effectiveness of communication sender's intention is to convey emotions that the sender relies heavily on the receiver's information, ideas, or emotions intends to share with the ability to comprehend and to the receiver. receiver. interpret the message accurately. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Channel Feedback Noise The channel refers to the means Feedback is an essential Noise refers to any by which the message is component of the interference, disruption, or conveyed from the sender to the communication process, barrier that hinders the receiver. Different channels as it enables the sender to smooth transmission and include face-to-face interactions, gauge the receiver's reception of a message phone conversations, and written understanding and between the sender and correspondence. response to the message. receiver. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODEL The communication process model emphasizes the dynamic and interactive nature of communication, with both the sender and receiver actively participating in the exchange of information. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01  THE COMMUNICATION MODEL Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODEL The communication process model is a fundamental framework that illustrates how messages are exchanged between a sender and a receiver. It outlines the sequential steps involved in successful communication, providing insights into how information is encoded, transmitted, decoded, and how feedback is received. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 The Communication Process Model  STEPS IN THE Transmitting Once the message is encoded, the sender PROCESS 03 transmits it through a chosen communication channel. The channel can vary. Conceptualization Decoding This begins when the sender thinks about During decoding, the receiver interprets 01 the message. The sender develops an idea to be sent. 04 and assigns meaning to the message based on their understanding, knowledge, and personal experiences. Encoding Feedback 02 The sender formulates the message by translating their After decoding the message, the receiver provides a 05 thoughts, ideas, or emotions into response or reaction to the sender, indicating their a communicable form. This understanding and interpretation of the message. process involves choosing the Feedback is important as it serves as evidence that the appropriate words. message was received and how the message was received Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 The Communication Process Model  THE COMMUNICATION MODEL Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication Activity: Identify the elements of the communication process. 1 3 2 4 5 ANSWERS  You have 8 minutes to get some fresh air and stretch.  FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION LET'S START HERE How would you define? 1. Facilitators of communication 2. Barriers of communication FACILITATORS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS A facilitator of the communication is anything that helps the communication process to flow smoothly and the message is received and understood. ► Appropriate Message Format ► Appropriate Language ► Accessible Channel ► Aids that enhance the encoding of the message Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication FACILITATORS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS Appropriate Message Format Messages should be properly put together or organized so that the receiver can understand it. Appropriate Language Language should be easily understood (intelligible) In using appropriate language, one must take into account the context of communication and the knowledge, ability and educational capacity of the audience. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication FACILITATORS OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS Accessible Channels: When communicating, it is imperative that the sender ensures that the channels are available to the audience. Also, the audience needs to be able to use the channel. Appropriate Language Audio and visual aids may help to make the message more audience friendly and easier to understand. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION A barrier to the communication is anything that interferes with or inhibits the communication process. Anything that causes the understanding of the message to be negatively affected is called a barrier. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION ► Internal and External barriers ► Ambiguous message ► Inappropriate message format ► Inaccessible channel ► Language barrier ► The use of jargon ► Cultural differences ► Expectations and prejudices Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION ► Internal Barriers: ► External Barriers These are internal or personal These are conditions outside of the conditions that are peculiar to the receiver’s control that may have a receiver. This may involve ability, negative impact on his/her ability to perception, personal experiences access the message. Examples: or knowledge. actual noise or other distractions in Examples: fatigue, hunger, stress, the environment, the speaker headache or other kind of pain, having a speech impediment. hearing impediment. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION ► Ambiguous message ► Inaccessible Channels This is an unclear message This is where the message channel that may have a double is unavailable or unreachable to meaning; this may result in the receiver/audience. confusion. ► Inappropriate message format Inappropriate Message Format if the message is not properly structured then this may impair communication Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION ► Language barrier ► Expectations and prejudices If the sender and the receiver These can affect both the are from different language encoding and the decoding communities, the language of the message, with the chosen for communication result that the message is needs to be one that is not received as it was known to both. intended. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION ► Cultural differences ► The use of jargon If the sender and the receiver are The use of any words from different cultural backgrounds, not familiar to the in addition to the likely existence of receiver will make the a language barrier there may be message less easy for additional factors adversely him/her to understand. affecting communication. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication WRAP UP Key Takeaways: Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, and emotions between individuals. The communication process model involves encoding, transmitting, decoding, and feedback. Factors like context, noise, and cultural differences can impact communication outcomes. Importance of Effective Communication: Fosters mutual understanding and builds strong relationships. Enhances teamwork, problem-solving, and decision-making. Facilitates success in personal, academic, and professional endeavors. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 READING FOR NEXT CLASS Forms of Communication 01 Verbal Communication 02 Nonverbal Communication  ASSIGNMENT: ORAL PRESENTATION In groups of 5 you will: explain the factors that intentionally or unintentionally influence audience reception in the communication process; 5. fallacies of reasoning 1. miscommunication; 3. bias; misinterpretation; (hasty generalization, misinformation gender-biased language; false analogy, faulty causation or post hoc, 2. noise (semantic or begging the question, 4. cultural differences physical, internal or red herring, strawman, and age differences. external) either/or fallacy); Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication  ASSIGNMENT: ORAL PRESENTATION In groups of 5 you will explain the factors that communicators may deliberately use to influence audience response using appropriate examples; 6. misinformation, 8. fallacies of reasoning, disinformation false flag 7. propaganda and fake 9. deepfake, big lie, news, conspiracy theories gaslighting Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication THANK YOU FOR ATTENTIVELY LISTENING