Commercial Law Lectures PDF

Commercial Law Dr. yara El Gendy The commercial life in Egypt stayed for a long time reigned by the rules of the trade code issued on November 13, 1883. This law has been abrogated by the law issued in 1999. In this edition we discuss in three parts as the following:  Part one: the banking o...

Commercial Law Dr. yara El Gendy The commercial life in Egypt stayed for a long time reigned by the rules of the trade code issued on November 13, 1883. This law has been abrogated by the law issued in 1999. In this edition we discuss in three parts as the following:  Part one: the banking operation.  Part two: the commercial contracts.  Part three: the commercial papers  Part one Banking Operations  Four Chapters Chapter one : The money deposit Chapter Two : Banking account Chapter Three: The letter of guarantee Chapter Four : The banking credits We cannot deny the important role of the bank in the modern time, in the economic structure in any state even the developed or the advanced state. The banks play an important work in the economic life to any society. The progress of the nation is measured by the rapid and the width of the actives of the banks. Bank, then, has played a very important role in the economic development of all the nations of the world, as some writers say that the banking in fact is the life blood of modern commerce. The modern commerce is so depended upon banking that any cessation of banking activity, even for a day or two, would completely paralyses the economic life of a nation. The modern commerce is depended upon banking activity , From its original scope of taking care of other people’s money and lending a part of it, banking has developed in countries like England, France and the U.S.A, there is hardly a business deal in which then assistance of a bank is not include one form or another. Another jurists says that banking is an essential industry. This industry affects the welfare of every other industry and the economy as a whole. They see that when the banks stop lending and accepting the risks that go with it the rest of the economy and prices fall , and business begins to fails, land and security prices fall, unemployment lines lengthen, Healthy banks and healthy economies just seem to go together. we can say as some jurists said that banking is one of the most heavily regulated businesses in the world. Therefore, no one can start a bank without some government’s permission to do so, and no one can close a bank without the government’s approval.  Banks are considered among the most important financial institutions in the economy because they are the principal source of credit, loanable funds, for millions of individuals and families moreover for small enterprises and for many units of governments, as schools, universities, districts, cities, countries, governorates, moreover.   The banking industry constitutes of private and state- owned companies worldwide, affects the welfare of every other industry and the economy as a whole. History of the Bank  The position in Egypt:  There were many foreign banks in Egypt till the year 1920, when the pioneer of the Egyptian economy Mr. Talaat Harb established Bank Misr as a national bank, all the shareholders and the members of the management of the bank were Egyptian citizens. Definition Of Bank :  There is not definite definition to the bank , Some jurists return this difficulty to the changing functions of the bank and the functions. That many financial institutions including security dealers, brokerage, and insurance company, are trying to be similar as possible to bank in the service they offer.