Command and Control Study Guide PDF

Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections, Book 1 Second Edition By Robert Murgallis and Burton Phelps Study by Chapter About Authors Technical Support ...

Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections, Book 1 Second Edition By Robert Murgallis and Burton Phelps Study by Chapter About Authors Technical Support  Chapter List Ch. 1 – Introduction Ch. 2 – Incident Scene Decision Making Ch. 3 – Practical Application of ICS Ch. 4 – Safety Ch. 5 – Introduction to Building Construction Ch. 6 – Single-Family Unattached Dwellings Ch. 7 – Garden Apartments Ch. 8 – Strip Shopping Centers Ch. 9 – Vacant Commercial Buildings Ch. 10 – Lumberyards Ch. 11 – Small Hotels and Boarding Houses Ch. 12 – Enclosed Malls Ch. 13 – Transportation Incidents Ch. 14 – Resource Management Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Opening Screen Oklahoma State University  About the Authors Robert Murgallis has been associated with the fire service for more than 40 years, having retired as a deputy chief of the City of Santa Clara, California, Fire Department. He is a graduate of the National Fire Academy’s Executive Fire Officer’s Program, and holds an Associate of Fire Science and a Bachelor of Science in Public Administration degrees. He has been a fire service instructor for more than 30 years, including more than 25 years as an adjunct faculty member and course developer at the National Fire Academy. Chief Murgallis is the owner of Custom Seminars, a consulting firm specializing in custom course design and assessment lab development for the fire service. He served on staff at the National Fire Academy for 7 years, as the Program Chair for the Incident Management curriculum. Currently he is a member of the Baltimore Regional Type 3 Incident Management Team serving as a Planning Section Chief and Operations Section Chief. He is a regular presenter at fire service conferences on such topics as training, management, and operations. In addition to this book, Chief Murgallis has written numerous articles for trade publications, co-authored Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Solutions II, and was a contributing author of Model Procedures Guides of High-Rise Firefighting and Hazardous Materials Response. Burton W. Phelps was a 30 year veteran of the fire service, having retired as a deputy chief of the Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Fire Department. He holds an Associate of Fire Science and a Bachelor of Science in Management degrees. He was a fire service instructor for 40 years, including 30 years as an adjunct faculty member and course developer at the National Fire Academy. Chief Phelps was the owner of Burton W. Phelps, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in ICS and strategy – tactics course design for the fire service. He was also president Innovative Computer Simulations, Inc., a fire service software company. He was a founding member and exercise manager of the Baltimore Regional Type 3 Incident Management Team Chief Phelps has made several presentations at trade conferences in the areas of training and operations. In addition to this book, Chief Phelps has written numerous articles for trade publications, co-authored Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections II, was a contributing author of Model Procedures Guides on Structural Firefighting, High-Rise Firefighting and Hazardous Materials Response. DEDICATION: This Study Guide is dedicated to all of those young firefighters and newly promoted company officers whose courage and dedication will only serve to enhance the American Fire Service. DISCLAIMER: This Study Guide was developed to be an adjunct to the text, Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections (Book 1, 2nd edition). Both publications are designed to provide a better understanding of the Incident Command System and provide information that might be helpful in organizing resources and developing strategy and tactics. Users of this publication are reminded that this is reference book and the reader should follow all appropriate policies, procedures, and safety practices when engaging in any of the activities described in these books. Neither the authors nor the publisher expresses or implies any guarantees regarding any of the material or information contained in these publications. Nor shall the authors or the publisher be held libel for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting in whole or part, directly or indirectly, from the reader’s use, misuse, or reliance on, this material or revisions of this material. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Opening Screen Oklahoma State University  Technical Support Fire Protection Publications Oklahoma State University 930 N. Willis Stillwater, OK 74078-8045 Toll Free: 1-800-654-4055 email: [email protected] Online: www.ifsta.org How to Use the Study Guide License Information Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  How to Use the Study Guide This Study Guide is developed to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to the second edition of Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections: Book 1. It identifies important information and concepts from each chapter and provides questions to help the reader study and retain this information. The questions are designed to help you retain information and make you think; they are not intended to trick or mislead you. Read the questions carefully, do not read anything into the question, and select the most correct answer. To achieve the maximum learning experience from this guide, the following procedure is recommended: Step 1: Read one chapter at a time in the: Command and Control: ICS, Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections text. As the chapter is read, important terms and key concepts should be highlighted and/or underlined. Step 2: After reading the chapter, open the Study Guide to the corresponding chapter and answer all the questions. Once you have answered all the questions check your answers against the answer sheet found at the end of each chapter in the Study Guide. If any of the questions were answered incorrectly, go back to the text and review the explanation. The reference page(s) for the correct answer is in parentheses after each question. Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each chapter. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Technical Support Oklahoma State University  License Agreement PLEASE READ THIS LICENSE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SOFTWARE. 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If any provision of this License shall be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed severable from this License and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. This is the entire agreement between the parties relating to the subject matter herein and shall not be modified except in writing, signed by both parties. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Technical Support Oklahoma State University  Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction Chapter 1 Scenario Problems Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 1 Introduction This study guide was designed to assist readers in determining how thoroughly they have read and understood the concepts covered in Command and Control: ICS. Strategy Development, and Tactical Selections: Book 1. It is recommended that the student answer ALL of the questions for each chapter before going back to review that chapter. Remember, do not read into or “add” information to the question. Always look for and select the BEST or MOST correct answer. The number in parentheses following a question is the page number where the information on which the question is based is presented. You will notice that at the end of the questions for chapters 4 through 14, we have added a scenario relevant to the specific chapter. For each of these scenarios there are several questions. We have also provided “suggested answers”. It is important that you realize that we have provided AN answer, not the only answer. Your answer may differ from the book answer depending on agency specifics, your staffing levels, your selection of a different approach, or some other reason. It is not important that your answer may differ from the book answer. What is important is that you applied correct ICS, addressed incident priorities, addressed firefighter safety, provided for a RIC, and developed your answer based on sound strategy and tactics. We are aware that staffing levels and numbers of resources responding vary greatly throughout the country. You may have more or less than what we have outlined below. However, for purposes of consistency, the resources available in this study guide for the scenarios that require the assignment of resources are: 1st Alarm 2nd Alarm Battalion Chief 1 Battalion Chief 2 Engine 1 (4 persons) Engine 5 (3) Engine 2 (3) Engine 6 (3) Engine 3 (3) Engine 7 (3) Truck 2 (3) Truck 5 (3) Engine 4 (3) Medic 1 (2) Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 1 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 1 Scenario: You arrive on scene of a three-story garden apartment with a single front entrance, no rear entrances, and no front or rear balconies. It is Wednesday at 1100 hours. Outside temperature is 78 degrees and winds are 5 miles per hour out of the West. Some of the occupants have self-evacuated and are standing around on side A. You are getting conflicting stories on the number of occupants still inside. List three problems and what tactical and ICS solutions you would apply. NOTE: Answers have been inserted to provide an example. Normally answers would follow the chapter. Problem 1: Confinement of fire to second floor. Prevent extension to third floor. Protect the stairs to facilitate rescue. Tactical Solution: Establish a water supply. Advance two lines to the second floor and two additional lines to the third floor. ICS Solution: Assign Division 2 and Division 3 in that order. Provide Divisions with adequate resources to do the job. Problem 2: Occupants trapped on the fire floor and/or the floor above. Tactical Solution: An immediate need for a rescue assignment with adequate resources. ICS Solution: Assign a Rescue Group or assign sufficient resources to the Divisions to accomplish rescues. Problem 3: Building charged with smoke. Tactical Solution: An immediate need for aggressive ventilation starting on the fire floor, then the floor above the fire. ICS Solution: The preferred method would be to establish a Vent Group and provide them with enough resources to do the job. It could also be accomplished by giving the Divisions additional resources and direction to handle the ventilation assignment. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 1 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 1 Answers: Scenario: Problem 1 – Confinement of fire on second floor, prevent extension to third floor and protect the stairs to facilitate rescue. Tactical Solution – Establish a water supply and get a minimum of two lines to second floor and two additional lines to the third floor. ICS Solution – Establish Division 2 and Division 3, in that order, assign adequate resources. Problem 2 – Occupants trapped on the fire floor and/or floor above the fire. Tactical Solution – There is an immediate need for a rescue assignment with adequate resources. ICS Solution – Establish a Rescue Group or assign sufficient resources to Division 2 and Division 3 to accomplish rescue. Problem 3 – Building charged with smoke. Tactical Solution – There is an immediate need for aggressive ventilation starting on the fire floor then the floor above. ICS Solution – Preferred method is to establish a Vent Group with adequate resources. However, it could also be accomplished by giving the Divisions additional resources and direction to handle ventilation. Ventilation efforts must be coordinated with fire attack. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 1 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 2 Incident Scene Decision Making Quiz Questions Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 2 Questions: 1. Incident scene decision makers use ________ primary method(s) to reach conclusions, determine results and institute actions. Select the correct number. (11) a. A single b. Two c. Three d. Four 2. When using the Classical decision making process, the first thing that must be done is: (11) a. Evaluate resources. b. Select the tactics. c. Determine the problem(s). d. Gather information. 3. The study by Klein and Associates determined that experienced Incident Commanders most often use the Classical decision making process. (13) a. True b. False. 4. Recognition-Primed (or Naturalistic) decision making process is based on the decision makers’ experience, how many times they have faced this or a similar situation. (13) a. True. b. False. 5. When referring to the decision making process, a prototype is a previously encountered situation similar enough to the current situation to indicate an effective course of action. (13) a. True b. False. 6. The Classical decision making process is quicker and should be used whenever possible. (15) a. True b. False 7. All of the following statement about Classical decision making are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (15) a. Classical method should be used for preplanning. b. Classical method is used during Post-Incident Analysis and review of case studies. c. Classical method is used when you have significant experience with the specific type of incident. d. Classical method is used when decision makers are in the training mode. 8. The Classical method should be used when: (15) a. You have little or no training with the incident type. b. The incident cues are unfamiliar and do not immediately lead to appropriate action. c. You feel lost, overwhelmed, unable to think, or are in a panic. d. All of the above. 9. When using the Command Sequence which of the items listed below are considered to be actions? (17) a. Size-up, implementing the Action Plan, Tasks b. Implementing the Action Plan, Strategy & Tactics, Size-up c. Problem Identification, Size-up, tasks d. Action Plan, Strategy & Tactics, Size-up. 10. “The process of gathering and analyzing incident information that affects our decision-making” is the definition of: (18) a. Action Planning b. Classical decision making. c. Naturalistic decision making. d. Size-up. 11. The three phases of size-up are: (18) a. Pre-incident Information, Dispatch through on-scene size-up, on-going size-up. b. Pre-incident Information, Response, Strategy & Tactics. c. Pre-incident Information, Time, Action Plan d. Pre-incident Information, Problem Identification, On-going Size-up. 12. Pre-incident Information includes all of the items listed below except one. Which item is not considered pre-incident information? (18) e. Building Construction. f. Water Supply – location and quantity. g. Hazards to Personnel. h. Time of Alarm. 13. WALLACE WAS HOT is an acronym for size-up considerations. This Acronym is generally used by the Incident Commander during phase two of the size-up process. (19) a. True b. False. 14. When using the Command Sequence, which of the following are considered results? (20) a. Problem Identification, Implementing the Action Plan, Tasks. b. Action Plan, Problem Identification, Tasks. c. Strategy & Tactics, Action Plan, Size-up. d. Size-up, Action Plan, Problem Identification. 15. The primary goal of size-up is: (20) a. Develop a written Incident Action Plan. b. Determine required tasks. c. Determine Occupancy Type and Occupant Load d. Identify the Problem(s). 16. Effective Incident Commanders must: (21) a. Develop the ability to predict changes in the incident. b. Remain somewhat pessimistic no matter how well things are going. c. Develop a good knowledge of building construction. d. All of the above. 17. Size-up must be a continuous process from the first arriving officer until the last officer leaves the scene. (20) a. True b. False 18. Once you determine your problem and develop your Incident Objectives, they should not change and form your guiding principle. (20) a. True b. False. 19. Strategy is part of the “think” process, not the “act” process. At the strategy level you should be prioritizing the action to be taken, NOT taking action. (22) a. True b. False. 20. RECEO VS is an acronym used to develop strategies. It stands for Recovery, Exposure, Confinement, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Ventilation, and Salvage. (22) a. True b. False 21. Your evaluation of the effectiveness of tactical operations should cycle you back to the first step in the command sequence – size-up, and may cause you to change your strategy in the middle of the incident. (25) a. True b. False 22. In order to effectively use the Recognition Primed (Naturalistic) method of decision making you must acquire a knowledge base comprised solely of real incidents, training (synthetic knowledge) will not give you the foundation. (16) a. True b. False 23. The Command Sequence contains: (17) a. Two Action Steps, Two Results. b. Three Action Steps, Three Results. c. Three Action Steps, Two Results. d. Four Action Steps, Four Results. 24. Normally, we all initially try to use the Recognition Primed method of decision methodology when we have to respond to any challenge. (13) a. True b. False 25. “The process of gathering and analyzing information that affects our decision Making” is the definition of: (18). a. Naturalistic decision making. b. Recognition Prime decision making. c. Priority setting. d. Size Up. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 2 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 2 Answers: 1. B – Page 11. 16. D – Page 21. 2. D – Page 11. 17. A – Page 20. 3. B – Page 13. 18. B – Page 20. 4. A – Page 13. 19. A – Page 22. 5. A – Page 13. 20. B – Page 22. 6. B – Page 15. 21. A – Page 25. 7. C – Page 15. 22. B – Page 16. 8. D – Page 15. 23. B – Page 17. 9. B – Page 17. 24. A – Page 13. 10. D – Page 18. 25. D – Page 18. 11. A – Page 18. 12. D – Page 18. 13. A – Page 19. 14. B – Page 20. 15. D – Page 20. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 2 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 3 Practical Application of ICS Quiz Questions Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 3 Questions: 1. The Incident Command System was initially developed to resolve problems associated with multi-agency response to large wildland fires. (45) a. True b. False. 2. The majority of incident scene problems are not the result of poor tactical action. The problems most often occur at the command and control level. (47) a. True b. False 3. “A group of interrelated parts or functions designed to achieve a common goal” is the definition of a: (48) a. Division b. Unit c. Section d. System 4. Characteristics of the Incident Command System include all of the following except one. Which is the incorrect response? (51) a. It is a rank oriented system, building from the top down. b. It has evolved into an all-risk system. c. It uses common terminology. d. It uses common operating procedures. 5. Which position would NOT have a Deputy? (52) a. Incident Commander b. Branch Director c. Finance Section Chief d. Safety Officer 6. Which position would have an Assistant? (52) a. Branch Director. b. Operations Section Chief c. Liaison Officer d. Planning Section Chief. 7. Unity of Command means that everyone has only one boss. (52) a. True b. False 8. The five major functions of ICS are: (53) a. Command, Safety, Liaison, PIO, RIC. b. Command, Operations, Safety, Planning, Finance/Admin. c. Command, Operations, Logistics, Planning, Finance/Admin. d. Command, Operations, Planning, Staging, Logistics. 9. The ICS organization is designed solely for use on emergency response. (51) a. True b. False 10. The first arriving Fire Department member should assume command regardless of rank. (51) a. True b. False. 11. When passing command, the officer assuming command must be on scene before taking over and must contact the officer who passed command. (53) a. True. b. False. 12. All of the following statements regarding Transfer of Command are correct except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (56) a. Command may be transferred up or down. b. Best method to transfer command is face to face. c. Command is always transferred to the senior officer. d. A briefing should always take place between the incoming and out going Incident Commanders. 13. The Command Staff includes Safety, Liaison, and PIO. (57) a. True b. False 14. The PIO is responsible for gathering incident information, approving media reports, and releasing incident information to the media. (58) a. True b. False. 15. Who has overall responsibility for incident management? (57) a. Operations Section Chief. b. Incident Commander. c. Division Supervisor. d. Branch Director. 16. Who is responsible for providing facilities, services, and materials for the incident? (73) a. Staging. b. Finance/Administration. c. Liaison. d. Logistics. 17. When an incident occurs within the boundaries of one jurisdiction and one agency has responsibility for incident control, which type of command structure should be used? (75) a. Unified Command. b. Single Command. c. Consolidated Command. d. Functional Command. 18. Five engine companies of the same type with like equipment and capabilities, common communications, and under the supervision of an identified leader, is an example of a: (60 & 61) a. Strike Team. b. Task Force. c. Single Resource. d. Attack Crew. 19. The point of contact for assisting and/or cooperating agencies is the: (58) a. Logistics Section Chief. b. Planning Section Chief. c. Liaison Officer. d. PIO. 20. Who is responsible for the collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of the incident and resource status? (71) a. PIO b. Planning Section Chief. c. Liaison Officer. d. Operations Section Chief. 21. An organizational level responsible for operations in a specific geographical area is a: (65) a. Group. b. Division. c. Section. d. Branch. 22. ICS sets the optimal span of control at: (51) a. 5:1 b. 7:1 c. 10:1 d. 15:1 23. When an ICS organization requires more than five Divisions and/or Groups, what organizational level may be staffed to maintain an acceptable span of control. (69) a. Section. b. Strike Team. c. Task Force. d. Branch. 24. Two engine companies and one truck company with common communications are assembled for a temporary assignment under the supervision of an identified leader is a: (60) a. Strike Team. b. Task Force. c. Single Resource. d. Crew. 25. An organizational level responsible for a specified functional assignment at an Incident is a: (66) a. Group. b. Division. c. Section. d. Branch. 26. Who is responsible for the management of all tactical activity at the incident? (59) a. Logistics Section Chief. b. Planning Section Chief. c. Division/Group Supervisor. d. Operations Section Chief. 27. The General Staff is comprised of those people who perform the four major functions. They are: (59) a. Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance/Administration. b. Operations, Resource Manager, Logistics, Finance/Administration. c. Operations, Safety, Staging, Finance/Administration. d. Operations, RIC, Logistics, Finance/Administration. 28. Staging is directly responsible to: (62) a. Resource Manager. b. Logistics. c. Operations. d. Planning. 29. All of the statements regarding staging are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (62) a. There may be more than one staging area at an incident. b. Resources ready for immediate assignment are kept at staging. c. Staging in a high rise building is generally two floors below the fire. d. The ICS title for the supervisor of Staging is “Director”. 30. According to ICS, when dividing up an incident scene you generally start at the address side and: (65) a. Go counter-clockwise designating the sides A, B, C, and D. b. Go clock-wise designating the sides A, B, C, and D. c. Go counter-clockwise designating the sides 1, 2, 3, and 4. d. Go clock-wise designating the sides 1, 2, 3, and 4. 31. Groups only work for Divisions in multi-story building where functional responsibility crosses geographical boundaries. (65) a. True. b. False. 32. According to ICS the correct title for the person supervising a Branch is: (52) a. Manager. b. Director. c. Leader. d. Section Chief. 33. Branches are only used in the Operations Section. (73) a. True. b. False. 34. The responsibilities of the Planning Section include all but one of the following. Which one is not a planning responsibility? (71) a. Determine the need for specialized equipment in support of the incident. b. Develop alternative strategies. c. Incident security. d. Develop a demobilization plan. 35. Every incident has an Incident Action Plan. (71) a. True. b. False. 36. The Planning Section is comprised of five units. Those units include: (72) a. Resource Unit, Documentation Unit, Demobilization Unit. b. Situation Unit, Technical Specialists, Ground Support Unit. c. Rehab Unit, Communications Unit, Resource Unit. d. Documentation Unit, Situation Unit, Ground Support Unit. 37. Planning Section assembles and distributes the Incident Action Plan. As part of their responsibilities they also develop and include the communications and medical plans. (71 & 72). a. True. b. False. 38. The Logistics Section is comprised of six units. Those units include: (74) a. Supply Unit, Food Unit, Procurement Unit. b. Facilities Unit, Communications Unit, Resources Unit. c. Medical Unit, Supply Unit, Ground Support Unit. d. Food Unit, Demobilization Unit, Ground Support Unit. 39. According to ICS, the person supervising a “Unit” is called a: (73) a. Manager. b. Supervisor. c. Director. d. Leader. 40. The Unit primarily responsible for ordering personnel and equipment is the: (74) a. Resource Unit. b. Supply Unit: c. Staging Unit. d. Facilities Unit. 41. The Finance/Administration Section is comprised of four units. They include: (75) a. Comptroller Unit, Procurement Unit, Cost Unit b. Compensation/Claims Unit, Cost Unit, Time Unit. c. Procurement Unit, Supply Unit, Compensation/Claims Unit. d. Time Unit, Cost Unit, Facilities Unit. 42. Liability issues pertaining to the incident would be handled by the Finance/Administration Section. (75) a. True. b. False. 43. “All agencies with incident responsibilities, either jurisdictional or Functional, jointly provide management direction”. This is a definition of: (75) a. Unity of Command. b. Unified Command. c. Unilateral Command. d. Single Command. 44. If an event is multi-agency, a Unified Area Command may be established. (75) a. True. b. False. 45. The “team effort” approach of Unified Command allows for the accomplishment of the mission without any agency abdicating its authority, responsibility, or accountability. (75) a. True. b. False. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 3 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 3 Answers: 1. A – Page 45. 21. B – Page 65. 41. B – Page 75. 2. A – Page 47. 22. A – Page 51. 42. A – Page 75. 3. D – Page 48. 23. D – Page 69. 43. B – Page 75. 4. A – Page 51. 24. B – Page 60. 44. A – Page 75. 5. D – Page 52. 25. A – Page 66. 45. A – Page 75. 6. C – Page 52. 26. D – Page 59. 7. A – Page 52. 27. A – Page 59. 8. C – Page 53. 28. C – Page 62. 9. B – Page 51. 29. D – Page 62. 10. A – Page 51 30. B – Page 65. 11. A – Page 53. 31. B – Page 65. 12. C – Page 56. 32. B – Page 52. 13. A – Page 57. 33. B – Page 69. 14. B – Page 58. 34. C – Page 71. 15. B – Page 57. 35. A – Page 71. 16. D – Page 73. 36. A – Page 72. 17. B – Page 75. 37. B – Pages 71 & 72. 18. A – Pages 60 & 61. 38. C – Page 74. 19. C – Page 58. 39. D – Page 73. 20. B – Page 71. 40. B – Page 74. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 3 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 4 Safety Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 4 Questions: 1. Safety is an attitude. (91) a. True b. False 2. Risk/benefit analysis must be a continuous process throughout the incident. (91) a. True b. False. 3. NFPA® 1581 is the standard for Fire Department Safety Officer. (91) a. True b. False 4. Which is the most correct response? At a minimum, written policies and guidelines must address: a. A team approach to tasks. b. Sufficient hose lines. c. A Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC). d. All of the above. 5. Failure to enforce rules and regulations make them ineffective. Personnel who violate safety procedures must be disciplined even if they are injured when violating the rules. (93). a. True b. False 6. When doing a risk/benefit analysis, resources must be considered. All of the following except one are resource cues that must be considered. Which is not a resource cue? (94 & 95). a. Mode of operation. b. Are sufficient personnel available? c. Is sufficient water available for both firefighting and back-up lines? d. Are adequate resources available to handle potential escalation? 7. Victims in the area of a flashover can perish in one minute or less. (95) a. True. b. False. 8. When considering exposure protection, building condition, weather, distance and degree of involvement are all considerations. Using the rule-of-thumb, any building 50 feet from the involved building is not considered an exposure. (95) a. True. b. False. 9. All but one of the following are cues that should be considered before making decisions regarding ventilation. Which one is not considered a ventilation cue? (96) a. Firefighters working above the fire. b. Type of roof construction. c. Pre-burn time. d. Are the utilities secured? 10. All personnel, regardless of rank, have the responsibility to make practical risk/benefit judgments regarding life safety. (97) a. True. b. False. 11. An effective command officer must always remain optimistic, gathering information, anticipating problems and looking for new cues. (97) a. True. b. False. 12. Frequently a structural collapse is caused by a single defect. (98) a. True. b. False. 13. Staffing the position of Incident Safety Officer is critical. The incident commander may use any firefighter who has a good understanding of basic fire fighting policies and procedures. (99) a. True. b. False. 14. The criteria for when to staff the Safety Officer position is flexible and will vary from department to department. (99) a. True. b. False. 15. Unprotected steel will not support its own weight at 1100 degrees and lightweight wood truss assemblies can fail in less than 5 minutes under fire conditions. (100) a. True. b. False. 16. An Assistant Safety Officer Haz Mat is required by law. (100) a. True. b. False. 17. The most common duty being performed by firefighters when injured is fireground training. (101) a. True. b. False. 18. When analyzing firefighter fatalities, it is determined that 20 – 25% of firefighters are killed when responding to and returning from alarms. (102) a. True. b. False. 19. The most tragic statistic is the 13% of firefighters killed during training because we have the greatest ability to reduce that figure. (102) a. True. b. False. 20. The top five causes contributing to firefighter fatalities include all but one of the following. Which one is not one of the top five causes? (102) a. Inadequate risk assessment. b. Age and experience. c. Lack of standard operating procedures. d. Lack of incident command. 21. The two in/two out procedures are required by 29CFR1910.134, without exception, once firefighters begin an interior attack. (103) a. True. b. False. 22. Not all firefighters are covered by the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard. (103 & 104) a. True. b. False. 23. The composition of a RIC may be agency specific but should consist of a minimum of two fully equipped firefighters. (105) a. True. b. False. 24. RIC should always be located in proximity to Command/Operations for rapid deployment. (105) a. True. b. False. 25. Command Officers must be ready to establish Responder Rehab as soon as the need arises. (107) a. True. b. False. 26. According to NFPA® 1584 crews must go to a formal rehab area, be re-hydrated, get a medical evaluation and rest for a minimum of 20 minutes after any of the following criteria except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (108) a. The depletion of two 45 minute SCBA cylinders. b. Following 40 minutes of work without a SCBA. c. After working in encapsulating suits. d. Depletion of two 30 minute cylinders. 27. Responder Rehab is located in the: (108) a. Planning Section. b. Logistics Section. c. Operations Section. d. Medical Group. 28. The Rehab Unit is frequently set up near the Morgue Unit on mass casuality incidents. (109) a. True. b. False 29. The ability to recognize and predict changes in the incident scene plays a key role in firefighter safety. (110) a. True. b. False. 30. The most important condition of a Personnel Accountability System it that it meets jurisdictional needs. (114) a. True. b. False. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 4 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 4 Scenario: The well-informed Incident Commander will consider every available cue when making risk-benefit decisions and never allow complacency to enter the decision making process. Each of the incident elements and/or actions present the IC with some “standard” cues regardless of the nature of the incident. These cues should help guide the IC to more correct decisions. Based on that concept answer the questions regarding cues relevant to the actions listed below. What are some of the Resource cues that affect decision making? What are some of the Rescue cues that affect decision making? What are some of the Exposure Protection cues that affect decision making? What are some of the Ventilation cues that affect decision making? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 4 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 4 Answers: 1. A – Page 91. 16. A – Page 100. 2. A – Page 91. 17. B – Page 101. 3. B – Page 91. 18. A – Page 102. 4. D – Page 92 & 93. 19. A – Page 102. 5. A – Page 93. 20. B – Page 102. 6. A – Page 94 & 95. 21. B – Page 103. 7. A – Page 95. 22. A – Pages 103 & 104. 8. B – Page 95. 23. A – Page 105. 9. D – Page 96. 24. B – Page 105. 10. A – Page 97. 25. B – Page 107. 11. B – Page 97. 26. A – Page 108. 12. B – Page 98. 27. B – Page 108. 13. B – Page 99. 28. B – Page 109. 14. A – Page 99. 29. A – Page 110. 15. B – Page 100. 30. A – Page 114. Scenario Resource Cues include: - Is sufficient water available to fight the fire and provide back-up lines? - Are sufficient personnel available to handle the necessary tasks? - Are adequate resources available to handle the incident potential? Rescue Cues include: - Firefighters working above the fire, what are fire conditions below? - Open stairs/ one means of egress. - Possibility of becoming lost in the smoke, collapse potential. Ventilation cues include: - Type of roof construction; pre-burn time. - Firefighters working above the fire; open stairwell; secondary means of egress. - Pulling or pushing the fire on interior crews. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 4 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 5 Introduction to Building Construction Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 5 Questions: 1. Walking through buildings under renovation and/or construction increases your understanding of fire and heat travel. (127) a. True. b. False. 2. Pre-incident preparation is simply planning. (127) a. True. b. False. 3. Incident priorities may vary from incident to incident and it is important for the IC to recognize those changes in priorities. (128) a. True. b. False. 4. All of the following, except one, are incident specific conditions that might affect firefighter safety. Which condition does not directly affect firefighter safety? (128) a. Type of construction. b. Maze-like interior. c. Available resources. d. Building ownership. 5. Which of the following would be considered an indicator of structural instability? (128) a. Lightweight construction components. b. Steel roof supports. c. Building configuration. d. All are indicators of structural instability. 6. A pre-plan form for field use should be no more than six pages including a drawing. (128) a. True. b. False. 7. Which of the following is the most correct reason to consider defending in place? (129) a. Weather conditions. b. Mobility of occupants. c. Compartmentalization. d. All are valid reasons to defend in place. 8. This Chapter considers six construction types. They are: (129 & 130) a. Fire Resistive, Noncombustible, Masonry, Heavy Timber, Wood Frame and Lightweight. b. Fire Resistive, Noncombustible, Ordinary, Heavy Timber, Wood Frame and Lightweight. c. Fire Proof, Noncombustible, Ordinary, Heavy Timber, Wood Frame and Lightweight. d. Fire Resistive, Noncombustible, Modern Ordinary, Balloon Frame, Heavy Timber and Lightweight. 9. Each of the basic construction types, except Fire Resistive, has collapse hazards associated with it. (130) a. True. b. False. 10. There are three basic ways to design fire protection into a structure. (130) a. True. b. False. 11. If there is any doubt regarding the proper use of the HVAC system under fire conditions, you should first try it on a floor that has been evacuated. (130) a. True. b. False. 12. There are four sides to every fire: Alpha, Bravo, Charlie and Delta. All must be considered as threats. (130) a. True. b. False. 13. All buildings should be informally pre-planned. (130) a. True. b. False. 14. A Target Hazard can be any occupancy that would severely tax your resources. (131) a. True. b. False. 15. Given equal amounts of fire and burn time, all three types of wood frame construction collapse in approximately the same time frame. (131) a. True. b. False. 16. Which statement is incorrect regarding fire resistive construction? (132 & 133) a. All structural components are encased in concrete or sprayed with fire retardant material. b. Floors are comprised of fire resistive components. c. All structural components will withstand normal fire conditions for 4 hours. d. Stairs and corridors are fire rated. 17. Which of the following is not a fire suppression problem in Fire Resistive construction? (132) a. Large open areas. b. Poke through construction. c. Limited ventilation opportunities. d. Compartmentalization. 18. In noncombustible construction none of the structural components are combustible and do not add to the fuel load. (133) a. True. b. False. 19. Noncombustible buildings are subject to early collapse under fire conditions. (133) a. True. b. False. 20. Which of the following statements is not considered a strength of noncombustible construction? (133 & 134) a. Quick and easy to construct. b. Frequently has built-in fire protection. c. The load-carrying capacity. d. Exposed steel skeleton. 21. If structural steel members are restrained, expansion of several inches due to heat can cause rapid collapse. (134) a. True. b. False. 22. Ordinary construction typically has masonry exterior walls over a platform wood frame skeleton. (135) a. True. b. False. 23. The primary reason that floor joists were fire cut was to reduce the possibility of collapse. (136) a. True. b. False. 24. Often tie-rods or spreaders are the only thing preventing the collapse of a masonry wall in older Ordinary construction. (136) a. True. b. False. 25. All of the following, except one, are considered weaknesses of Ordinary construction. Which one is not considered a weakness? (138) a. Multiple renovations. b. Concealed spaces. c. Fire cut floor joists. d. Tie-rods. 26. The principle dangers in modern Ordinary construction is lightweight truss roof assemblies and common attics. (137) a. True. b. False. 27. All of the following statements regarding Heavy Timber construction, except one, are true. Which statement is incorrect? (138) a. Exterior wall are masonry. b. Walls are thicker at the base. c. They burn rapidly due to oil soaked wood and fire load. d. Main structural timbers are often a minimum of 8” x 8”. 28. All of the following, except one, are considered strengths of Heavy Timber construction. Which one is not considered a strength of heavy timber. (139) a. Non-combustible machinery. b. Scuppers to aid in water run off. c. Masonry exterior walls. d. Size of structural members. 29. There are three basic types of Wood Frame construction. (139) a. True. b. False. 30. The use of metal wall studs has become more prevalent presenting firefighters with additional safety hazards. (139) a. True. b. False. 31. Post and Beam frame construction was used almost exclusively in single family dwellings in the early 1900s. (140) a. True. b. False. 32. Balloon Frame construction provides no fire stopping from the basement to the attic. (140) a. True. b. False. 33. NFPA® standards require that all fasteners on wood truss assemblies be metal. (141) a. True. b. False. 34. Wooden I Beams are engineered floor and roof support members and can collapse in less than 10 minutes under fire conditions. (142) a. True. b. False. 35. Open web steel joists are commonly used in commercial construction. They are more resistant to early collapse because they are fabricated to industrial standards to support heavier loads. (143) a. True. b. False. 36. Forcible entry is more difficult and time consuming in occupancies with high impact windows and/or gypsum board. (144) a. True. b. False. 37. Structural Insulated Panels (SIP) melt under normal fire conditions. (145) a. True. b. False. 38. One of the strengths of Modular Homes is that they are constructed with smaller void spaces between the modules reducing the likelihood of fire spread. (145) a. True. b. False. 39. One of the most common occupancy specific hazards in Fire Resistive construction is that they are difficult to ventilate. (146) a. True. b. False. 40. One of the most common occupancy specific hazards in noncombustible educational facilities is poke through construction. (146) a. True. b. False. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 5 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 5 Scenario: You have arrived on the scene of a three-story, ordinary (old style) construction warehouse. Fire is visible on the sec- ond and third floors, about 50% involvement. What are some of the cues that will help you plan your strategy? What are some of the safety concerns you have and/or actions you would take? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 5 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 5 Answers: 1. A – Page 127. 16. C – Pages 132 & 133. 31. B – Page 140. 2. A – Page 127. 17. D – Page 132. 32. A – Page 140. 3. B – Page 28. 18. A – Page 133. 33. B – Page 141. 4. D – Page 128. 19. A – Page 133. 34. A – Page 142. 5. D – Page 128. 20. D – Pages 133 & 134. 35. B – Page 143. 6. B – Page 128. 21. A – Page 134. 36. A – Page 144. 7. D – Page 129. 22. B – Page135. 37. A – Page 145. 8. B – Pages 129 & 130. 23. A – Page 136. 38. B – Page 145. 9. B – Page 130. 24. B – Page 136. 39. A – Page 146. 10. A – Page 130. 25. C – Page 138. 40. B – Page 146. 11. B – Page 130. 26. A – Page 137. 12. B – Page 130. 27. C – Page 138. 13. A – Page 130. 28. A – Page 139. 14. A – Page 131. 29. A – Page 139. 15. B – Page 131. 30. A – Page 139. Scenario The answers given are only some of the possibilities. You will probably have others based on your experience and training. Cues that would drive strategic decisions: Volume of fire, two floors involved, construction age/type, signs of structural instability and building history. Safety concerns and/or actions: Defensive mode of operation, establishing a collapse zone, positioning of apparatus and crews, and available water supply. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 5 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 6 Single-Family Unattached Dwellings Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 6 Questions: 1. According to the United States Fire Administration’s National Fire Data Center, over 80% of all fire deaths occur in residential occupancies. (155). a. True. b. False. 2. Parallel cord wood truss or plywood I – beams are generally found in older wood frame construction. (155 & 156). a. True. b. False. 3. Due to the high percentage of firefighter fatalities in residential structures, firefighters cannot afford to treat residential fires as “bread and butter” operations. (155). a. True. b. False. 4. Bearing walls in single family dwellings are generally constructed using one of two basic methods. (146). Poured concrete with vinyl or aluminum siding or brick veneer. Wood frame with wood, vinyl or aluminum siding or brick veneer. a. True. b. False. 5. Ridge pole and rafter roof construction is generally found in older construction and wood trusses are most often used in modern construction. (157). a. True. b. False. 6. All of the following statements regarding Single Family Dwellings are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (158 & 159). a. Always assume that every single family dwelling is occupied 24 hours a day. b. Many newer dwellings have wood-truss floor and/or roof assemblies. c. Windows are normally plentiful in single family dwelling providing multiple points of access/egress. d. Single family dwellings, being wood construction, are prone to early collapse. 7. All but one of the following are cues that the fire has probably extended to the roof assembly. Which is not generally considered a cue that the fire has extended into the roof assembly? (159 & 160). a. Major fire involvement in one top floor room. b. Hot, rising smoke from attic vents. c. Smoke from the basement entrance. d. Fire has vented through the roof. 8. The following statements pertain to search and rescue in single family dwellings. Which is the incorrect statement? (161). a. Check the rear of the building immediately after arrival. b. Smoke conditions in the stairways may be heavy preventing the occupants from exiting. c. Divisions may do the primary search as long as adequate resources are assigned. d. Begin primary search on floor directly above the fire floor. 9. Older buildings may have pre-existing structural deficiencies, increasing the likelihood of fire spread. (160). a. True. b. False 10. The best option when fighting a basement fire in a single family dwelling is to locate the interior stairs and advance a line down the stairs, preventing the fire spread to the first floor. (163). a. True. b. False. 11. Basements are required to have at least one window and an exterior entrance. (163). a. True. b. False. 12. The primary function of early ventilation is to support confinement and extinguishment. (160). a. True. b. False. 13. Rescue problems in single family dwellings may be complicated by unattended children and elderly or infirm occupants. (158). a. True. b. False. 14. Which of the following type of roof construction is generally found in older single family dwellings? (157). a. Parallel-chord wood truss with plywood sheathing. b. Pitched wood-truss with 1-by-6 sheathing. c. Ridge-pole and rafter with 1-by-6 sheathing. d. None of the above. 15. Firefighters can often escape the fire room by breaching a partition wall. This technique is more difficult in balloon frame construction due to construction methods. (156). a. True. b. False. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 6 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 6 Scenario: A fire is reported in a two-story, single family dwelling. On arrival the first-in officer reports the following: “Engine 1 has arrived, location on Side A of the structure. There is hot smoke emitting from the roof eaves. This ap- pears to be an attic fire. Engine 1’s crew is: (you fill this in as an answer). Engine 1 officer is Command. What assignment would you give your crew as the first arriving unit? What is the assignment for the first arriving truck company? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 6 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 6 Answers: 1. A – Page 155. 2. B – Pages 155 & 156. 3. A– Page 155. 4. B – Page 156. 5. A – Page 157. 6. D – Pages 158 & 159. 7. C – Pages 159 & 160. 8. D – Page 161. 9. B – Page 160. 10. B – Page 163. 11. B – Page 163. 12. A – Page 160. 13. A – Page 158. 14. C – Page 157. 15. A – Page 156. Scenario Obviously we don’t have all the information and would have a better understanding of conditions upon entering the structure. However based on what we do know, one option would be: First arriving engine: The Officer would assume command. The engine would establish a water supply and the crew would prepare to make entry with a charged line to locate the fire and protect the stairs. First arriving truck: would begin ventilation and possibly initiate rescue. Location and volume of fire, occupant load, staffing levels and arrival of additional resources would all impact initial decisions. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 6 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 7 Garden Apartments Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 7 Questions: 1. All of the following statements regarding Garden Apartments are generally true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (173) a. Garden Apartments are usually three or four story structures. b. They are usually constructed with concrete block exterior walls. c. Garden Apartments usually have one exterior entrance with a common set of stairs to the upper floors. d. This cost effective style of building is found throughout the Country. 2. Wood frame Garden Apartments are generally built using which method of wood frame construction? (173) a. Platform. b. Balloon Frame. c. Post and Beam. d. None of the above. 3. Occupancy specific cues found in Garden Apartments are also applicable to some degree in Motels, Townhouses, and Condominiums. (174) a. True b. False. 4. A three story Garden Apartments will usually have a total of 12 apartments per building. (174). a. True. b. False. 5. Many Garden Apartments have flat roofs. All of the statements about flat roofs are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (174 & 175) a. The exterior coat is often tar and gravel. b. Flat roofs are safer because they are not lightweight construction. c. Older Garden Apartments will often have beam & rafter roof construction. d. Steel Bar Joist with poured concrete may be found in newer complexes. 6. Which of the following is not a type of lightweight wood truss construction? (175) a. Plywood and/or press wood I beams. b. Trusses with toe nailed joints. c. Trusses assembled with gang-nailers. d. Parallel-chord wood truss. 7. Vertical ventilation is critical to success in attic or cockloft fires. (184) a. True b. False 8. Even when a Garden Apartment has fire walls, it is not unusual to have a common attic space over four or more top apartments in a section. (174) a. True b. False 9. Which statement regarding entry to Garden Apartments is incorrect? (177) a. Usually a single front access door serves the common open stairwell of each section. b. Often these apartments have balconies with sliding glass door that may be used as entry points by firefighters. c. The common stairwell often becomes crowed with fleeing occupants hampering firefighters. d. Balconies present the easiest method of rescue during a serious fire. 10. Older Garden Apartments are commonly constructed with steel-bar joists and poured concrete floors. (174) a. True b. False 11. All of the following statements about storage rooms are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (178) a. Often they have chicken wire roofs and or sides allowing rapid fire spread. b. They are most often located on the first floor or basement areas. c. Building managers enforce strict guidelines on what can be stored. d. Washers and dryers may be located in the same area making it a likely place for a fire. (178) 12. Rescue operations at Garden Apartments may be very labor intensive and include all of the following except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (180). a. Some Garden Apartment complexes cater to the elderly and may require special considerations. b. Every unit should be considered occupied between the hours of 1500 and 0900 hours. c. A minimum of one EMS unit should be dispatched with the first alarm. d. The IC should recognize resource needs quickly and call additional alarms early. 13. Truss roofs are always a concern but tend to be more stable in Garden Apartments. (184). a. True. b. False. 14. A good rule of thumb for the IC is “if a roof is not safe enough to work on then firefighters should not be allowed to work under it.” (179). a. True. b. False. 15. The command officer has no time upon arrival at a Garden Apartment fire incident to determine roof and floor construction. This must be done during pre-planning activities. (178) a. True. b. False. 16. Of the following which is not a sign of probable roof assembly involvement? (179). a. Major fire involvement in one top-floor apartment. b. Heavy smoke throughout the first floor. c. Fire involvement in two or more top-floor apartments. d. Hot, rising smoke from attic vents. 17. The ability to predict is an important part of size-up. (179) a. True. b. False. 18. Wood frame Garden Apartments are prone to early collapse under fire conditions. (180) a. True. b. False. 19. All of the following statements regarding rescue operations at a Garden apartment fire are correct except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (181) a. Due to the potential risk, rescue operations should be assigned to the Divisions. b. Search and rescue operations are very resource intensive. c. Generally a search should begin on the fire floor, then the floor above. d. Each department should develop a standard search method and practice it. 20. Which of the following statements regarding rescue operations is correct? (181) a. The IC should establish a Rescue Group to handle this situation. b. Immediately begin a primary search of the involved occupancy. c. Check the rear of the building immediately after arrival. d. All of the above. 21. All of the statements regarding a fire in a Garden Apartment storage room are correct except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (178). a. Storage rooms are required to have 2 hour rated ceilings reducing likelihood of upward extension. b. Storage rooms may contain flammables and explosives as well as ordinary combustibles. c. Rapid ventilation is important. d. Aggressively attack with two lines, one of which is a backup line. 22. When there is a fire NOT involving a roof assembly, positive pressure ventilation should be established immediately. (183). a. True. b. False. 23. In a Garden Apartment with a first floor fire, a recommended ICS organization would include A Rescue Group, Ventilation Group, Division 1, Division 2 and Division 3 in addition to Command Staff functions. (182) a. True. b. False. 24. When faced with a well-involved fire in a roof assembly that serves more than one occupancy, all of the following are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (184). a. When roof construction is unknown assume lightweight. b. Vertically ventilate as close to fire as safety permits. c. Confinement of fire is a high priority. d. Once a large ventilation hole is cut fire can be attacked using a ladder pipe. 25. Type of building construction will: (185) a. Have an impact on firefighter safety. b. Influence the spread of heat, fire, and smoke. c. Aid the IC in making predictions about the incident. d. All of the above. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 7 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 7 Scenario: A three-story, modern ordinary construction, Garden Apartment section has a common attic over the top four apart- ments. There is a fire in a third floor apartment involving approximately 50% of one bedroom. What problems are created and what tactical and ICS solutions should be applied? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 7 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 7 Answers: 1. B – Page 173. 16. B – Page 179. 2. A – Page 173. 17. A – Page 179. 3. A – Page 174. 18. B – Page 180. 4. A – Page 174. 19. A – Page 181. 5. B – Pages 174 & 175. 20. D – Page 181. 6. B – Page 175. 21. A – Page 178. 7. A – Page 184. 22. B – Page 183. 8. A – Page 174. 23. A – Page 182. 9. D – Page 177. 24. D - Pages 184. 10. B – Page 174. 25. D – Page 185. 11. C – Page 178. 12. B – Page 180. 13. A – Page 184. 14. A – Page 179. 15. A – Page 178. Scenario Problem: Possible fire extension into the common attic area. Tactical Solution: Pull ceiling in an adjacent room in the fire apartment to check for extension. ICS Solution: Establish Division 3 with sufficient resources to attack the fire and control extension. Problem: These occupancies must ALWAYS be considered occupied until proven otherwise. People may be trapped on the fire floor due to smoke in the common stairway. Tactical Solution: An immediate need for a rescue assignment with sufficient resources. ICS Solution: Either establish a Rescue Group or assign additional resources to Division 3 with appropriate direction to do rescue work. Problem: Building charged with smoke. Tactical Solution: An immediate need for ventilation starting in the areas where victims are most threatened. ICS Solution: Establish a Ventilation Group or depending on conditions, assign additional resources to Division 3 or the Rescue Group with appropriate instructions. This must be coordinated with both suppression and rescue operations. What cues led you to this solution? One entrance, type of occupancy, and common attic area. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 7 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 8 Strip Shopping Centers Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 8 Questions: 1. The following statements about Strip Shopping Centers are all correct except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (195) a. May have anchor stores. b. May have second stories containing offices and/or apartments. c. They are built on a concrete slab floor without basements. d. Many have common attic and/or mansard areas. 2. The most common exterior wall construction is wood frame. (196). a. True. b. False. 3. The most commonly used pitched roof assembly is _______________. (197). a. Steel-bar joist. b. Wood beam and rafter. c. Ridgepole and rafter. d. Parallel chord wood truss. 4. Wood beam and rafter roof assembly has a very high resistance to structural collapse. (197) a. True. b. False. 5. The strongest roof assembly, of those listed below, is ______________. (197 & 198). a. Steel Bar Joist. b. Wood Beam and Rafter. c. Parallel Chord Wood Truss. d. Gang Nailed Wood Truss. 6. Plywood roof assemblies, often found in new construction, have been known to collapse after only five minutes of flame impingement. (198) a. True. b. False. 7. Generally entry through the rear of Strip Shopping Centers is difficult and time consuming, often forcing firefighters to push the fire from burned to unburned areas. (198) a. True. b. False 8. The best time to identify floor and roof assemblies is during preplanning. (198 & 200) a. True. b. False. 9. After arriving on the scene at a Strip Shopping Center with unknown roof construction you should: (200) a. Assume it is lightweight construction. b. Enter an uninvolved occupancy and pull some ceiling tiles to determine the type of roof assembly. c. When initially pulling ceilings crews should be near doorways and/or walls regardless of suspected fire location. d. All of the above. 10. All of the following statements regarding structural deterioration and collapse are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (200 & 201). a. Any lightweight truss can be expected to collapse early. b. Roof mounted HVAC systems may accelerate collapse. c. In one-story structures collapse is related to both floor and roof assemblies. d. Older building may have structural deficiencies even before the fire. 11. Life hazard in a single-story Strip Shopping Center is normally high. (201). a. True. b. False. 12. The United States Fire Administration does not indicate a fire death problem at strip shopping center fires. This allows us to reassign the resources normally assigned to primary search to fire attack, providing quicker extinguishment. (201) a. True. b. False. 13. Which of the following statements regarding ventilation is incorrect? (201) a. Horizontal ventilation is critical to stopping the lateral spread of fire. b. Ventilation efforts will speed up the search crew’s actions. c. Common attic space, overhangs, and false mansards allows the heat, fire and smoke to travel horizontally. d. Vertical ventilation stops the downward and horizontal spread of heat and smoke. 14. Due to the difficulty of rear entry, you may have to enter the adjacent occupancy and breach the wall to expedite the rescue and/or fire attack. (201) a. True. b. False. 15. Fire control cues for Strip Shopping Centers include: (203 & 204). a. Building construction. b. Fire location. c. Common attic space. d. All of the above. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 8 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 8 Scenario: A strip shopping center with a common cockloft and beam and rafter roof assembly has hot, rising smoke emitting from the attic vents. Two occupancies in the middle of the shopping center are 25% involved with fire. What problems are created, and what tactical and ICS solutions should be applied? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 8 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 8 Answers: 1. C – Page 195. 2. B – Page 196. 3. C – Pages 197. 4. A – Page 197. 5. B – Pages 197 & 198. 6. A – Page 198. 7. A – Page 198. 8. A - Pages 199 & 200. 9. D – Pages 200. 10. C – Pages 200 & 201. 11. B – Page 201. 12. B – Page 201. 13. A – Page 201. 14. A – Page 201. 15. D – Pages 203 & 204. Scenario Problem: The fire has probably extended into the common cockloft and is involving the roof assembly. Tactical Solution: Pull ceilings in the adjacent occupancies to check for fire extension into the roof assembly and vent both horizontally and vertically. ICS Solution: Establish an Exposure B and an Exposure D. Assign sufficient resources to control extension and suppress fire. Establish a Vent Group with sufficient resources to provide rapid vertical and horizontal ventilation. Ensure the roof is stable enough for crews to operate safely; otherwise vent from a ladder. What cues led you to this solution? Volume of fire, location of smoke and common area. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 8 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 9 Vacant Commercial Buildings Quiz Questions Scenario Problem Answers Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter List Oklahoma State University  Chapter 9 Questions: 1. Vacant Commercial buildings are generally of ___________________ construction. (216) a. Non-combustible. b. Fire resistive. c. Heavy Timber. d. All of the above. 2. Platform wood frame construction tends to limit vertical fire travel. (216). a. True. b. False. 3. All of the following statements about Vacant Commercial buildings are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (216). a. Expansion or modification of the structure may have created conditions that will affect fire spread. b. Mill construction has the potential for rapid fire spread and early collapse. c. Older style construction may lack built-in fire protection. d. Mixed construction types are common in vacant buildings. 4. Masonry walls in vacant commercial buildings may be brick, concrete block, or concrete tilt-up construction. (216) a. True. b. False. 5. The Safety Officer should monitor the structure for possible deterioration during fire operations. (216). a. True. b. False. 6. Of the roof types found on vacant commercial buildings, which is the safest? (217). a. Parallel Chord Truss. b. Wood beam and rafter. c. Panelized d. Wooden “I” Beams. 7. _____________ roofs have a reputation for collapse under fire Conditions, especially if the bottom chord is carrying additional weight such as storage. (217) a. Bridged-truss. b. Beam and rafter. c. Bow-string. d. Mansard. 8. All of the following statements regarding vacant buildings are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (217) a. The fire loading will vary greatly. b. Delayed alarms are common. c. Due to the nature of the occupancy, there is virtually no chance of a backdraft. d. The incidence of incendiary fires in vacant buildings is high. 9. Which of the following is incorrect when evaluating the potential of structural collapse? (219) a. Wall collapse is tied closely to the type of roof construction. b. There is no way to predict whether a roof will collapse inward or outward. c. Structural modifications play a major role in fire development and spread. d. Floors are generally the first structural element to fail. 10. The rule of thumb is that walls will collapse outward to a distance of _____ times their height. (220) a. 1 b. 1½ c. 2 d. 2½ 11. All of the following, except one, make it difficult to protect exposures. Which is the incorrect response? (220 & 221) a. Lack of fire walls. b. Common attics. c. Distance from the fire. d. Type of exposure. 12. Always suspect arson at any fire in a vacant commercial structure. (221) a. True. b. False. 13. When fighting a fire in a vacant commercial building you must: (222) a. Perform a good size-up. b. Be able to act before planning. c. Base strategy and tactics on a risk/benefit analysis. d. Coordinate tactical operations. 14. When determining the attack mode, one of the considerations should be “Is the value of the building worth the risks involved in saving it?”. (222 & 223) a. True. b. False. 15. When considering an offensive attack, all of the following are true except one. Which is the incorrect response? (223) a. The risks associated with the operation must be acceptable. b. The scene must be constantly monitored for changing fire conditions and structural integrity. c. Use smaller hand lines to provide greater mobility. d. Decision should be based on fire conditions and available resources. 16. If the initial strategy is a defensive operation, you never switch back to an offensive operation. (224) a. True. b. False. 17. Your agency must develop and use a signal that, when sounded, alerts everyone to leave the building and the immediate perimeter area. (224) a. True. b. False. 18. Loss of floor girders or floor beams may trigger wall collapse, especially in older style buildings. (220) a. True. b. False. 19. All of the following, except one, are cues to potential fire spread and volume. Which response is incorrect? (217 & 218) a. Time of alarm. b. Type of construction. c. State of deterioration. d. Location of fire on arrival. 20. Since they are unoccupied, fire loading is not a problem in vacant buildings. (217) a. True. b. False. 21. The possibility of floor voids in vacant buildings requires that extra caution be exercised during interior operations. (217) a. True. b. False. 22. The floor assembly(s) common in vacant buildings: (218) a. Concrete b. Beam & joist. c. Parallel chord wood truss. d. All of the above. 23. All of the following statements regarding connected exposures are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement? (220 & 221) a. Lack of fire walls, rated doors and common spaces make them difficult to protect. b. They require large interior lines. c. They are easier to protect than unconnected exposures because interior crews can do “double duty”. d. They are difficult to protect due to proximity to the fire. 24. All of the following cues, except one, should cause you to consider defensive operations. Which is the incorrect cue? (223 & 224) a. Large volume of fire upon arrival. b. Structural integrity. c. Adequate water supply for the job. d. Property ownership. 25. All but one of the following statements should influence strategic and tactical decisions when you do your risk/ benefit analysis. Which should not be a consideration? (222) a. Are there life safety considerations? b. Is this building worth saving at the risk of firefighters’ lives? c. Is this building scheduled for demolition? d. What are the projected weather conditions? Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 9 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 9 Scenario: At 1930 hours Saturday, a fire is reported at a large two-story enclosed mall whose second floor is a mezzanine open to the first floor. The roof over the mall’s common area is glass. The fire is located in a sporting goods store in the center of the building on the first floor. On entering, the first company reports, “Heavy smoke on the first floor and extreme smoke conditions on the second floor.” A large number of victims are reported during the first 15 minutes. What medical problems are created, and what are some tactical medical solutions? Describe an appropriate ICS medical organization. Copyright © 2012 by the Board of Regents, Chapter 9 Oklahoma State University  Chapter 9 Answer