Community Nutrition I Lecture 1 PDF

Community Nutrition I Lecture 1 Juliana Nyasordzi (PhD) Email: [email protected] Office:Trafalgar FO8 Working hours: 8:00am-5:30pm  Topic to be covered  List agencies operating in area of nutrition in Ghana  Mandates  Population of interest  Ongoing pr...

Community Nutrition I Lecture 1 Juliana Nyasordzi (PhD) Email: [email protected] Office:Trafalgar FO8 Working hours: 8:00am-5:30pm  Topic to be covered  List agencies operating in area of nutrition in Ghana  Mandates  Population of interest  Ongoing project  Impact on target population’s nutritional status  Programs that address food and nutritional needs of target populations throughout the life cycle  Supplementary feeding programmes  Food fortifications  School feeding programmes  School canteens  Course content and objectives as provided earlier  Learning outcomes  List agencies operating in the area of nutrition in Ghana  Their vision and functions and sustainability of initiated programmes. Programs that address food and nutritional needs of target populations throughout the life cycle o Discuss acute malnutrition and the need for a response. o Enumerate the principles of CMAM. o Describe innovations and evidence making CMAM possible. o Explain the components of CMAM and how they work together. o Describe how CMAM can be implemented in different contexts. o Explain national and global commitments relating to CMAM.  Community based growth promotion  Trajectory of Nutrition Policies Introduction Nutrition policies adopted and implemented in Ghana since independence fall broadly into six periods:  Food demonstration and nutrition education (1957 – 1966)  Continuation of food demonstration and transition into identifying attitude and behavior change (1966 – 1974)  Weaning and supplementary foods/ treating the malnourished (1974 – 1987)  Addressing micronutrient requirements (1987 – 1990)  Planning and mobilizing for action: addressing micronutrient deficiencies and exclusive breastfeeding (1990 – 2000)  Consolidation of strategies for addressing micronutrient deficiencies, exclusive breastfeeding and community-based growth monitoring (2000 – 2008). Trajectory of Nutrition Policies in Ghana Agencies organizing nutrition programmes Agencies involved in nutrition in Ghana  Ghana Health service-Nutrition Department  Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA)-Women in Agriculture Development Directorate (WIADD)  Ghana Education Service (GES)  Children’s Department-Ministry of Women and Children’s Affairs (MOWAC)  United States Agency for International Development (USAID)  United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)  World Food Programme (WFP)  World Vision  Adventist Development Relief Agency (ADRA)  The World Bank  Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA)  Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG)  FHI360  United States Aid  Afrikids  Mandates  population of interest  ongoing project  impact on target population nutritional status. 7 Interventions being implemented in Ghana  Gaps in implementation of programmes Major gaps still exist including limited national coverage of most of the ENA actions such as: Inadequate resources and capacity. Poor co-ordination and collaboration and implementation of nutrition and related activities.  Nutrition-specific interventions  Nutrition-specific interventions are interventions whose primary objective is to address nutrition and targets the immediate causes of undernutrition  Nutrition-specific interventions implemented at critical points in the lifecycle:  can have significant impact in reducing child mortality, stunting and severe wasting.  Such interventions target pregnant women and children during the critical '1,000 day window of opportunity' from pregnancy to 2 years of age.  Categories of Nutrition- specific interventions Four broad categories:  Maternal nutrition during pregnancy  (iron and folic acid, calcium, energy, protein supplementation)  Infant and young child feeding practices  early and exclusive breastfeeding.  appropriate complementary feeding.  good hygienic practices during food preparation and feeding.  Micronutrient supplementation  Management of acute malnutrition  Some programs that address food and nutritional needs of target populations throughout the life cycle  Community based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM)  Nutrition rehabilitation centers (NRCs)  Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support (NACS)  Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition  Supplementary feeding programmes  Food fortification  Community based Growth monitoring and promotion  Critical Nutrition Actions for PLHIV and TB Clients  Centre-Based Care for Children with SAM 12  Most programmes focus on acute malnutrition Why?? Major causes of death in children