COMENGSOL Reviewer PDF

**COMENGSOL REVIEWER** **HOW DO YOU DEFINE COMMUNITY?** - Traditionally, the term **community** has been used to refer to relatively large number of people who live in one geographic area and are connected to each other by a variety of social bonds (Poplin, 1979; Lowery, 1993). -...

**COMENGSOL REVIEWER** **HOW DO YOU DEFINE COMMUNITY?** - Traditionally, the term **community** has been used to refer to relatively large number of people who live in one geographic area and are connected to each other by a variety of social bonds (Poplin, 1979; Lowery, 1993). - **A shared sense of community brings us together,** fostering a feeling of belonging to a larger entity. Engaging in a community offers chances to connect with others, pursue our aspirations, and instills a sense of safety and security. **COMMUNITY DYNAMICS** - Community dynamics, akin to group dynamics, naturally **arise as individuals unite** with a shared purpose, driven by proximity and a collective aspiration for a secure and healthful living environment. **COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT** - Community Engagement is about involving the community in decision making processes that are critical in the development of policies, services, and projects that involve the community, government and private entities. **two ways to form a community** **GEOGRAPHICAL** - Residents of a community, characterized by a **shared geographic vicinity** like a village, province, or neighborhood, collectively engage in communal activities, fostering a sense of interconnectedness and mutual support. **NON-GEROGRAPHICAL** - These are established around **common needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and established rules,** encompassing various social institutions like households, governmental bodies, society, or the broader community. **TWO LEVELS OF COMMUNITY** **MICROLEVEL** - A group is formed based on **personal social ties.** This may include groups formed for pursuing common interest or goals, like forming a small organization to hold a fundraising activity such as concert **MACCROLEVEL** - These **are large group** affiliations are formed such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities. They have certain objectives and expand on the aspect of the community involvement. **THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY** - **GROUP OF PEOPLE -** A group of people is the most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of community. This group may be small or large but community always refers to a group of people. - **DEFINITE LOCALITY -** A group of people forms a community only when they reside in a definite territory. Majority community are settled and a strong bond of unity and solidarity is derived from their living in a definite locality. - **COMMUNITY SENTIMENT** - Community sentiment refers to the collective sense of belonging and shared identity within a group, encapsulating a profound \"we feeling\" among its members, fostering a strong sense of camaraderie and connection. - **LIKENESS -** Similarity in a community arises when its members embrace a shared way of life, encompassing common customs, traditions, mores, language, and other cultural aspects. - **PARTICULAR NAME** - Every community is globally acknowledged by a specific name, signifying a unique identity. This name not only distinguishes the community but also serves as a symbolic representation, fostering a collective sense of identity, belonging, and shared values among its members - **SIZE OF COMMUNITY -** Communities are differentiated by their size, encompassing both small entities. It\'s noteworthy that this is integral to the fabric of human life, contributing to the diversity and interconnectedness of societies worldwide - **SPONTANEOUS ORIGIN OF GROWTH -** Every community across the globe has its unique inception and development, as no community exists without a history. Hence, each community undergoes its own origin and evolves over time **THESOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE** **SOCIAL SCIENCE HAS SEVERAL FIELDS INCLUDING** - **ANTHTOPOLOGY --** Study of people **Four Subfields of Anthropology** 1. Archaeology 2. Biological Anthropology 3. Cultural Anthropology 4. Linguistic Anthropology - **ECONOMICS** - **POLITICAL SCIENCE** - **PSYCHOLOGY** - **SOCIOLOGY** **DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON COMMUNITY** - **S**OCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE - The people can be unified by geography, shared interests, values, experiences, or traditions. FERDINAND TONNIES - **Gemeinschaft (community)** - It is a community with a tighter and more cohesive social entity brought about by \"unity of will." - **Gesellschaft (association/society)** - It is a group where individuals participate as members driven solely by "self-interest - **COMMUNIT-BASED PERSPECTIVE** - This perspective highlights volunteerism. - **As a setting for intervention** - The community is primarily defined geographically and is the location in which interventions are implemented. - **As a target for change** - It denotes to the goal of creating healthy community environment facilitated by policy and community-wide institution and services. - **As a resource** - Focused on rallying a community\'s internal resources, often spanning sectors, to strategically address priority health concerns or individuals. - As an agent - Communities provide resources for meeting our day-today needs (Steuart, 1993). - **ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE** - A community is a congregation of species which occur together in time and space and has high probability for interaction - **SECTORAL PERSPECTIVE** - Communities are seen as a system which is comprised of individuals and sectors with diverse characteristics and interrelationships (Thompson et al., 1990). - **CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE** - This perspective views the community as composed of people, structures, and systems endowed with resources but is confronted with social issues as well. **FUNCTION OF COMMUNITY** - **PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, CONSUMPTION** - **SOCIALIZATION** - **SOCIAL CONTROL** - **SOCIAL PARTICIPATION** - **MUTUAL SUPPORT** **TYPES OF COMMUNITY ACTIVIES** 1. **ASSET TRANSFER** 2. **MAKNIG BETTER USE OF PHYSICAL RESOURCES** 3. **COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN DECISION MAKING** 4. **COMMUNITY NETWORKS** **TWO FUNDAMENTAL COMPONETS** - **PHYSICAL INFRASTRACTURES** Includes the wires, computers, and technologies required to establish internet connectivity - **SOCIAL INFO-STRUCTURE** Consist of ongoing process of engaging people in purposeful applications of the physical connectivity 5. **SUPPORT NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY** **Community Action** It is the any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement, and empowerment of communities for the intention of giving service to people C**OMMUNITY ACTION\`S OBJCETIVES** - **BUILDING COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL CAPACITY** - **COMMUNITY RESILIENCY** - **PREVENTION** - **MAINTAINING AND CREATING WEALTH** **CITIZENSHIP** Is the status of person recognized under the law as a legal member of a nation **ARTICLE IV, SECTION 1 OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION** - Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines. - Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. **CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH** - **BY BIRTH** aka **JUS SOLI**. It means you\`re an automatic citizen if you were born in the Philippines soil or territory. - **BY BLOOD** aka **JUS SANGUINIS**. You are a citizen if any of your parents is a filipino citizen on your birthdate according to the Philippine nationality law. **CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH** - or that person was born on or after May 14, 1935 and the father was a Philippine citizen or, if the father was not, the mother was a Philippine citizen and the person elected Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the 1935 Constitution; - or that person was born on or after August 29, 1916 and prior to May 14, 1935 and at least one parent was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine Islands and a Spanish subject on April 11, 1899, or that person was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine Islands and a Spanish subject on April 11, 1899, except in certain specific cases. **CITIZENSHIP BY NATURALIZATION** - This is a judicial act of adopting a foreigner and granting him the privileges of a native-born citizen**.** - He/she must not be less than twenty-one (21) years of age on the day of the hearing of the petition; - He/she must have resided in the Philippines for a continuous period of not less than ten (10) years; - He/she must be of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the Philippine Constitution, and must have conducted himself in a proper and irreproachable manner during the entire period of his residence in the Philippines in his relation with the constituted government as well as with the community in which he is living; **LOSS OF PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP** - Commonwealth Act No. 63, dated 20 October 1936, provides that Philippine citizens may lose citizenship in any of the following ways or events: - By naturalization in a foreign country; - By express renunciation of citizenship; - By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign country upon attaining twenty-one years of age or more: Provided, however, That a Filipino may not divest himself of Philippine citizenship in any manner while the Republic of the Philippines is at\ war with any country. - By rendering services to, or accepting commission in, the armed forces of a foreign country, and the taking of an oath of allegiance incident thereto, except in certain specified cases; - By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization; - By having been declared by competent authority, a deserter - of the Philippine armed forces in time of war, unless subsequently, a plenary pardon or amnesty has been granted; and - In the case of a woman, upon her marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue of the laws in force in her husband\'s country, she acquires his nationality **REACQUISITION OF PHILIPPINE CITIZEN** - Republic Act No. 8171, approved 23 October 1995, provided a mechanism allowing Filipino women who have lost their Philippine citizenship by marriage to aliens and natural-born Filipinos who have lost their Philippine citizenship, including their minor children, on account of political or economic necessity, to reacquire Philippine citizenship. - Republic Act No. 9225, approved 29 August 2003, provided that natural-born citizens of the Philippines who had lost their Philippine citizenship by reason of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country would be deemed to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking an oath of allegiance to the Republic. **CITIZEN PARTICIPATION** Is the dynamic and voluntary involvement of community members to address issues and concerns affecting their community and improve social policies, laws, and programs. **CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODELS** **Cognitive Engagement** Participation as a result of individual disposition such as personal interest or awareness on politics based on social media. **Social Capital Model** - Considers participation as based on social interaction among individuals within groups and communities.