Solubility and Saturation PDF

SOLUBILITY and SATURATION SOLUBILITY Solubility of a solution is the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved in a certain quantity of solvent.  FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF SOLUBILITY 1 2 3 Particle size Temperature Agitation  Which of...

SOLUBILITY and SATURATION SOLUBILITY Solubility of a solution is the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved in a certain quantity of solvent.  FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF SOLUBILITY 1 2 3 Particle size Temperature Agitation  Which of the following will dissolve faster in a solvent? granulated sugar sugar cubes  large piece PARTICLE SIZE Smaller particles dissolve faster because they have more surface area This larger surface area means that there is more of the solute surface for the solvent to work on small pieces  Which of the following will dissolve sugar faster? Hot water Cold water TEMPERATURE Increased temperature causes solids to dissolve faster When water is heated, the molecules gain energy and, thus, move faster. As they move faster, they come into contact with the sugar more often, causing it to dissolve faster.  TEMPERATURE Increased temperature causes solids to dissolve faster When water is heated, the molecules gain energy and, thus, move faster. As they move faster, they come into contact with the sugar sugar particles more often, causing it to water particles dissolve faster.  Which of the following will dissolve a solute faster not stirred stirred AGITATION Agitation is mixing or moving something around Shaking or stirring causes solids to dissolve faster, because it moves the solvent particles around FACTORS Recap: AFFECTING Particle size RATE OF smaller size of pieces brings more SOLUBILITY surface area Temperature more speed and energy for the solvent Agitation brings fresh solvent closer to the solute SATURATION The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent TYPES OF SATURATION OF SOLUTIONS 1 2 3 unsaturated saturated supersaturated UNSATURATED SOLUTION A type of solution that contains less amount of solute in a given amount of solvent leaving no traces of it. It can still dissolve more solute SATURATION POINT the stage wherein the substance will no longer dissolve in a solution  SATURATED SOLUTION A type of solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. Presence of undissolved substances can be observed IN A SATURATED SOLUTION... Increasing the temperature of the solution will cause the undissolved substances to be dissolved SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION A solution that contains more than the expected amount of solute Can be prepared by heating a saturated solution that contains undissolved solids. SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION The particles in a supersaturated solution are so close together that a slight disturbance such as stirring and moving the solution can cause these particles to move together and form crystals called crystallization or recrystallization  Recap: More solutes can still be added Unsaturated Supersaturated Unsaturated solution solution solution Saturated solution Solutions Homogeneous Mixture  air Solutions Spot the alloy seawater wine alcohol coffee  S OL UTI ON a n c es t h a t i s o r m o r e s ub s t i x t u r e o f t w o s ti n g a m e n e o u s ) c o n s i g h o u t (h o m o g e n t i ca l t h r o u id o n e p h a s e of only e s a r e s o lu t i o ns ne o u s m i x t u r a ll h o m o g e l l y s e p a r a t e d e p h y s i c a can b d s o lv e nt s o f s o lu t e s a n c o m p o s ed  What are the components we mix to make solutions?  Solute Solvent is a substance that dissolves another is a substance dissolved in another substance - dissolves the solute substance - dissolves in a solvent the largest part of the solution the smallest part of the solution sugar coffee salt water acetone paint thinner  How Solutions are Made SOLUTE SOLVENT SOLUTION Orange Juice Powder Water Orange Juice  TYPES OF SOLUTIONS  GASEOUS SOLUTIONS Type of Solution Solute Solvent Example  LIQUID SOLUTIONS Type of Solution Solute Solvent Example  SOLID SOLUTIONS Type of Solution Solute Solvent Example PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS  It is a homogeneous mixture. Its particles are too tiny and have a diameter of less than 1 nm. The particles are not visible to naked eyes. Particles don’t scatter a beam of light passing through it and hence the path of the light is not visible. Solutes are inseparable from the mixture and do not form sediment. A solution is stable. The components of a mixture cannot be separated using filtration.