Colonization - A Māori Perspective PDF

Colonization- A Maori Perspective BN1 Nursing – Manukau Institute of Technology  Activity…. Need a volunteer Kia Ora Waipu Potatau-Te-Wherowhero (First Maori King)  Taumatawhakatangi­- hangakoauauotamatea­- turipukakapikimaunga­- horonukupokaiwhen­- uakitanatahu ...

Colonization- A Maori Perspective BN1 Nursing – Manukau Institute of Technology  Activity…. Need a volunteer Kia Ora Waipu Potatau-Te-Wherowhero (First Maori King)  Taumatawhakatangi­- hangakoauauotamatea­- turipukakapikimaunga­- horonukupokaiwhen­- uakitanatahu  Translation We have seen through Te Tiriti O Waitangi the issue with translation Issues have arisen – that still continue today, some are major some are subtle Think about the incorrect translations In New Zealand we call them jandals – a very important piece of footwear, however in Australia they call it a “thong” Can’t say that here without some type of weird response  About Me…. My English name is Andrew in Maori its Anaru This is important when connecting the dots My last name is Terry but it was originally Aterea with a whole heap of other letters attached to it My name was changed several generations ago because of my whanau needing to transition from communal living to having to work on a farm and secure contracts  How it affects me Names are legacy They are what identifies you , think about your personal details Names in Maori have significance/have meaning It’s what separates you from other people with your first name It connects you to your lineage I didn’t know what my full last name was which meant that there was a part of me that I didn’t connect with, a part of myself  Relevance to Maori Names are how we whakapapa back to our ancestors It’s what we use in our pepeha (Maori introduction) Its how we connect to our ancestors When you speak to other Maori your last name generally indicates where you’re from  Specific Learning Outcomes Understanding tools of colonization and its effects Describe outcomes of colonization for Maori Effects on whanau, hapu and iwi Identify cultural determinants as a result of colonization  I was told… That I could never amount to anything and I would end up like the rest of my family (Mrs Cocking, 1999)  Growing Up…. Small town where every adult was uncle or aunty (even if you weren’t related) Had a large extended family Violence, abuse and gangs were normal (Once were Warriors) Anything cultural was limited to what we did at school but mostly optional Learning Te Reo was not considered a priority but had the option to join Rumaki (full immersion)  Colonization The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area. (Webster Dictionary) Is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. (He Ao Kotahi, n.d)  Tools of Colonization These tools were used as a means to execute the agenda of assimilation and colonization They allowed a clearer path to full control Justified breaches of Te Tiriti O Waitangi  Tools of Colonization Media – Cultural Perceptions for Maori, propaganda to entice settlers Government – Legislation: Tohunga Supression Act 1907, Native Lands Act 1865, Oranga Tamariki Act 1989, Education - Native Schools Act 1867, determines curriculum Alcohol – contributes to domestic violence, crime and other forms of abuse Religion – Alternative to cultural beliefs Land – Confiscation of land  Effects of Colonization Media Education shapes cultural Determines what you learn perceptions, influences Removal of Te Reo (punishment and exposes other if spoken, shapes view on language as important, ripple cultures, shapes how effect) others view the culture, Shapes individuals worldview shows negative aspects (makes assimilation more rather than celebrating simpler) positive  Effects of Colonization Land Religion Confiscation of Land Traditions and customs This was very important to Maori as diminished it was apart of their identity Communal living, agriculture and Ideas around cultural living off the land – this was taken practices shift – Utu away (revenge) to the missionary People lose connection to their message of forgiveness whenua Tribal conflict  Alcohol Māori men have a death rate from alcohol which is more than twice that of non-Māori. Māori are more likely to be apprehended by police for an offence that involves alcohol. Māori are more likely to experience harmful effects on areas such as financial position, work, study or employment, injuries and legal problems as a result of their drinking compared with other New Zealanders. Māori women suffer more adverse effects as a result of other people’s drinking than any other sub-group by ethnicity and gender. The death rate for Māori is disproportionately higher – 34 deaths per 100,000 for Māori compared to 14 deaths per 100,000 for non-Māori. (Action Point 2023)  Relevance Maori see cultural perceptions as negative, dole bludgers, gangs members (those with facial tattoo), are from deprived areas (low socio-economic) Normalised behaviour such as violence, involved in criminal activity, thiefs, abusive, rebellious Maori youth adopting foreign cultures, not wanting to learn their language, individualistic vs collective approach Meaning of family, home and/or values are shaped by popular consensus  Whanau Family, this could be extended or people that you have accepted Traditionally this was people who lived with you but this could also include visitors Whanau isn’t the same as Western understanding where it is primarily by blood relation or marriage Similar to those who live in your household or close to you  Hapu Sub-tribe This is your extended whanau Similar to those who live in the same community/town/city They were people who would come to your aid if you went to war They extended the boundary of your land – similar interests  Iwi This would be which waka (canoe) you were aligned with Maori history – migrated on 1 of 7 waka around Aotearoa The greater your iwi the more revered you were Always in conflict because everyone wants to be the best (think about high school, school house groups)  Colonization effects on whanau, hapu and iwi Change in definition of whanau – only your immediate family Communal living, living off the land, village responsible for children Western understanding purchase and commerce Maori were about sharing and trading according to tikanga Land determined status, when confiscated it forced Maori to have to adopt to something unfamiliar Imagine having everything you have taken away from you, what do you do then?  A Maori Worldview Land was important because it was considered apart of our identity There was a spiritual connection to it which is where we bury our ancestors Specific landmarks such as mountains and rivers were used as markers and were considered tapu (sacred), when confiscated this was huge Language was used to tell stories, history and also how we connect with past, some tribes have different dialect… some tribes don’t include macrons or certain letters such  A Maori Worldview Words have a greater meaning than the English language which is where the Treaty of Waitangi had problems Cultural practices were considered important because it helped to keep culture alive Loss of language made people scared to want to learn it let alone speak it The way we communicate shapes how we interact with people  My Worldview Abuse was normalised, it was a normal part of life, would make jokes about who got the worst hiding Drugs, alcohol and violence were something to aspire to Our diets were even worse, bakery, takeaways – less money more spending This resulted in many Maori whanau dying from alcohol related issues, gang violence, obesity, diabetes Because many Maori were from deprived areas they resorted to crime to subsidise their habits  Picture of my background 6 out 8 of my friends I grew up with are current gang members Both parents were on the benefit most of my life Always lived in state housing in lower socio economic areas Only person in my family ever completed tertiary education Lots of violence, drug abuse, sexual abuse and criminal activity  I was told That I would end up like the rest of my family (in jail or on the benefit) I would never finish school Maori were only expected to work menial low paying jobs Have kids to different women and end up leaving them That I would become another statistic  Crime Stats Māori are overrepresented at every step of the criminal justice system (Wilson & Fitzgerald, 2021). Māori make up 37% of those who have been charged by the police, 45% of those found guilty, and 52% of those who are incarcerated (Ministry of Social Development,2021). This is despite Māori being only approximately 15% of the New Zealand population (Ministry of Social Development, 2021). The high rates of conviction for Māori are almost certainly influenced by Māori being more likely to plead guilty if prosecuted, which may in turn reflect some systemic problem with the availability or quality of legal representation (Ministry of Social Development,2021) Māori are more likely to plead guilty if prosecuted, which may in turn imply a systematic issue with the availability or caliber of legal representation, which almost surely contributes to the high conviction rates for Māori (Wilson & Fitzgerald, 2021)  Relates to Colonization Beliefs and customs How we understand the world is altered through education How we define whanau concepts The ability to provide for ourselves Reliance on a system that has let us down, marginalizes Maori Perpetuates stereotypes  Cultural Determinants Focus on negative cultural perceptions rather than celebrating them Will adopt foreign culture Will never fully connect with whanau Culture dies Continue to accept stigma Loss of identity