Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2013) PDF

egoistic / i:.gau'ts.t.k/ GS /-gou-/ adj egotistic |487 elaborate egomania’ /i:.gav'mer.ni.a/ G'/-gou-/ noun [U] disapproving the state of considering yourself to be...

egoistic / i:.gau'ts.t.k/ GS /-gou-/ adj egotistic |487 elaborate egomania’ /i:.gav'mer.ni.a/ G'/-gou-/ noun [U] disapproving the state of considering yourself to be eightieth /'er.ti.o6/ G /-ti-/ ordinal number 80th written as a word very important and able to do anything that you want to do * egomaniac /-zk/ noun [C] disapproving a eighty /'e:.ti/ @ /-ti/ number @® the number 80: person with egomania seventy-nine, eighty, eight-one ° They’ve invited eighty (guests) to the wedding. egosurfing /‘i:.gsu,ss:f.19/ GS) /-gou,ssxf-/ noun [U] informal searching for your own name on the internet 'e-ink noun [U] trademark a system used for showing egotism /‘i:.ga.t1.z2m/ @® /-gou-/ noun [U] (also words on an E-READER egoism) thinking only about yourself and consider- either /'ar.d0"/, /'i:-/ G /-da/ adv; determiner, ing yourself better and more important than other pronoun, conjunction; determiner people: Finding herself world-famous by the time she »adv GD used in negative sentences instead of ‘also’ or was 18 only encouraged the actress’s egotism. ‘too’: I don’t eat meat and my husband doesn’t either. egotist /'i:.ga.tist/ GS /-gou-/ noun [C] (also egoist) a ° T’ve never been to the States.’ ‘I haven’t either’ » They person who considers himself or herself to be better do really good food at that restaurant and it’s not very or more important than other people: Politicians are expensive either. notorious egotists. determiner, pronoun, conjunction @) used when referring to a choice between two possibilities: Either egotistic (also egotistical /-t1.k*l/) /i:.ga'tis.ttk/ candidate would be ideal for the job. ° ‘Do you prefer /-gou-/ adj considering yourself to be better or more pork or beef?’ ‘I don’t like either’ ‘Would you like the important than other people e egotistically /-t1.k@li/ metal or plastic one?’ ‘Either will do’ » You can get there adv by train or bus = either way/in either case it'll take an ‘ego \trip noun [C] disapproving something that you do hour. ° We can either eat now or after the show = it’s up because it makes you feel important and also shows to you. ° Either you leave now or I call the police! other people how important you are: He was on »>determiner € both: Unfortunately I was sitting at the another one of his ego trips, directing and taking the table with smokers on either side of me. main part in afilm. either-'or adj [before noun] describes a situation in egregious /1'gri:.dzas/ adj formal disapproving often of which there is a choice between two different plans of mistakes, extremely bad: Jt was an egregious error for action, but both together are not possible: It’s an a statesman to show such ignorance. either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or egress /'i:.gres/ noun [C or U] formal the act or way of we can go on holiday, but we can’t do both. leaving.a place: The main egress from the restaurant ejaculate /1'd3zk.ju.lert/ verb SPERM > 1[I or T] (ofa had been blocked off. man or male animal), to produce a sudden flow of eh /e1/ exclamation (US usually huh) used to express SEMEN from the PENIS SAY 2 old-fashioned or surprise or confusion, to ask someone to repeat what humorous to shout or say something suddenly: they have said, or as a way of getting someone to give [+ speech] ‘You’ve got my umbrella!’ he ejaculated. some type of reaction to a statement that you have ejaculation /1,d3ek.ju'ler.jen/ noun SPERM >, 1 [C or made: Janet’s leaving her husband.’ ‘Ehr’s ‘Did you U] the act of ejaculating SUDDEN REMARK > 2 [C] old- hear what I said?’ ‘Eh? Say it again - I wasn’t fashioned or humorous something that someone says or listening.’ °Going overseas again, eh? It’s a nice life shouts suddenly for some! eject /1'dzekt/ verb 1[T often passive] to force someone Eid /i:d/ noun [C or U] the name of two Muslim to leave a particular place: A number of football fans holidays. The more important of these is called Eid ul- had been ejected from the bar for causing trouble. 2 [T] Fitr and is celebrated to mark the end of RAMADAN. US (UK send off) to order a sports player to leave the eiderdown /'at.do.daun/ Gs /-da-/ noun [C] a thick playing area during a game because they have done covering for the top of a bed, filled with soft feathers something wrong 3 [I] to leave an aircraft in an or warm material, used especially in the past emergency by being pushed while still in your seat eight /eit/ number @ the number 8: She was eight 4 [I or T] to come out of a machine when a button is (years old) when her family moved here. ° We’ve got pressed, or to make something do this: How do you eight people coming to dinner. eject the tape? eighteen /er'ti:n/ number@& the number 18: You are ejection /1'd3ekt.j°n/ noun [C or U] the act of ejecting allowed to vote at eighteen (= when you are 18 years someone or something old) The table was set for eighteen people. e'jection seat noun [C] (UK also ejector seat /1'd3ek. eighteenth /er'ti:nd/ ordinal number 18th written tasi:t/ GS) /-ta-/) a seat that can throw out the person as a word: Next Monday is the eighteenth (of February). flying an aircraft if they suddenly have to leave it eighth /eit6/ ordinal number; noun because they are in danger rordinal number @® 8th written as a word: He was/ eke /i:k/ verb came eighth in the race.° Bob’s birthday is on the PHRASAL VERB eke sth out to use something slowly or eighth (of June). carefully because you only have a small amount of it: >noun [C] one of eight equal parts of something: An There wasn’t much food left, but we just managed to eke eighth of 32 is 4. it out. ° He managed to eke out a living (= earn just ‘eighth note noun [C] US for quaver enough to live on) one summer by selling drinks on a eighties /‘ex.tiz/ G /-tiz/ noun [plural] 4 @ A person’s beach. eighties are the period in which they are aged between 80 and 89: My grandmother is in her eighties. EKG /i:.ker'd3i:/ noun [C] US for ECG 2 the eighties a the range of temperature between elaborate adj; verb 80° and 89°: The temperature is expected to be in the radj /1'leb.*r.at/ Gs /-a-/ @ containing a lot of careful ‘eighties tomorrow. b G® the vecaveE (= period of ten detail or many detailed parts: You want a plain blouse years) between 80 and 89 in any century, usually to go with that skirt — nothing too elaborate. ° They’re 1980-1989: Margaret Thatcher was the UK prime making the most elaborate preparations for the | minister in/during the eighties. | wedding. © He came out with such an elaborate excuse jyes|k cat | n ring | § she | 6 thin |6 this |3 decision |dz jar |t{ chip | 2 cat | e bed | a ago|1sit |i cosy |v hot | arun | v put | elan 488 | elbow room. 2 freedom to do what you want: At first the management gave the new director plenty of elbow that I didn’t quite believe him. ¢ elaborately /-li/ adv It room. was the most elaborately decorated cake — all sugar flowers and bows. elder /'el.do'/ Gs /-da/ noun; adj »verb [I] /1'lab.a.reit/ formal to add more information to »noun [C] 1@ an older person, especially one with a or explain something that you have said: The minister respected position in society: You should listen to the said he was resigning, but refused to elaborate on his advice of your elders.° They consulted the village reasons for doing so. ¢ elaboration /1,leb.o'rer.fen/ elders. © formal She is my elder by three years (= three noun [C or U] This point needs greater elaboration. years older than me). 2 an official of a religious group: a church elder 3 elderberry elan /er'lan/ noun [U] literary approving a combination >adj 1 elder sister/brother/son/daughter @) a sister/ of style and energetic confidence, especially in brother/son/daughter who is older than the other performances or manner: She dances the role with sister(s), brother(s), etc. 2 the elder a @ the older such elan. person of two people: Of the two brothers Harvey is the elapse /:'lzps/ verb [I] formal @ If time elapses, it elder. b used after someone’s name to show that they goes past: Four years had elapsed since he left college are the older of two people who have the same name, and still he hadn’t found a job. especially a nia and son: William Pitt the BIg elastic /1'les.tik/ adj; noun ys elder or eld ed »adj 1 describes material that is able to stretch and be returned to its original shape or size: A lot of Wathtrig: theese te a Tigheadjectival ino sportswear is made of very elastic material. 2 able or To refer politely to a person who is old, don’t say likely to be changed: The project has only just started ‘elder’, say elderly: iy so any plans are still very elastic. ° In this country, time is an elastic concept. Loneliness is a big problem for elderly people. >noun [U] a type of rubber that is able to stretch and be returned to its original shape or size: His trousers elderberry /‘el.da,ber.i/ GS /-da-/ noun [C]' (also were held up with a piece of elastic. elder) a small tree that grows wild or in gardens and elasticated /r'les.ti.ker.tid/ G9 /-tid/ adj UK (US has large flat groups of white flowers, or its nearly elasticized, Australian English elasticised) made with black fruit that can be used in cooking or making elastic material or thread: a dress with an elasticated wine waist elderly /'el.d°l.i/ GS /-da.li/ adj; noun elastic 'band noun [C] UK for rubber band »adj G polite word for old: elderly relatives/parents >noun [plural] the elderly @ old people considered as elasticity /t.es'tis.1.ti/ @ /-a.ti/ noun [U] 4 the a group: The city is building new memati’ ah the ability to stretch: As the skin grows older it loses its elderly. elasticity. 2 the ability to change: There is some elasticity in our plans = nothing has been firmly elder ‘statesman noun [C] a respected leader, often decided yet. one who no longer has an active job, who is thought of as having good advice to give: He is one of the elasticized /1'lzs.ti.sarzd/ adj US for elasticated medical profession’s elder statesmen. elated /r'le1.tid/ Us /-tid/ adj @ extremely happy and eldest /'el.dist/ adj; noun excited, often because something has happened or »adj [before noun] @ being the oldest of three or more been achieved: The prince was reported to be elated at/ people, especially within a family: Her eldest child is by the birth of his daughter. nearly 14. elation /:'‘le1.fen/ noun [U] a state of extreme »noun (S] 4 the eldest G a person who is the oldest of happiness or excitement: There’s a sense of elation at three of more people: He was the eldest of four kids. having completed a race of such length. 2 the oldest child in a family: My eldest is at college. elbow /'el.bav/ GS /-bou/ noun; verb 'e- learning noun [U] learning done by studying at >noun [C] @ the part in the middle of the arm where it home using computers and courses provided on the bends, or the part of a piece of clothing which covers internet this area: Her arm was bandaged from the elbow to the fingers. © The sleeve of his shirt was torn at the elbow. elect /'lekt/ verb; noun; adj everb [T] 4 G@ to decide on or choose, especially to ipioms at sb’s elbow close to and a little behind choose a person for a particular job, by voting: someone: During the visit, the interpreter was always at The government is elected for a five-year term of office. ° her elbow. ¢ give sb the elbow UK informal to end your [+ as + noun] We elected him as our representative. ° romantic relationship with someone [+ noun] She was elected Chair of the Board of Gov- everb [T usually + adv/prep] 4 disapproving to push ernors. © [+ to infinitive] The group elected one of its someone rudely with your elbows so that you can members to be their spokesperson. 2 elect to do sth move or have more space: He elbowed his way to the formal to choose to do a particular thing: She elected to front of the crowd. ° They elbowed the onlookers aside. take early retirement instead of moving to in new 2 to hit someone with your elbow, sometimes as a location. sign to make them notice or remember something: >noun [plural] 41 the elect formal in the Bible, people She elbowed me in the ribs before I could say anything. who are chosen by God 2 humorous any group of PHRASAL VERB elbow sb out [M often passive] to force people who have been specially chosen for,their someone or something out of a position or job: He particular qualities resigned before he was elbowed out. »adj [after noun] president elect, prime ‘cinder elect, etc. the person who has been voted to be ‘elbow grease noun [U) informal a lot of begeciry president, prime minister, etc. but has not yet started effort: The polish needs a certain amount of elbow work: The president elect has been preparing to take grease to apply. office in January. > Compare designate ‘elbow ,|roOM noun [U] 4 space to move around in: election /:'lek.{en/ noun [C or U] @ a time when We were tightly squashed in at dinner, with very little people vote in order to choose someone for a political — — — ——————— — —— a: arm |3: her |i: see’| o: saw |u: too |ar my |av how |ea hair |er day |a0 no |1a near |51 boy |va pure | ara fire |avo sour |  or official job: The government is expected to call an |489 electromagnetism election (= allow the country to vote) very soon. ° Local government elections will take place in May. The first electrics /1'lek.triks/ noun [plural] UK the electrical election results have started to. come in. + See also by- system of something, especially a car: J think the fault election, general election is in the electrics. e'lection campaign noun [C] the period of weeks electric ‘shock noun [C] (also shock) a sudden immediately before an election when politicians try painful feeling that you get when electricity flows to persuade people to vote for them through your body: He got an electric shock from one of the wires. election day noun [C usually singular] (UK also ‘polling day) the day when people vote in an election electrification /1Jek.trnfi'ker.fen/ noun [U] the process of making a machine or system operate electioneering /1Jek.fo'n1a.r1n/ GS /-'nir.19/ noun [U] using electricity when it did not before: the electrifica- mainly disapproving the activity of trying to persuade tion of the railways ° electrification technology people to vote for a particular political party: The MP’s speech was dismissed by her opponents as crude electrify /1'lek.trt.far/ verb [T] POWER > 1 to make a electioneering. machine or system operate using electricity when it did not before: The east coast railway line has been elective /1'lek.tiv/ adj; noun electrified. MAKE EXCITED > 2 to make a person or yadj formal voted for or chosen: an elective office group extremely excited by what you say or do: She ° elective surgery electrified her audience with her vivid stories. >noun [C] a subject that someone can choose to study as part of a course: During the MBA you will choose electrifying /r'lek.tri.far1i/ adj very exciting: an ten to twelve electives from a large and varied port- electrifying performance folio. electrocardiogram /1Jek.tra‘ka:.di.a.grem/ @ elector /1'lek.ta"/ G5 /-ta/ noun [C] a person who votes /-ka:r-/ noun [C] (abbreviation ECG) a drawing or electronic image made by an electrocardiograph electoral /:'lek.t?r.21/. G /-ta-/ adj. [before noun] relating to an election: the electoral system ¢ electoral electrocardiograph /1,lek.tra‘ka:.di.a.gref, -gra:f/ law/reform/gains/defeat ¢ electorally /-a.li/ adv @) /-'ka:rdi.a.greef/ noun [C] (abbreviation ECG) a machine that records the electrical activity of the electoral ‘college noun [C) a group of people heart as it beats whose job is to choose a political or religious leader electroconvulsive therapy /1Jek.trov.ken'val.siv electoral ‘register noun [C] (also electoral ‘roll) Ser.a.pi/ Us) /-trou-/ noun [U] (abbreviation ECT) the UK the official list of people who are allowed to vote treatment of particular MENTAL ILLNESSES (= diseases electorate /i'lek.t?r.at/ G /-ta-/ noun [C usually which affect the mind) which involves sending an singular, + sing/pl verb] all the people who are allowed electric current through the brain to vote: The present voting system distorts the wishes of electrocute /1'lek.tra.kju:t/ verb [T often passive] to the electorate. kill someone by causing electricity to flow through electric /1'lek.trik/ adj POWER > 1 @ using electricity their body: He was electrocuted when he touched the - for power: an electric blanket/car/kettle/light EXCIT- bare wires. ¢ electrocution /1,lek.tra'kju:.fen/ noun [C ING> 2 @ very exciting and producing strong or U} feelings: an electric performance electrode /1'lek.traud/ Gs /-troud/ noun [C] the point electrical /1'lek.tr1.k*1/ adj @ related to electricity: at which an electric current enters or leaves some- electrical equipment/goods/devices ° an electrical fuse/ thing, for example, a BATTERY circuit/fault ¢ electrically /-i/ adv an electrically electroencephalogram /1,ek.trau.en'sef.a. lo. powered car grem/ (s) /-trou-/ noun [C] (abbreviation EEG) a electrical engineer noun [C] a trained expert in drawing or image made by an electroencephalograph electrical systems, especially those which power and electroencephalograph /1,)ek.trau.en'sef.a.lo. control machines or are involved in communication greef, -gra:f/ Gs) /-trou-/ noun [C] (abbreviation EEG) a electrical 'storm noun [C] (UK also e,lectric 'storm) machine that records the electrical activity of the a storm with thunder and LIGHTNING brain the electric ‘chair noun in some parts of the electrolysis /1)ek'trvl.a.sis/ GS /-'tra:.la-/ noun [U] US, a special chair that is used to kill a criminal with a 4 the use of an electric current to cause chemical current of electricity change in a liquid 2 the process of using a very small electric ‘fence noun [C] a fence which produces a electric current to remove hair and stop it from small electric current, usually to keep animals in a growing back particular area electrolyte /:'lek.tra.lait/ noun [C] specialized a sub- electric ‘heater noun [C] (UK also electric 'fire) a stance, usually a liquid, which electricity can go device that uses electricity to produce heat, for through or which breaks into its parts when example from metal bars that become red and hot electricity goes through it electrolytic adj ‘when the current is switched on electrolytic cell /1.lek.tra,lit.tk'sel/ G5 /-lit-/ noun electrician /11.ek'trr/.2n/ noun [C] @ a person who (C] specialized a device containing an electrolyte and puts in and checks electrical wires two ELECTRODES, either used for producing electricity through a chemical reaction or for producing a electricity /1,lek'tris.1.ti/ @ /-2.ti/ noun [U] @ a form chemical change in a liquid by ELEcTRoLysIs of energy, produced in several ways, which provides power to devices that create light, heat, etc.: The electromagnet =/ilek.trau'meg.not/ Gs) /-trou-/ electricity has been turned off. ° an electricity generat- noun [C] specialized a device made from a piece of Ing company ° powered/heated by electricity » an elec- iron that becomes MAGneTic when a changing current tricity bill is passed through the wire that goes round it electric ‘razor noun [CJ (also shaver) a device for electromagnetic /1)ek.trau.meg'netak/ @ /-trov. removing hair that has different types of blades that meeg'net-/ adj having macnetic and electrical parts turn or move backwards and forwards electromagnetism /1ek.trou'meg.no.t.z2m/ G) j yes |k cat |p ring | § she |6 thin |6 this |3 decision | d3 jar | t{chip | z cat | e bed | a ago |1sit |i cosy | p hot | a run |vuput | electromotive 490 | elegant suit ° an elegant dining room 2 describes an idea, plan, or solution that is clever but simple, and /-trou'mag.na.tt-/ noun [U] specialized the science of therefore attractive * elegance /-g°ns/ noun [U] @ Jt MAGNETISM and electrical currents was her natural elegance that struck me. © the elegance electromotive /1lek.tra.'mav.tiv/ GS /-'mou.tiv/ adj of her clothes ¢ elegantly /-li/ adv @ elegantly dressed specialized @ having an electric motor or relating to elegiac /elaldzat.ak/ @. /1'li:.d3i. wey adj. literary something that has an electric motor: electromotive relating to an elegy vehicles 2 producing an electric current: electromotive force elegy /'el.o.d3i/ noun [C] a sad poem or song, especially remembering someone who has died or electron /1'lek.tron/ G5 /-tra:n/ noun [C] anextremely something in the past small piece of matter with a negative electrical CHARGE + Compare neutron, proton element /'el..mont/ noun PART > 4 @® ida part of something: List the elements which make up a perfect electronic /1,lek'tron.ik/ Gs /-'tra:.mik/ adj ELECTRIC- dinner party..° The film had all the elements of a good AL> 1 @ (especially of equipment), using, based:on, thriller. ° We weren’t even taught the elements of or used in a system of operation which involves the (= basic information about) physics at school. control of electric current by various devices: an AMOUNT > 2 an element of sth @ a small amount electronic keyboard/game ° electronic »» components/ of an emotion or quality: There was certainly an devices COMPUTING > 2 @) relating to computers or element of truth in what she said. ° Don’t you think something that is done by computers: electronic there’s an element of jealousy in all of this? ° We walked communication/cash ° electronic publishing * electron- quietly up to the door to preserve the element of ically /-'[email protected]/ US /-'tra:.nt.keL.i/ adv Gp electron- surprise. SIMPLE SUBSTANCE> 3 @ [C] a simple ically generated graphics ° electronically _ stored substance which cannot be reduced to smaller information chemical parts: Aluminium is an element. EARTH, electronic ‘banking noun [U) (also ‘e--banking) AiR, Etc.> 4@ [C] earth, air, fire, and water from the use of the internet to organize, examine, and which people in the past believed everything else was make changes to your bank accounts and INVESTMENTS, made WEATHER > 5 the elements [plural] the weather, etc. electronically, or the use of the internet by banks usually bad weather: We decided to brave the elements to operate accounts and services: electronic banking and go for a walk (= go for a walk despite the bad services weather). HEAT > 6 [C] the part of an electrical device electronic ‘book noun [C] (also 'e-book) a book which produces heat: a. heating element © The. kettle that is published in electronic form, for example on needs a new element. the internet or on a disk, and not printed on paper: IDIOMS be in your element to be happy because you electronic book publishing © an e-book publisher are doing what you like or can do best: Kate, of course, electronic ‘footprint noun [C] something elec- was in her element, making all the arrangements. * be tronic, such as sending an email, using a CREDIT CARD, out of your element to be unhappy, and feel etc. which shows where you have been and what you uncomfortable in a particular situation have been doing: Every website you visit leaves an electronic footprint of your surfing habits. elemental /el.'men.t*l/ adj 4 literary showing the electronic 'mail noun [U] formal email strong power of nature: elemental force/fury 2 basic or most simple, but strong: elemental needs/desires/ electronic ‘mailbox noun [{C] a computer file feelings ney where emails are stored elementary /el.1'men.t?r.i/ GS /-to-/ adj 1 baste: I electronic ‘publishing noun [U] the business of have an elementary knowledge of physics. °' They publishing information that is read using a com- made some elementary mistakes. ° Millions of travel- puter: an electronic publishing company/course lers fail to take even the most elementary of precautions. electronics /1,lek'tron.tks/ GS /-'tra:.niks/ noun [U] @ 2 @ relating to the early stages of studying a subject: the scientific study of electric current and the TEcH- This book contains a series of elementary exercises for noLocy that uses it: @ degree in electronics © the learners. electronics industry ele mentary ‘particle noun [C sorelallaaae one of electronic ‘tagging noun [U] the use of an the most simple parts of all matter, such as an electronic device that is fastened to a person who ELECTRON, a PROTON OF a NEUTRON has committed a crime, so that the police know where that person is ele'mentary school noun (C] UK old-fashioned or US _ @ a school which provides the first part of a child’s electron ‘microscope noun [C] a device that education, usually for children between ‘five and sends electrons through objects that are too small eleven years old to be seen easily, to produce a picture that is more detailed than that produced by ordinary microscopes elephant /‘el.1.font/ noun [C] @ a very large grey mammal.that has a TRUNK (= long nose) with which it electroplate /:'lek.trau.pleit/ G5 /-trov-/ verb [T] can pick things up specialized to cover the surface of a metal object with a thin layer of a different metal, often silver, IDIOM an elephant in the room informal If you say using ELEcTROLYsIs (= method that uses electric there is an elephant in the room, you mean that there — current): electroplated brass * electroplate noun [U] is an obvious problem or difficult. situation ‘that objects that have been electroplated peopledo not want to talk about. bon t. rao electroshock therapy /1Jek.trav,fok'Oer.o.pi/ @® elephantine /el.a'fen.tam/ adj formal very large: /-trou fa:k-/ noun [U] US electroconvulsive therapy She’s so tiny she makes me feel elephantine. electrostatic /1lek.trau'stet.ik/ GS /-trou'stet-/ adj elevate /'el.1.veit/ verb [T] 4 formal to raise something specialized connected with or caused by electricity or lift something up: The platform was elevated by which does not move in a current but is attracted to means of hydraulic legs. 2 to make someoneor the surface of some objects: an electrostatic charge something more important or to improve something: elegant /'el.1.g°nt/ adj 1G cracerut and attractive in They want to elevate the status of teachers. © These appearance or behaviour: an elegant woman °'a very factors helped to elevate the town into the list of the ten — a: arm |3: her |i: see |o: saw |u: too |ar my |av how | eo hair |er day |av no |1 near |or boy |va pure |ara fire |ava sour |  most attractive in the country. 3 be elevated to sth |491 Elizabethan formal to be given a higher rank or social position: He has been elevated to deputy manager.° She was eligible /‘el.1.dza:bl/ adj 1 @ having the necessary elevated to the peerage (= was given the title ‘Lady’). qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions: Are you eligible for early retirement/matemnity leave? You elevated /'el.1.ver.tid/ Gs /-tid/ adj 4 raised: The doctor might be eligible for a grant. ° Only people over 18 are said I was to keep my leg elevated. There is an eligible to vote. 2 describes someone who is not elevated area at the back of the building. 2 high or married and is thought to be a suitable future important: She holds a more elevated position in the marriage partner, especially because they are rich company. 3 [before noun] greater than is normal or and attractive: J can think of several eligible bachelors reasonable: He has a rather elevated idea of his own of my acquaintance. ¢ eligibility /,el.1.d3e'bil.1.ti/ GS importance. 4 [before noun] formal formal or typical of /-a.ti/ Illhave to check her eligibility to take part. ° The language found in literature: an elevated style/tone eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team. elevation /el.1'ver.j2n/ noun BUILDING P 14 [C] special- eliminate /1'lm.1.neit/ verb 1 @ [T] to remove or ized the front or side of a building as shown on a take away: A move towards healthy eating could help drawing: This plan shows the front, side and back eliminate heart disease. ° We eliminated the possibility elevations of the new supermarket. HEIGHT[> 2 [C or U] that. it could have been an accident. * The police formal the height of a place above the level of the sea: eliminated him from their enquiries. 2 @ [T often Atmospheric pressure varies with elevation and passive] to defeat someone so that they cannot temperature. » The crop is not grown at high eleva- continue in a competition: He was eliminated in the tions/above an elevation of 1,000 metres. HILL > 3 [C] third round of the competition. 3 [T] slang to murder: A formal a hill: The flagpole stands on a small elevation in police officer was accused of helping a drug gang front of the building. 1\MPORTANCE > 4 [U] formal the eliminate rivals. fact of being given a more important position: His elevation to the presidency of the new republic was elimination /1lm.'ner.fen/ noun [U] 4 @ the generally popular. process of removing something: the elimination of disease/pain ° their elimination from the competition elevator /‘el.1.ver.ta'/ GS /-ta/ noun [C] 4 @® US (UK 2 by a process of elimination by removing from _lift) a small room that carries people or goods up and several possible answers the ones that are unlikely to down in tall buildings 2 a moving strip that can be be correct until only one is left: We eventually found used for removing goods from a ship, putting bags the answer by a process of elimination. onto an aircraft, moving grain into a store, etc. elimi'nation tournament noun [C] US for knock- ‘elevator music noun [U] US for Muzak out eleven /r'lev.en/ number; noun eliminator /1'lim.t.ner.ta*/ GS /-ta/ noun [C] UK a part »number @M the number 11: There are eleven girls in of a competition in any game or sport where one my class and ten boys. » My younger brother is eleven. person or team plays against another to decide which >noun [C, + sing/pl verb] a team of eleven players of them will continue to the next stage and which will the eleven-'plus noun [s] UK in some parts of be removed from the competition England, an exam taken by children aged eleven that elision /1'l13.2n/ noun [C or U] specialized the fact of not affects what type of school they go to next pronouncing a particular sound in a word elevenses /i'lev.*n.ziz/ noun [plural] UK informal a elite /r'li:t/ noun; adj drink and a small amount to eat between breakfast »noun [C, + sing/pl verb] @ the richest, most powerful, and LUNCH best-educated, or best-trained group in a society: eleventh /i'lev.°n0/ ordinal number 11th written as a the country’s educated elite>a member of the word: Her birthday is on the eleventh (of this month). elite o disapproving A powerful and corrupt elite has ipiom the eleventh hour the last moment or almost bled this country dry. too late: We only received the signatures at the eleventh yadj [before noun] belonging to the richest, most hour. an eleventh-hour decision by the union to call off powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a the strike society: Elite (= excellent) troops were airlifted to the trouble zone. elf /elf/ noun [C] (plural elves) a small person with elitist /1'li:.tist/ adj; noun pointed ears who has magic powers in children’s »adj mainly disapproving organized for the good of a few stories { people who have special interests or abilities: Many ELF /ji:.el'ef/ noun [U] LANGUAGE> 1 abbreviation for remember sport at school as elitist, focusing only on English as a lingua franca: the type of English used by those who were good at it. © elitism /-tr.z2m/ noun [U] speakers of other languages as a way of communicat- mainly disapproving the quality of being elitist: The ing among themselves COMPUTING > 2 abbreviation accusation of elitism seems unfair as the festival for executable and linkable format: a system for presents a wide range of music, with something to ‘storing and moving computer files that contain please everyone. programs noun [C] mainly disapproving someone who believes elfin /'el.fin/ adj describes a person who is small and that something should be controlled by the richest or delicate: Her features were small, almost elfin. best educated group in a society: Hollywood elitists elicit. /i'lis.t/ verb [T] formal to get or produce who give millions of dollars to the Democrat party something, especially information or a reaction: elixir /1'lik.sta"/ GS /-sja:/ noun [C usually singular] literary Have you managed to elicit a response from them a substance, usually a liquid, with a magical power to -yet? o The questionnaire was intended to elicit informa- cure, improve, or preserve something: It’s yet another tion on eating habits. ° They were able to elicit the health product claiming to be the elixir of life/youth support of the public. ¢ elicitation /1,1s.1'ter.jon/ noun (= something to make you live longer/stay young). (U] Elizabethan /1]iz.a'bi:.02n/ adj; noun elide /r'laid/ verb [T] specialized to not pronounce a »adj from the period when Queen Elizabeth I was the particular sound in a word: The ‘t’ of ‘acts’ is often ruler of England (1558-1603) elided if someone is speaking quickly. >noun. [C] a person living during this period , jyes |kcat |p ring| § she | 6 thin |6 this | 3 decision | dg jar | t{ chip |« cat | e bed| a ago| 1sit |i cosy | p hot | 4 run |v put| elk - 492 | ELT / i:el'ti:/ noun [U] abbreviation for English Lan- guage Teaching: the teaching of wien to speakers elk /elk/ noun [C] (plural elks or elk) 4 US for wapiti of other languages 2 UK for moose elucidate /1'lu:.st.deit/ verb [I or T] formal to explain or ellipse /r'lrps/ noun [C] a regular ovat shape make clear: I don’t understand. You’ll have to elucidate. ellipsis /:'lip.sis/ noun (plural ellipses) specialized © The reasons for the change in weather conditions have LANGUAGE> 1 [C or U] the fact of words being left been elucidated by several scientists. ° elucidation out of a sentence but the sentence can still be /1lu:.st'der.fen/ noun [U] These figures need elucidation. understood: An example of ellipsis is ‘What percentage was left?’ 20’ (= 20 percent). PRINTED MARK > 2 [C] elude /r'lu:d/ verb [T] NOT ACHIEVE> 1 formal If something that you want eludes you, you do not three pots in a printed text, [...], which show where one or more words have been intentionally left out succeed in achieving it: The gold medal continues to elude her.° They had minor breakthroughs but real elliptical /:'lrp.t.k*1/ adj SHAPE> 4 (also elliptic) success eluded them. NOT BE CAUGHT> 2 to not be having an oval shape LANGUAGE > 2 formal Elliptical caught by someone: They eluded the police by fleeing. language has parts missing, so that it is sometimes NOT REMEMBER >¢3)formal If a piece of information difficult to understand: His message was written in a eludes you, you cannot remember it: I know who you deliberately elliptical style. ¢ elliptically /-i/ adv formal mean but her name eludes me. elm /elm/ noun [C or U] a large tree which loses its elusive /1'lu:.stv/ adj @ difficult to describe, find, leaves in winter, or the wood from this tree achieve or remember: The answers to these questions El Nino /el'ni:n.jau/ G /-jou/ noun [U] an unusual remain as elusive as ever. ° Success, however, remained ocean current that happens along the coast of Peru elusive for her. ° elusive memories ¢ elusively /-li/ adv every two to ten years, killing large numbers of sea ¢ elusiveness /-nas/ noun [U] creatures and causing noticeable and often severe changes in weather conditions in many areas of the elves /elvz/ plural of elf world: the El Nino weather pattern/system/phenom- ?em /am/ informal short form of them: Tell ‘em to 4 enon © Rains came late to the region because of El Nino. away. elocution /el.a'kju:.f2n/ noun [U] the art of careful emaciated /1'met.si.er.tid/ Gs /-tid/ adj formal very public speaking, using clear pronunciation and good thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme breathing to control the voice: classes in elocution hunger: There were pictures of emaciated children on elongate /‘i:.lon.gert/ @ /r'la:n-/ verb [| or T] to the cover of the magazine. * emaciation /1,met.si'er.{?n/ become or make something become longer, and noun [U] often thinner: The cells elongate as they take in water. email /'i:.merl/ noun; verb ¢ elongation /i:.lon'ger.fen/ Gs /1,1a:n-/ noun [U] >noun (also ‘'e-mail) 4 @ [U] the system for using elongated /'i:.lop.ger.tid/ G /1'la:n.ger.tid/ adj (spe- computers to send messages over the internet: You cialized elongate) longer and thinner than usual: In can contact us by email or fax. ° What’s your ‘email the photo her face was slightly elongated. address? 2 G@ [C] a message or document sent using elope /1'leup/ @ /-'loup/ verb, [I] to leave home this system: I got an email from Danielle last week. secretly in order to get married without the permis- >verb [T] (also 'e-mail) G to send an email to someone: sion of parents: She eloped with an Army. officer. Email me when you’ve got time. ° [+ two objects] Has he e elopement /-mant/ noun [C] emailed you that list of addresses yet? eloquent /‘el.a.kwent/ adj giving a clear, strong emanate /'em.a.nert/ verb [T] formal to express a message: She made an eloquent appeal for action. quality or feeling through the way that you look and e eloquence /-kwens/ noun [U] ¢ eloquently /-li/ behave: Her face emanated sadness. ¢ emanation /,em. adv He spoke eloquently. a'ner.fen/ noun [C or U] else /els/ adv @ used after words beginning with PHRASAL VERB emanate from/through sth/sb to come any-, every-, no-, and some-, or after how, what, out of or be produced by something or someone: where, who, why, but not which, to mean other, Angry voices emanated from the room. another, different, extra: Everybody else has (= all the other people have) agreed except for you. ° If it doesn’t emancipate /i'mzn.si.peit/ verb [T] to give people work, try something else (= something different). ° Let’s social or political freedom and rights go before they ask us to visit anyone else (= another emancipated /1'men.si.per.tid/ @) /-tid/ adj not person). ° It’s not my bag. It must be someone else’s (= it limited socially or politically: We live in more must belong to another person). ° The book isn’t here. emancipated times.° The 20s and 60s are often Where else (= in what other place) should I look? ° He regarded as the most emancipated decades. came to see you. Why else (= for what other reason) emancipation /1men.st'per.f2n/ noun [U] the would he come? e After I’d thanked them I didn’t know process of giving people social or political freedom what else (= what other things) to say. and rights: women’sffemale emancipation black IDIOM or else 4 @® used to say what will happen if emancipation ' a another thing does not happen: We must be there by emasculate /i'mzs.kju.leit/ verb [T] 4 formal to six, or else we’ll miss the beginning. 2 G used to reduce the effectiveness of something: They were compare two different things or situations: She’s accused of trying to emasculate the report’s recommen- either really talkative and you can’t shut her up or else dations. 2 formal to make a man feel less male by she’s silent. 3 informal used as a threat, sometimes taking away his power and confidence: A lot of men humorously: He’d better find it quickly, or else (= or I would feel emasculated if they stayed at home while will punish him in some way)! their wives went out to work. 3 specialized to remove elsewhere /els'wea'/ G /'els.wer/ adv @ at, in, the male parts of something * emasculation /1mes. from, or to another place or other places; anywhere kju'ler.f2n/ noun [U] formal or somewhere else: The report looks at economic embalm /1m'ba:m/ verb [T] to use chemicals to growth in Europe and elsewhere. ° They couldn’t find prevent a dead body from decaying * embalmer what they wanted and decided to look elsewhere. /-ba:.ma"/ Gs /-ba:.ma/ noun [C] a: arm |3: her |i: see |9: saw |u: too |ar my |au how | ea hair |er day |au no | 19 near |a1 boy |va pure |ata fire |ave sour | embankment /im'benk.moant/ noun [C] an artificial embrace slope made of earth and/or stones: a river/road/ railway embankment embellish eae bel.if/vere (ry to makedisomadang more beautiful or interesting by adding something to embargo /1m'ba:.gou/ @ /-gou/ noun; verb it: The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves. >noun [C] (plural embargoes) an order to temporarily ° He couldn’t resist embellishing the story of his stop something, especially trading or giving informa- accident a little. » embellishment /-mant/ noun [C tion: They have put an embargo on imports of clothing. or U] The police asked for a news embargo while they tried to find the kidnapper. ember /‘em.ba"/ Gs /-ba:/ noun [C usually plural] a piece reverb [T] to officially stop trading with another of wood or coal, etc. which continues to burn after a country: They are planning to embargo oil imports. fire has no more flames: We sat by the glowing/dying embers of the fire. embark /im'ba:k/ Gs /-ba:rk/ verb [I] formal to go onto a ship: We embarked at Liverpool for New York. embezzle /im'bez.1/ verb [| or T] to secretly take + Opposite disembark * embarkation /em.ba:'kel. money that is in your care or that belongs to an fen/ GS /-ba:r-/ noun [C or U] You’ll be asked for those organization or business you work for: She embezzled documents on embarkation. thousands of dollars from the charity. * embezzlement /-mant/ noun [U] They were arrested for embezzlement PHRASAL VERB embark on/upon sth to start something of company funds. ¢ embezzler /-la"/ G3 /-la/ noun [C] new or important: We’re embarking upon a new project later this year __ embittered /im'bit.ad/ Gs /-'bit.ad/ adj very angry about unfair things that have happened to you: He embarrass /1m' ber seh Gs) /- 'ber-/ herb (r @ to died a disillusioned and embittered old man. * embitter cause someone to feel nervous, worried or uncom- /-'bit.at/ Gs) /-'brt.a/ verb [T] to make someone feel fortable: You’re embarrassing him with your embittered compliments! © I didn’t want to embarrass her in front emblazon /im'bler.z°n/ verb [T usually passive] (also of her friends. blazon) to print or decorate something in a very embarrassed /im'ber.ost/ Gs) /-'ber-/ adj 1 @ noticeable way: Her name was emblazoned across the feeling ashamed or shy: She felt embarrassed about front of the theatre. ° cars emblazoned with the undressing in front of the doctor. [+ to infinitive] J was company logo too embarrassed to admit that I was scared. 2 finan- emblem /'em.blom/ noun [C] a picture of an object cially embarrassed humorous having no money that is used to represent a particular person, group, embarrassing /im'ber.o.siy/ Gs /-'ber-/ adj @ or idea: A rose is the national emblem of England. making you feel embarrassed: an embarrassing emblematic /,em.blo'met.1k/ GS /-'met-/ adj formal situation. [+ to infinitive] It’s embarrassing to be representing a particular person, group or idea: A caught telling a lie.» My most embarrassing moment sword is emblematic of power gained by violence. was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn’t e emblematically /-1.k°1.i/ adv remember. ¢ embarrassingly /-li/ adv an embarrass- embodiment /im'bpd.1.mant/ Gs /-'ba:.di-/ noun ingly poor Beaeirancejoud voice the embodiment of sth someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly: She was portrayed in the papers as the embodiment of evil. = Check your spelling! embody /1m'bod.i/ Gs /-'ba:.di/ verb [T] formal 4 @ to Embarrassing is one of the 50 words most often represent a quality or an idea exactly: She embodied spelled wrongly by learners. Remember: the good sportsmanship on the playing field. 2 to include as correct spelling has ‘rr’ and ‘ss’. part of something: Kennett embodied in one man an embarrassment /1m'ber.os.mant/ Gs /-'ber-/ noun unusual range of science, music and religion. [C or U] @® the feeling of being embarrassed, or embolden /1m'baul.d?n/ G5 /-'boul-/ verb [T] formal to something that makes you feel embarrassed: She make someone brave: Emboldened by drink, he walked blushed with embarrassment. ° My parents are an over to speak to her. embarrassment to me! embolism /'em.ba.li.z2m/ noun [C] specialized a IDIOM an embarrassment ‘of riches formal so many bubble of air, a Lump (= solid mass) of blood that good things or people that it is impossible to decide has become hard or a small piece of fat which blocks which of them you want a tube carrying blood around the body emboss /im'bps/ Gs) /-'ba:s/ verb [T] to decorate an embassy /'em.ba.si/ noun [C] 4 @ the group of object, especially with letters, using special tools people who represent their country in a foreign which make a raised mark on its surface: She handed country: We used to be friendly with some people who me a business card with her name neatly embossed on worked at the Swedish Embassy. 2 GD the building that it. these people work in: The Ambassador held a reception at the embassy. embrace /im'breis/ verb; noun rverb ACCEPT > 1 @ [T] formal to accept something embattled /im'bet.|d/ Gs /-'bet-/ adj having a lot of enthusiastically: This was an opportunity that he would problems or difficulties: an embattled government embrace. HOLD > 2 @ [I or T] literary to hold someone embed (-dd-) (US also imbed) /1m'bed/ verb [T] to fix tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or something firmly into a substance sympathy, or when greeting or leaving someone: She embedded (US also imbedded) /im'bed.id/ adj saw them embrace on the station platform. ° He leaned FIXED> 1 fixed into the surface of something: The over to embrace the child. INCLUDE > 3 @ [T] formal to thorn was embedded in her thumb. EMOTION> 2 If an include something, often as one of a number of emotion, opinion, etc. is embedded in someone or things: Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects something, it is a very strong or important part of such as phonetics and stylistics. them: A sense of guilt was deeply embedded in my >noun [C] @ the act of holding someone tightly with conscience. PROTECTED BY SOLDIERS 3 An both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or ‘embedded jourNALIsT Or REPORTER travels with and is when greeting or leaving someone: She greeted me protected by a unit of soldiers during a war. with a warm embrace. jyes |k cat |n ring | f she |@ thin |6 this | 3decision | dg jar | tf chip |« cat |e bed | a ago |1 sit |i cosy |p hot | a run |vput | embrocation 494 | ing known or starting to exist: China’s emergence as an economic power © the emergence of a new strain of embrocation /em.bro'ker.jen/ @ /-brou-/ noun [C] the HIV virus APPEARING? 2, formal the fact of mainly, UK formal a liquid that is rubbed onto the body someone appearing by coming out from behind to reduce pain or stiffness in muscles something: Unfortunately, I misjudged the timing of embroider /m'brot.da'/ G3 /-da/ verb [I or T] my emergence, 3 the fact of someone or something DECORATE CLOTH > 14 to decorate cloth or clothing coming to the end of a difficult period or experience: with patterns or pictures consisting of stircHes that the country’s emergence from bankruptcy are sewn directly onto the material: J am embroidering emergency /1'ms:.d32n.si/ G5 /-'m3z-/ noun [Cor U] this picture for my mother. ADD TO A STORY > @ something dangerous or serious, such as an make a story more entertaining by adding imaginary accident, which happens suddenly or unexpectedly details to it: Naturally, I embroidered, the tale-a little to and needs fast action in order to avoid harmful make it more interesting: results: How. would disabled people escape in an embroidery /1m'broi,d2r.i/ GS /-da-/ noun SEWING > emergency? ols the emergency exit suitable for 4 [C or U] patterns or pictures that consist of strtcHES wheelchairs? ° The pilot of the aircraft was forced to sewn. directly onto cloth: Let me show you Pat’s make an emergency landing on Lake Geneva: embroideries. ° It was a beautiful piece of embroidery. 2 [U] the activity of decorating a piece of cloth with STITCHES Sewn onto it: J’m not very good at embroidery. cope with/deal with/respond to an emergency ¢ a STORY > 3 [U] the way that someone makes a story dire/real/sudden emergency ¢ in an emergency © more entertaining by adding imaginary details to it: comic embroidery e'mergency brake noun US for handbrake /im'browl/ verb [T] to cause someone to e'mergency ‘room noun (abbreviation ER) US. for become involved in an argument or a difficult casualty situation: She had no desire to embroil herself in emergency ‘services noun [plural] mainly UK the lengthy lawsuits with the tabloid newspapers. ° The organizations that deal with accidents and urgent United Nations was reluctant to get its forces embroiled problems such as fire, illness or crime in civil war. emerging /1'ms:.d31n/ © /-'ms:-/ adj [before noun] embryo /'em.bri.su/ G _ /-ov/ noun [C]. (plural (formal emergent) starting to exist: Western govern- embryos) 1 an animal that is developing either in ments should be giving more aid to the emerging its mother’s woms or in an egg, or a plant that is democracies of the shh World. °: emergent aarti developing in a seed: Between the eighth week of markets development and birth a human embryo is called a foetus. 2 in embryo formal developing and not yet emeritus /1'mer.t.tas/ G /-tas/ adj [before or after complete: The department's plans for enlargement are noun] no longer having a position, especially in a still in embryo. college or university, but keeping the title of the position: She became Emeritus Professor of Linguistics embryology /em.bri'pl.a.d3i/ G /-'a:.la-/ noun [U] when she retired. the study of animal development between the FERTIL- izATion of the egg and the time when the animal is emery /'em.*r.i/ @ /-2-/ noun [U] a very hard, dark born ¢ embryologist /-d3ist/ noun [C] grey substance, usually in the form of a powder, that is used to smooth or shape things embryonic /em.bri'pn.tk/ @ /-'a:.ntk/ adj 4 relating to an embryo 2 [before noun] formal starting to ‘emery board noun [C] a thin piece of cardboard develop: The project is still at an embryonic stage. with a rough surface used to shape FINGERNAILS emcee /em'si:/ noun [C], verb US (to act as an) Mc emetic /i'met.1k/ Gs /-'met-/ noun [C] specialized a (= Master of Ceremonies) substance, especially a medicine, that causes vomit- emend /1'mend/ verb [T] to correct or improve a text: ing ° emetic adj The text is currently. being emended and will be emigrant /'em.1.grant/, noun [C] a sialic who published shortly. ° emendation /i:.men'dez.fen/ emigrates > Compare immigrant noun [C or U] emigrate /'em.1.greit/ verb [I] to leave a country emerald /'em.s.rald/ noun 4 [C or U] a transparent permanently and go to live in another one: Millions of bright green valuable stone that is often used in Germans emigrated from Europe to America in the 19th jewellery: a ring with a large emerald ° an emerald century. °Thousands of Britons emigrate every year. necklace/ring 2 [U] (also emerald ‘green) a bright ° emigration /,em.1'gre.fen/ noun [C or U) ) © green colour e emerald /'em.a.rald/ adj (also émigré (also emigré) /'em.1.grer/ noun [C] someone emerald ‘green) emerald eyes who has had to leave their country permanently, the Emerald 'Isle noun literary Ireland usually for political reasons ; emerge /1'm3:d3/ Gs)/-'ms:d3/ verb [|] APPEAR > 1 @ eminence /‘em.inans/ noun [U] the state of being to appear by coming out of something or out from famous, respected, or important: his eminence as a behind something: She emerged from the sea, blue film director with cold. 2 to come to the end of a difficult period or experience: The Prince emerged unscathed from the Eminence /'em.1.nans/ noun [C] the title ofa CARDINAL scandal. BECOME KNOWN > 3 @ to become known, (= priest of very high rank in the Roman Catholic especially as a result of examining something or Church) asking questions about it: The facts behind the scandal éminence grise /'em.1.nbs,gri:z/ noun [C] (andgrey are sure to emerge eventually. ° [+ that] It has emerged 'eminence) someone without an official position who that secret talks had been going on between the two has power or influence over rulers or people who companies before the takeover was announced. © She’s make decisions: Civil servants are the ones who really the most exciting British singer to emerge on the pop have the power — they are the éminences grises behind scene for a decade. the government ministers. emergence | /i'ms:.d3ns/_ > /-'ms:-/ noun. [U] eminent /'em.1.nent/ adj @ famous, respected or BECOMING KNOWN > 1 the fact of something becom- important: an eminent historian a: arm |3: her | i:see|9: saw|u: too |at my |av how |ea hair |er day |au no |12 near |21 boy |,va pure |aia fire |ava sour | eminently /'em.a.nont.li/) adv. formal very and 495 empire obviously: He is eminently qualified for the job. « an eminently readable book suffered. ° an emotionally charged (= causing strong feelings) issue emir /em'to'/ G5 /-'v/ noun [C] a ruler of particular Muslim countries in the Middle East e motional ‘blackmail noun (U) a way of trying to make someone do something by making them feel emirate /'em.1.rat/ noun [C] a country ruled by an guilty emir emotional in'telligence noun {U] the ability to emissary /'em.1.s°r.i/ 5) /-ser-/ noun [C]. formal a understand the way people feel and react and to use person sent by one government or political leader to this skill to make good judgments and to avoid or another to take messages or to, take part in discus- solve problems: Individuals with even a small degree of sions: The Foreign Secretary has flown to China as the emotional intelligence are a dream to work for. personal emissary of the prime minister. emotionalism /i!mou.f°n.L1.29m/ Gs /-'mou-/ noun emission /:'mij.°n/ noun 1 @ [U] the act of sending [U] disapproving showing too much emotion out gas, heat, light, etc.: Environmental groups want a emotionless /i'mov.f°n,los/ G5 /:'mou-/ adj not substantial reduction in the emission of greenhouse showing emotion gases. 2 @ [C] an amount of gas, heat, light, etc. that is sent out: carbon dioxide emissions emotive /i'mov.tiv/ Gs /-'mou.tiv/ adj causing strong feelings: Animal experimentation is a highly emotive emit /i'mit/ verb [T] (-tt-) @ to send out a beam, noise, issue, * emotively /-li/ adv smell, or gas: The alarm emits infra-red rays which are used to detect any intruder. » The machine emits a high empanel (-ll- or US usually -I-) (also impanel (-Il- or US pitched sound when you press the. button. USUALLY -I-)) /im'peen.°l/ verb [T] specialized in a law court, to choose the people who will form the jury for Emmy /'em.i/ noun [C] (plural Emmys) one of a set of a trial American prizes given each year to actors and other people involved in making television programmes empathize (UK usually empathise) /'em.po.0a1z/ verb [I] to be able to understand how someone else feels: emo /‘i:.mou/ U5) /-mou/ noun 4 [U] a type of popular It's very easy to empathize with the characters in her PUNK music with words about people’s feelings and books. + Compare sympathize * empathetic / em. emotions 2 [C] slang a young person who likes this po'et.ik/ (Us)/-'Oet-/ adj empathizing with someone music, wears mainly black clothes, and is often empathy /'em.po.0i/ noun (U] @ the ability to share nervous, worried, and unhappy * emo adj relating someone else’s feelings or experiences by imagining to the music, clothes, opinions, and behaviour of what it would be like to be in their situation emos » Compare sympathy emollient /:'mpl.i-ont/ Gs /-'ma:.li-/ noun; adj emperor /'em.p°r.o"/ WS /-pa.a/ noun [C] @ a male »noun [C] a cream or liquid which makes dry or sore ruler of an empire > See also empress skin softer or less painful radj 4 helping to treat dry, sore skin: an emollient emphasis /'em.fo.sis/ noun [C or U] (plural emphases) cream 2 formal making people calm and avoiding 1 @ the particular importance or attention that you argument: an emollient mood/tone give to something: J think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it. emolument /:'mpl,ju.mont/5 /-'ma:l-/ noun [C] UK ° Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on written formal a payment in money or some other form that is work and grammar 2 the extra force that you give to a made for work that has been done word or part of a word when you are saying it: The emoticon /i'mov,ti.kon/ ©) /i'mou.ti.kain/ noun [C] emphasis ts on the final syllable. ° Where do you put the (also smiley) an image made up of symbols such as emphasis in the word ‘controversy’? PUNCTUATION MARKS, used in text messages, emails, etc. emphasize (UK usually emphasise) /'em.fo.sarz/ verb to express a particular emotion [T] 1 @ to show that something is very important or emotion /:'mov.§°n/ Gs /-'mov-/ noun [C or U] @® a worth giving attention to: [+ question word] I’d just like strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong to emphasize how important it is for people to learn feelings in general: Like a lot of men, he finds it hard foreign languages. ° [+ that] He emphasized that all the to express his emotions. » My mother was overcome with people taking part in the research were volunteers. ° You emotion and burst into tears. can use italics or capitals to emphasize a word in a piece aa artners for emi RIS eye speleer Ge of writing. 2 to make something more obvious: Tight jeans will only emphasize any extra weight that you are Wer rensresniy inotlon ° experience/feel carrying. emotion © be overcome by/with emotion ¢ conflict: emphatic /em'feet.sk/ U5 /-'feet-/ adj done or said ina | ing/mixed emotions * a deep/intense/powerful/ strong way and without any doubt: Poland reached the | strong emotion ¢ a flicker/sign/trace of emotion final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic | a display/expression of emotion * without emotion 5-0 victory over Italy. ° The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation. * emphatically emotional /:'mov.{°n.*l/ G /-'mou-/ adj 1@ relating /-1.kl.i/ adv Johnson has emphatically denied the to the emotions: a child’s emotional development » My allegations against him, doctor said the problem was more. emotional than physical. ° Amnesia can be caused by emotional emphysema /,em.fo'si:.mo/ noun [U] a condition in trauma. 2 G having and expressing strong feelings: which the small bags in the lungs become filled with ~He’s a very emotional man. ° I felt quite emotional too much air, causing breathing difficulties and heart ‘during the wedding ceremony. ° He became very emo- problems: Heavy cigarette smoking often causes ‘tional when I told him I was pregnant. » The president emphysema. has made an emotional (= full of emotion) plea for the empire /‘em.paro'/ G» /-pair/ noun [C] COUNTRIES |» killing to stop. * emotionally /-i/ adv @® She spoke 1@ a group of countries ruled by a single person, ‘emotionally about her experiences as a war government or country: the Holy Roman Empire + See correspondent. » Many children have become emotion- also imperial ORGANIZATION |> 2 @ a very large and ally disturbed as a result of the abuse they have important business or organization: In the space of jyes |kcat |n ring | {she | 0 thin |6 this |% decision |dz jar |t{ chip |« cat | e bed |a ago |1 sit | i cosy |» hot |a run |o put | empirical 496 | empower /im'pava'/ Gs /-'paur/ verb. [T) to: give someone official authority or the freedom to do just ten years, fe company has grown from one small something: [+ to infinitive] This amendment empowers shop to a multi-million-pound empire. the president to declare an emergency for a wide range empirical /im'pi.1.k?1/ adj @ based on what is of reasons. © The first step in empowering the poorest experienced or seen rather than on theory: This sections of society is making sure they vote. theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/ ¢ empowerment /-mont/ noun [U] evidence. © Empirical studies show that some forms of empowering /im'pavo.rm/ GS /-'paur.m/ adj Some- alternative medicine are extremely effective. e empiric- thing that is empowering makes you more confident ally /-i/ adv and makes you feel that you are in control of your empiricism /1m'prr.1.si.z°m/ noun [U] the belief in life: For me, learning to drive was an empowering using empirical methods ¢ empiricist /-sist/ noun [C] experience. emplacement /1m'pleis.mont/ noun [C] specialized a empress /'em.pras/ noun [C] a female ruler of an position specially prepared for large pieces of EMPIRE, Or the wife of a male ruler of an empire > See military equipment also emperor employ /im'plo:/ verb; noun emptiness /'emp.ti.nas/ noun [U] EMPTY SPACE > >verb PROVIDE JOB > 1 Gp [T] to have someone work or 4 empty space: He gazed out over the emptiness of the do a job for you and pay them for it: How many moors. NOT SINCERE [> 2 the fact of not being sincere people does your company employ? © Can’t we employ or having no real meaning: the emptiness of these someone as an assistant to help with all this political gestures SAD FEELING> 3 a sad feeling of paperwork? © [+ to infinitive] We’ve employed a market having no emotion or purpose: J was left with a researcher to find out what people really want from a horrible feeling of emptiness. cable TV system. ° More people are now employed in service industries than in manufacturing. USE > 2 @ [T] empty /‘emp.ti/ adj; verb; noun formal to use something: Sophisticated. statistical >adj NOTHING IN 1@ not containing any things or people: an empty house/street » Shall I take the empty analysis was employed to obtain these results. SPEND bottles for recycling? » The train was empty (= there TIME > 3 be employed in doing sth formal to spend time doing something: He was busily employed in were no passengers) by the time it reached London. NOT lacing up his shoes. SINCERE > 2 @) [usually before noun] not sincere or >noun formal be in sb’s employ to be working for without any real meaning: empty threats/ someone rhetoric > They’re just empty promises. WITHOUT PURPOSE > 3 without purpose or interest: He says employable /im'plot.s.bl/ adj having enough skills his life has been completely empty since his wife died. and abilities for someone to employ you: Computer oI felt empty, like a part of me had died. ¢ emptily skills make you far more employable. /-t.li/ adv employee /im'plovi:/, /,em.plo'i:/ noun [C] @ someone who is paid to work for someone else: The |EJ Other ways of saying ¢ sig eth peas shed number of employees in the company has trebled over If a place is empty because there are noiE in the past decade.» She’s a former council employee/ it, you can describe it as deserted: employee of the council. It was three o'clock in the morning and the streets. employer /1m'plo1.9"/ G9 /-a:/ noun [C] @ a person or were deserted. organization that employs people: We need a reference Desolate can be used about places that are empty from your former employer. and unattractive: ‘Ei Common mistake: employeroremployee? __ The house stood in a bleak, desolate landscape. If a place or building is empty because no people Warning: Choose the right word! live there, you could use the word uninhabited: To talk about someone who is paid to work for The island is uninhabited. someone else, don’t say ‘employer’, say employee: If aroom or building is empty because it has no i furniture in it, you could describe it as bare or a EOUTSE- unfurnished: employment /im'ploiment/ noun [U] PROVIDE The room was completely bare. JOB 1) the fact of someone being paid to work The house was unfurnished. ss for a company or organization: Employment levels are Vacant is a word you can use to describe some-. unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year. thing that is empty and available to be used: a ib ° How long have you been looking for employment? The hospital has no vacant beds. ~ oF } 2 be in employment formal to have a job: Are you in Blank can be used about empty places _ Piece employment at the moment? USE 3 formal use: How of paper: can you justify the Se ae ofati Pera ica Sign your name in the blank space at thebossa | ‘Word partners for em bi of the form. 3 look for/seek employment ¢S crdueionrellProvide iDljom on an “empty ‘stomach without eating any- employment e full-time/part-time/permanent/tem- thing: You should never go to work on an Srey porary employment ¢ full employment © gainful/ stomach. paid employment reverb 4 (T] to 1remove everything from inside some- em'ployment agency noun [C] a business that thing: I emptied the closet and put my belongings into finds suitable people to work for other businesses the black overnight case. » Would you mind emptying emporium /im'po:.ri-om/ @ /-po:r.i-/ noun [C] (plural (out) your pockets? » Empty the soup into a saucepan emporia or emporiums) old-fashioned a large shop and simmer gently for ten minutes. She quickly selling a large range of goods, or a shop selling a emptied her glass (= drank its contents) and,ordered particular type of goods: a video/ice cream/antiques another drink. 2 [lI] to become empty: The place emporium emptied pretty quickly when the fight started. wih a: arm | 3; her |i: see | 9: saw |u: too | ar my |av how| ea hair |er day |av no |1 near| 91 boy |va pure |ara fire |aua sour |  PHRASAL VERB empty into sth If a river empties into a« |497 enchant larger area of water, the water from it flows into that increase the stated quality: Sweeten to taste with larger area: The River Tees empties into the North Sea. honey or brown sugar. ° I've had to loosen my belt. »noun [C usually plural] an empty drinks bottle: Don’t enable /i'ner.b!/ verb [T] @ to make someone able to forget to take the empties.to. the bottle. bank. do something, or to make something possible: [+ to empty ‘calories noun [plural] energy from food infinitive] Computerization should, enable us to cut containing no NuTRIENTS (= substances which help you production costs by half to be healthy) enabled /i'nei.bld/ adj, suffix 1 provided with a empty-handed adj [after verb] without bringing or particular type of equipment or TECHNOLOGY, or having taking anything: We can’t go to the party empty- the necessary or correct system, device or arrange- handed. ment to use it: Their aim is to make sure that every empty-'headed adj [after verb] silly, stupid, or not home and business becomes internet-enabled in the having good judgment next ten years. 2 operated or made possible by the use of a particular thing: voice-enabled software ‘empty ;nester noun [C] informal someone whose children have grown up, and no longer live with them enabler /i'nei.blo"/ GS /-bla/ noun [C] a person or organization that allows other people to do things empty ‘nest syndrome noun [U] the sad feelings themselves instead of doing things for them which parents have when their children grow up and leave home: The last of her children had recently CRE tnek/ verb MAKE LAW> 1 [T often passive] moved out and she was suffering from empty nest specialized to put something into action, especially to syndrome. change something into a law: A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country. PER- EMS /ji:.em'es/ noun MONEY> 4 the EMS. [S| FORM > 2 [T] formal to perform a story or play: The abbreviation for the European Monetary System: a stories are enacted using music, dance and. mime. system for limiting changes in the values of the e enactment /-mont/ noun [C or U] different types of money used in countries in the European Union + Compare ECU, EMU PHONE p> 2[U] rr |ST noun; verb abbreviation for enhanced messaging service: a system >noun 1[C or U] a decorative substance like glass that for sending text messages from one mobile phone to is melted onto clay, metal, or glass objects and then another left to cool and become hard, or an object covered with this substance 2 a type of paint which forms a emu /‘i:.mju:/ noun [C] emu shiny surface when dry 3 the hard white shiny (plural emu or emus) a substance which forms the covering of a tooth large Australian bird with everb [T] (-Il- or US usually -I-) to cover something with a long neck and grey or enamel brown feathers, which cannot fly but has long enamoured UK formal (Us (RD /i'ngem.ad/©) legs and can run quickly /-2d/ adj [after verb] liking a lot: I have to say I’m not exactly enamoured with/of this part of the country. EMU /i:.em'ju:/ noun [U] abbreviation for European en ‘bloc adv formal all together in a united group: The Monetary Union: the ruling. committee resigned en bloc to make way for a process within the Euro- new election. pean Union of moving enc. (also encl.) written abbreviation for enclosed towards a single CURRENCY encamp /m'kamp/ verb [I or T] mainly UK (US, usually ‘+ Compare ECU, EMS camp) to make an encampment or put someone in emulate /'em.ju.lert/ verb » de an encampment [Tt] formal to copy something achieved by someone encampment /in'kemp.mont/ noun [C] a group of else and try to do it as well as they have: They hope to tents or temporary shelters put in one place: Many emulate the success of other software companies. people are living in encampments around the city with ‘ Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martin’s record of three no electricity or running water. successive world titles. © emulation /,em.jo'ler.fen/ encapsulate /in'kep.sju.leit/ verb [T] to express or noun [C or U] show the most important facts about something: Jt emulsifier /1'mal.st.fat.o"// © /-a/ noun [C] a sub- was very difficult to encapsulate the story of the stance which forms or keeps an emulsion and is often revolution in a single one-hour documentary. * encap- added to processep foods to prevent particular parts sulation /1n,kep.sjo'ler.fen/ noun [C or U] from separating encase /in'keis/ verb [T] to cover or surround some- emulsify /i'mal.si.fai/ verb [I or T| If two liquids thing or someone completely: The nuclear waste is emulsify or are emulsified, they combine and become encased in concrete before being sent for storage in a smooth mixture. disused mines. emulsion /:'mal.f°n/ noun [C or U] 4.a mixture that -eNce (also -ance) /-°ns/ suffix ACTION > 1 used to form results when one liquid is added to another and is nouns which refer to an action or series of actions: mixed with it but does not dissolve into it: Mixing oil violence (= violent actions) ° a performance (= act of and vinegar together produces an emulsion. 2 a water- performing) STATE! 2 used to form nouns which based paint that is not shiny when dry: emulsion paint describe a state or quality: her long absence (= period en- /in-/, /en-/ prefix (before b or p em-) 4 used to form during which she was absent) -verbs which mean to put into or onto something: encephalitis /en.kef.o'lai.tis/ © /en,sef.o'lar.tis/ ‘encase ° encircle °endanger 2 used to form verbs noun [U] specialized a serious illness caused by an which mean to cause to be something: infection that makes the brain swell enable ° endear» enlarge enrich 3 used to form enchant /1n'tfa:nt/ @ /-'t{ent/ verb [T] PLEASE > 1 to verbs. which mean to provide with something: attract or please someone very much: The audience empower was clearly enchanted by her performance. MAGIC> -en /-°n/ suffix used to form verbs which mean to 2 to have a magical effect on someone or something j yes| k cat | ring |{she | @ thin |6 this |3 decision | dz jar |t{ chip | 2 cat | e bed | a ago |1 sit |i cosy | p hot | a run |v put | enchanted 498 | encounter /in'kaun.ta"/ G5 /-ta/ noun; verb »noun [C] 1a meeting, especially one that happens by e enchanter /-'tfa:n.ta'/ GS /-'tfen.ta/ noun [C] chance: J had a rather alarming encounter with a wild ¢ enchantment /-mant/ noun [C or U] spells and pig. © This meeting will be the first encounter between enchantments the party leaders since the election. 2 an occasion when enchanted /in't{a:n.tid/ GS /-'tfeen.tid/ adj affected people have sex, usually with someone they have not by magic or seeming to be affected by magic: They met before 3 an occasion when two teams’ play met in Paris one enchanted afternoon in early autumn. against each other: Jn their last encounter with Italy, enchanting /in'tfan.try/ GS /-'tfen.tiy/ adj very England won 3-2. pleasant: It’s described in the guide book as ‘an »verb [T] MEET > 1 formal to meet someone unexpect- enchanting medieval city’. edly: On their way home they encountered a woman selling flowers. EXPERIENCE > (2/ Gp to experience, enchantress /in't{a:n.tras/ CG» /-'tfen-/ noun [C] 1a especially something unpleasant: When did you first woman with magical powers 2 literary an extremely encounter these difficulties? » The army ts reported to be attractive and interesting woman encountering considerable resistance. enchilada /en.t{i'la:.da/ noun [C] a type of food encourage /in'kar.1d3/ © /-'ks:-/ verb [T] 4 @ to originally from Mexico consisting of a thin PANCAKE make someone more likely to do something, or to that is fried, filled with meat, and covered with a very make something more likely to happen: [T + to spicy sauce infinitive] We were encouraged to learn foreign lan- encircle /1n'ss:.kl/Gs /-'ss:-/. verb [T] to saeoand guages at school.» The council is en