Construction Materials And Testing PDF

CE 405 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING LESSON I.I GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ENGR. RANDEL LUIS I PANGAN -...... INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME I. Understanding Material Properties: Students will be able to describe the fundamental mech...

CE 405 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING LESSON I.I GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ENGR. RANDEL LUIS I PANGAN -...... INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME I. Understanding Material Properties: Students will be able to describe the fundamental mechanical properties of construction materials, such as strength , elasticity, ductility, and hardness. II. Material Testing Methods: Students will demonstrate knowledge of various testing methods (e.g., tensile, compression, shear, and impact tests) and explain their significance in evaluating material behavior. Ill. Stress-Strain Relationships: Students will be able to analyze and interpret stress-strain curves. identifvina kev ooints such as the orooortional limit. I I I... :. / ENERAL The physical properties are the cha use. There c::J Google Slides I.I DENSITY ( DRY) is the dry mass per unit volume of a substance under absolute compact conditions. Material Brick 2.5-2.8 Granite 2.6 -2.9 Portland Cement 2.9- 3.1 Wood 1.5-1.. 6 Steel 7.8- 7.9 Sand 2.6-2.9 -......  1.2 BULK DENSITY refers to the mass per unit volume of the substance under conditions that powdery or granular materials are packed. It is the mass of a unit volume of material in the natural state. < 5 >.. -...... 1.2 DENSITY INDEX the ratio of bulk density and density. It indicates the degree to which the volume of the material is filled with solid matter. -...... 1.3 UNIT WEIGHT is the weight of the material per unit volume....... 1.4 TRUE OR ABSOLUTE SPECIFIC GRAVITY if both the permeable voids are excluded for determining the true volume of solids, the specific gravity obtained is called the true or absolute specific gravity. -...... 1.5 APPARENT OR MASS SPECIFIC GRAVITY If both the permeable and impermeable voids included to determine the true volume of solids. -...... 1.6 POROSITY is defined as the ratio of the total pore volume to the apparent volume. Vv e n - - -- - V e +1......  1.7 VOIDS Empty space in the materials. < 11 >.. -...... 1.8 HYGROSCOPICITY Ability of the material to absorb water vapor from the air. Moisture content is the percentage of the water contained in a material to its dry mass....... 1.9 WATER ABSORPTION Refers to the percentage of the absorbed water's volume to the materials natural volume. When the material absorbs water to saturation. REFERENCES Mamlouk,M. Zaniewski,J (2018). Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers.Fourth Edition in SI Units.ISBN 13: 978-1-292-15440-4.. c::J Google Slides Thank You CONTACT ENGR RANDEL PANGAN e [email protected] c::J Google Slides  CE 405 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING LESSON 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS PREPARED BY: ENGR. RANDEL LUIS I PANGAN -...... INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME I. Understanding Material Properties: Students will be able to describe the fundamental mechanical properties of construction materials, such as strength , elasticity, ductility, and hardness. 111. Stress-Strain Relationships: Students will be able to analyze and interpret stress-strain curves. identifvina kev ooints such as the orooortional limit. c::J Google Slides SOILS Soils, rocks , and aggregates are natural materials of geologic origin, fondly known as Geomaterials. Soils are used as construction materials in roadwork and embankments and as backfills behind retaining walls and in trenches where pipelines are buried. Soils are different from other engineering materials since they cover large areas and volumes and are often heterogenous, it means that it can vary within few meters laterally and vertically....... SOILS......  SOILS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SPECIFIC GRAVITY : 2.6 - 2.8 ( SOIL GRAINS ) BULK DENSITY : 2600 KG/MA3 - 2800 KG/MA3 SOIL AS: 0.002 0.075 2.36 63 200 BS: 0.002 0.060 2.00 60 200 uses: 0.075 4.75 75 300 Oay Silt Sand Gravel Cobble Boulder 0 Grain size (mm) Fine-grained s ~ l--c:;-arse-grained soil - l- < 7 >. ~ f,r'.!!.1ular soil Granular soil -...... QUALITY TEST FOR SOILS (COMMON) Soil Classification and Compaction (SOL) Samples ASTM D 422 -AASHTO T88 : PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS ASTM D 4318 - AASHTO T89 : Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils ASTM D 4318 - AASHTO T90 : Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils ASTM D 854 - AASHTO T100 : Specific Gravity of Soils...... AGGREGATES Aggregates are used primarily as an underlying material for foundations and pavements as rip-rap for erosion control, and as ingredients in portland cement and asphalt concretes. Aggregate underlying materials, or base courses, can add stability to a structure, provide a drainage layer, and protect the structure from frost damage In portland cement concrete, 60% to 75% of the volume and 79% to 85% of the weight are made up of aggregates. The aggregates act as a filler to reduce the amount of cement paste needed in the mix. In asphalt concrete, aggregates constitute 75% to 85% of the volume and 92% to 96% of the mass....... AGGREGATES... -  QUALITY TEST FOR AGGREGATES AASHTO ASTM TlllE..................... ' C136 SieveAna~sis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates C128 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate C127 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate D2419 Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test < 11 >........ PORTLAND CEMENT Portland cement concrete is the most widely used manufactured construction material in the world. Portland cement is an instant glue Uust add water) that bonds aggregates together to make portland cement concrete. Production of portland cement starts with two basic raw ingredients: a calcareous material and an argillaceous material. The raw materials used to manufacture portland cement are lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide. Since hydration starts at the surface of cement particles, the finer the cement particles, the larger the surface area and the faster the hydration.... QUALITY TEST FOR PORTLAND CEMENT ASTM C 451 : Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method) ASTM C 359 : Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic-Cement (Mortar Method) ASTM C 150 : Standard Specification for Portland Cement ASTM C 109 : Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)... - CONCRETE Civil and construction engineers are directly responsible for the quality control of portland cement concrete and the proportions of the components used in it. The quality of the concrete is governed by the chemical composition of the portland cement, hydration and development of the microstructure, admixtures, and aggregate characteristics. The quality is strongly affected by placement, consolidation , and curing, as well....... QUALITY TEST FOR CONCRETE ASTM C 143 : STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SLUMP OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE AASHTO T 126 : STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY ASTM C 39 : COMPRESSIVE TESTING FOR CONCRETE CYLINDERS... - MASONRY A masonry structure is formed by combining masonry units, such as stone, blocks, or brick, with mortar. Masonry is one of the oldest construction materials. Examples of ancient masonry structures include the pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China, and Greek and Roman ruins. Concrete masonry units can be either solid or hollow, but clay bricks, glass blocks, and stone are typically solid. Concrete masonry units are manufactured using a relatively dry (zero-slump) concrete mixture consisting of portland cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures...... QUALITY TEST FOR MASONRY ASTM C 90 : STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR LOADBEARING CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS ASTM C 150 : STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND CEMENT VIENT - e11 I'"' STEEL Steel and steel alloys are used widely in civil engineering applications. In addition, wrought iron is still used on a smaller scale for pipes, as well as for general blacksmith work. Cast iron is used for pipes, hardware, and machine parts not subjected to tensile or dynamic loading. Properties of steel can be altered by applying a variety of heat treatments....... QUALITY TEST FOR STEEL ASTM A370 : STANDARD TEST METHODS AND DEFINITIONS FOR MECHANICAL TESTING OF STEEL PRODUCTS... - ASPHALT Asphalt binders were used in 3000 b.c., preceding the use of the wheel by 1000 years. Asphalt is used mostly in pavement construction but is also used as sealing and waterproofing agents. The characteristics of the asphalt depend on the chemical composition and the distribution of the molecular weight hydrocarbons. Asphalt concrete is also used in patching and repairing both asphalt and portland cement concrete pavements....... QUALITY TEST FOR ASPHALT ASTM D 946 : STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR PENETRATION-GRADED ASPHALT BINDER FOR USE IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION... - WOOD Wood, because of its availability, relatively low cost, ease of use, and durability (if properly designed), continues to be an important civil engineering material. The wood produced in one growing season constitutes a single growth ring. Each annual ring is composed of earlywood, produced by rapid growth during the spring, and latewood from summer growth. Wood is composed of cellulose, lignin , hemicellulose, extractives, and ash-producing minerals. Cellulose accounts for approximately 50% of the wood substance by weight...... QUALITY TEST FOR WOOD ASTM D 245-06: STANDARD PRACTICE FOR ESTABLISHING STRUCTURAL GRADES AND RELATED ALLOWABLE PROPERTIES FOR VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER. ASTM 0143-21 : STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR SMALL CLEAR SPECIMENS OF TIMBER ASTM O198-21A: STANDARD TEST METHODS OF STATIC TESTS OF LUMBER IN STRUCTURAL SIZES...... REFERENCES Mamlouk,M. Zaniewski,J (2018). Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers.Fourth Edition in SI Units.ISBN 13: 978-1-292-15440-4. Sivakugan,N. Gnanendran, C. Tuladhar R. Kannan, M. (2016). Civil Engineering Materials. ISBN: 978-1-305-38664-8. Realuyo, E. (2019), Materials Engineering, 4th Edition. ISBN: 978-621-8191-01-3.. c::J Google Slides Thank You CONTACT ENGR RANDEL PANGAN e [email protected] c::J Google Slides