Philippine Radiologic Technology Licensure Exam Review PDF

NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT...

NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT DIAGNOSTIC EXAM: CLUSTER 1 Radiologic Physics, Equipment and Maintenance, Radiobiology, Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance Prepared by: Prof. Manuel H. Mosne Jr. RRT, MSRT December 2022 Philippine Radiologic Technology Licensure Examination Review Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________________ Score: ______/100 INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by encircling the letter of your choice. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. 1. All the following are associated with the anode 6. If the primary coil of a high-voltage transformer except is supplied by 220 V and has 400 turns and the a. the line-focus principle secondary coil has 100,000 turns, what is the b. the heel effect voltage induced in the secondary coil? c. the focal track a. 80 kV d. thermionic emission b. 55kV c. 80 V 2. The type of x-ray tube designed to turn on and d. 55 Kv off rapidly, providing multiple short, precise exposures, is 7. Patient dose during fluoroscopy is affected by the a. High speed 1. distance between the patient and the input b. Grid-controlled phosphor c. Diode 2. amount of magnification d. Electrode 3. tissue density a. 1 only 3. The electron cloud within the x-ray tube is the b. 3 only product of a process called c. 2 and 3 only a. Electrolysis d. 1, 2, and 3 b. Thermionic emission c. Rectification 8. The advantages of collimators over aperture d. Induction diaphragms and flare cones include 1. the variety of field sizes available 4. Which of the following will serve to increase the 2. more efficient beam restriction effective energy of the x-ray beam? 3. better cleanup of scattered radiation 1. Increase in added filtration 2. Increase in kilovoltage a. 1 only 3. Increase in milliamperage b. 1 and 2 only a. 1 only c. 1 and 3 only b. 2 only d. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 2 only d. 1, 2, and 3 5. Congruence of the x-ray beam with the light field is tested using a. a pinhole camera b. a star pattern c. radiopaque objects d. a slit camera 1 TOPRANK REVIEW ACADEMY  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 9. Which of the following occurs during 15. The device used to change alternating current to Bremsstrahlung (Brems) radiation production? unidirectional current is a. An electron makes a transition from an a. Capacitor outer to an inner electron shell. b. Solid-state diode b. An electron approaching a positive nuclear c. Transformer charge changes direction and loses energy. d. Generator c. A high-energy photon ejects an outer-shell electron 16. The image-intensifier tube’s input phosphor d. A low-energy photon ejects an inner-shell functions to convert electron. a. kinetic energy to light b. x-rays to light 10. The voltage ripple associated with a three-phase, c. electrons to light six-pulse rectified generator is about d. fluorescent light to electron a. 100% b. 32% 17. Which of the following terms describes the c. 13% amount of electric charge flowing per second? d. 3% a. Voltage b. Current 11. A high-speed electron entering the tungsten c. Resistance target is attracted to the positive nucleus of a d. Capacitance tungsten atom and, in the process, is decelerated. This results in 18. Which part of an induction motor is located a. Characteristic radiation within the x-ray tube glass envelope? b. Bremsstrahlung radiation a. Filament c. Compton b. Focusing Cup d. Photoelectric effect c. Stator d. Rotor 12. Which of the following contribute(s) to inherent filtration? 19. Circuit devices that permit electrons to flow in 1. X-ray tube glass envelope only one direction are 2. X-ray tube port window a. solid-state diodes 3. Aluminum between the tube housing and the b. resistors collimator c. transformers a. 1 only d. autotransformers b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only 20. Anode angle will have an effect on the d. 1, 2 and 3 1. Severity of the heel effect 2. Focal-spot size 13. Conditions that contribute to x-ray tube damage 3. Heat-load capacity include a. 1 only 1. lengthy anode rotation b. 2 only 2. exposures to a cold anode c. 1 and 2 only 3. low-milliampere-seconds/high-kilovoltage d. 1, 2, and 3 exposure factors a. 1 only 21. The filtering effect of the x-ray tube’s glass b. 1 and 2 only envelope and its oil coolant are referred to c. 1 and 3 only collectively as d. 1, 2, and 3 a. Inherent filtration b. Added filtration 14. A device used to ensure reproducible c. Compensating filtration radiographs, regardless of tissue density d. Port filtration variations, is the a. automatic exposure control b. penetrometer c. grid device d. induction  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 22. The total number of x-ray photons produced at 28. Which of the following cell types has the greatest the target is contingent on the radiosensitivity in the adult human? 1. Tube current a. Nerve cells 2. Target material b. Muscle cells 3. Square of the kilovoltage c. Spermatids a. 1 only d. Lymphocytes b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only 29. The interaction between ionizing radiation and d. 1, 2, and 3 the target molecule that is most likely to occur is the 23. The device used to test the accuracy of the x-ray a. Direct effect timer is the b. Indirect effect a. Densitometer c. Target effect b. Sensitometer d. Random effect c. Penetrometer d. Spinning top 30. All of the following device(s) are generally used to help reduce patient dose, except 24. According to the National Council on Radiation 1. Grid Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the 2. Collimator monthly gestational dose-equivalent limit for 3. Gonal Shield embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer is a. 1 only a. 1 mSv b. 1 and 2 only b. 5 mSv c. 2 and 3 only c. 15 mSv d. 1, 2, and 3 d. 50 mSv 31. How will x-ray photon intensity be affected if the 25. A time of 1.5 minutes is required for a particular source-to-image distance (SID) is doubled? fluoroscopic examination, whose exposure rate is a. intensity increases two times. 275 mR/h. What is the approximate radiation b. intensity increases four times. exposure for the radiologic staff present in the c. intensity decreases two times. fluoroscopy room during the examination? d. intensity decreases four times. a. 183 mR b. 68.7 mR 32. What is the established annual occupational c. 18.33 mR dose-equivalent limit for the lens of the eye? d. 6.87 mR a. 10 mSv b. 50 mSv 26. If the exposure rate to an individual standing 4.0 c. 150 mSv m from a source of radiation is 10 mR/h, what d. 250 mSv will be the dose received after 20 minutes at a distance of 6m from the source? 33. Irradiation of water molecules within the body a. 22.5 mR and their resulting breakdown is termed b. 7.5 mR a. Epilation c. 4.44 mR b. Radiolysis d. 1.48 mR c. Proliferation d. Repopulation 27. All the following statements regarding mobile radiographic equipment are true except 34. Which of the following contributes most to a. All the following statements regarding occupational exposure? mobile radiographic equipment are true a. Photoelectric effect except b. Compton Effect b. exposure switches must be the two-stage c. Classical Scattering type d. Thompson Scattering c. a lead apron should be carried with the unit and worn by the radiographer during exposure d. the radiographer must alert individuals in the area before making the exposure  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 35. The x-ray interaction with matter that is 42. Which of the following anomalies is (are) possible responsible for the majority of scattered radiation if an exposure dose of 40 rad (400 mGy) were reaching the image receptor (IR) is delivered to a pregnant uterus in the third week a. Photoelectric effect of pregnancy? b. Compton Effect 1. Skeletal anomaly c. Classical Scattering 2. Organ anomaly d. Thompson Scattering 3. Neurologic anomaly a. 1 only 36. Late radiation-induced somatic effects include b. 2 only 1. Thyroid cancers c. 2 and 3 only 2. Cataractogenesis d. 1, 2, and 3 3. Genetic mutations a. 1 only 43. The effects of radiation on biologic material b. 1 and 2 only depend on several factors. If a quantity of c. 2 and 3 only radiation is delivered to a body over a long d. 1, 2, and 3 period of time, the effect a. will be greater than if it were delivered all 37. According to the NCRP, the annual occupational at one time whole-body dose-equivalent limit is b. will be less than if it were delivered all at a. 1 mSv one time b. 50 mSv c. has no relation to how it is delivered in c. 150 mSv time d. 500 mSv d. depends solely on the radiation quality 38. A thermoluminescent dosimetry system would 44. Which of the following is (are) composed of use which of the following crystals? nondividing, differentiated cells?. a. Silver Halide 1. Neurons and neuroglia b. Sodium thiosulfate 2. Epithelial tissue c. Lithium fluoride 3. Lymphocytes d. Aluminum oxide a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only 39. Sources of secondary radiation include c. 1 and 3 only 1. background radiation d. 1, 2, and 3 only 2. leakage radiation 3. scattered radiation 45. How does filtration affect the primary beam? a. 1 only a. It increases the average energy of the b. 1 and 2 only primary beam c. 2 and 3 only b. It decreases the average energy of the d. 1, 2, and 3 primary beam. c. It makes the primary beam more 40. The photoelectric effect is more likely to occur penetrating. with d. It increases the intensity of the primary 1. absorbers having a high Z number beam. 2. high-energy incident photons 3. positive contrast media 46. What is the minimum lead requirement for lead a. 1 and 2 aprons, according to the NCRP? b. 1 and 3 a. 0.05 mm Pb c. 2 and 3 b. 0.50 mm Pb d. 1, 2, and 3 c. 0.25 mm Pb d. 1.0 mm Pb 41. All the following radiation-exposure responses exhibit a nonlinear threshold dose–response relationship except a. Skin Erythema b. Hematological depression c. Radiation Lethality d. Leukemia  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 47. Immature cells are referred to as 54. Every diagnostic x-ray tube housing must be 1. undifferentiated cells sufficiently shielded to limit the level of expo- sure 1 m 2. stem cells from the housing to: 3. genetic cells a. 10 mR/hr. a. 1 only b. 100 mR/hr. b. 1 and 2 only c. 1000 mWhr. c. 1 and 3 only d. NOTA d. 1, 2, and 3 only 55. The principal radiation interactions within the human 48. What is the term used to describe x-ray photon body are assumed to be _____. interaction with matter and the transference of a. indirect effect part of the photon’s energy to matter? b. direct effect a. Absorption c. DNA damage b. Scattering d. cell destruction c. Attenuation d. Divergence 56. The three cardinal principals of radiation protection involve _____. 49. __________ the distance from radiation to the a. dose, shielding, and exposure exposed person. b. exposure, shielding, and ALARA a. Minimize c. time, distance, shielding b. Maximize d. ALARA, time, distance c. Double d. NOTA 57. As long a radiation worker has adequate shielding in place, there is no need to finish his work in the 50. One tenth-value layer (TVL) is defined as: shortest possible time. a. 1/10 the initial dose a. True b. 10 times the HVL. b. False c. The shielding necessary to reduce the exposure to 1/10 58. The least sensitive time in life to radiation exposure d. 1/10 the initial shielding. is which of the following? a. Adulthood 51. Two OH* free radicals can join to form _____ b. Childhood molecules. c. Old age a. hydroperoxyl d. There is no least sensitive time b. organic free radical c. hydrogen peroxide 59. Health physics is concerned with minimizing d. DNA radiation dose to _____. a. Radiation worker 52. You are a 17year-oId radiologic technology student. b. Radiation physicist How much occupational exposure are you allowed? c. Patients a. 1000 mrem d. All of the above b. 100 Gy c. 1 mSv 60. Which of the following factors has no influence on d. 100 mGy response to radiation exposure? a. Age 53. The DL for the hands of a radiologic technologist is: b. Dose protraction a. 30 mSv/yr. c. Occupation b. 300 mSv/yr. d. Sex c. 500 mSv/yr. d. 750 mSv/yr 61. The minimum permissible filtration for general purpose radiographic or fluoroscopic tubes is: a. 0.05 mm Al. b. 0.1 mm Al. c. 0.25 mm Al. d. 2.5 mm Al.  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 62. The Relative Biologic Effectiveness 71. The following are needed for x-ray production, a. Describes tissue radiosensitivity. EXCEPT: b. Increases as x-ray energy increases. 1. Acceleration of electrons c. Is a descriptor of type of radiation. 2. Source of electrons d. Is equal to 3 keVIpm for alpha particles 3. Sudden stoppage of electrons A. 1 and 2 only 63. What is the negligible individual dose? B. 2 and 3 only a. 0.1 mrem C. 1 and 3 only b. 1 mSv D. NOTA c. 0.01 mSv d. 1 Gy 72. The x-ray beam is: 64. Younger cells are more radioresistant A. Heterogenous – all rays possess the same a. True energy b. False B. Homogenous – all rays possess the same energy 65. Time is directly proportional to the patient dose. C. Monoenergetic – all energies correspond to a. True the kVp b. False D. Heteregenous or polyenergetic – consisting of many different energies/wavelengths 66. A free radical is non-reactive a. True b. False 73. The x-ray emission spectrum consists of: 67. All fluoroscopes have a 5-minute reset timer: A. Brems and characteristic x-rays a. Because no patient shall ever receive more B. Discrete spectrum (produced by brems rays) than 5 minutes of x-ray beam-on time. and continuous spectrum (produced by characteristic b. To allow image receptor change. rays) c. To permit a tube cool-down period. C. Discrete spectrum (produced by characteristic d. To protect the patient rays) and continuous spectrum (produced by brems rays) 68. The number of protons of an atom determines the: D. X-rays and electrons, both part of the 1. Atomic number electromagnetic spectrum 2. Atomic mass 3. Chemical element A. 1 and 2 only 74. X-rays are produced as incident electrons interact B. 2 and 3 only with the target atoms by a process called: C. 1 and 3 only A. Classical scattering D. AOTA B. Photoelectric effect C. Bremsstrahlung 69. The type of x-ray beam that emerges from the D. Compton effect target of the x-ray tube is/are: 1. Characteristic x-rays 2. Leakage x-rays 3. Scatter x-rays 75. If SID is doubled, what may be said about 4. Bremsstrahlung radiographic density? A. 2 and 3 only A. Density doubles B. 1 and 4 only B. Density reduced by one-half C. 1, 2 and 4 only C. Density increased by four times D. AOTA D. Density is reduced by one-fourth 70. Which of the following involves interaction of outer- shell electron? 76. 130 Ba and 138Ba are examples of: A. Photoelectric interaction A. Isotopes B. Compton interaction B. Isobar C. Pair production C. Isotone D. Coherent scatter D. Isomer  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 77. Aluminum filtration has its greatest effect on: 82. Which of the following occurs during Bremsstrahlung A. Long-wavelength x-ray photons (Bremss) radiation? B. High-energy x-ray photons A. An electron makes a transition from outer to C. Low-energy scattered photons an inner electron shell D. High-frequency x-ray photons B. An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy C. A high-energy photon ejects an outer-shell 78. Which of the following result/s from restriction of the electron x-ray beam? D. A low-energy photon ejects an inner-shell 1. Less scattered radiation production electron 2. Less patient hazard 3. Less radiographic contrast A. 1 and 2 only 83. A high-speed electron entering the tungsten target is B. 2 and 3 only attracted to the positive nucleus of a tungsten atom and, C. 1 and 3 only in the process, is decelerated. This results in: D. AOTA A. Characteristic radiation B. Bremsstrahlung radiation C. Anode heat 79. Electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom D. Auger electron are known as: A. Orbital B. Photoelectron 84. This element is incorporated to the anode stem to C. Valence reduce its thermal conductivity: D. Auger A. Tungsten B. Rhenium C. Graphite 80. This element is added to the tungsten filament to D. Molybdenum enhance the efficiency of thermionic emission and prolongs tube life: A. Thorium 85. The device used to change unidirectional current to B. Molybdenum alternating current is: C. Rhenium A. Rectifier D. Graphite B. Inverter circuit C. Diode D. Resistor 81. Compton effect is more likely to occur at: 86. The four properties of photons are 1. Tightly bound electrons ______,_______,_______ and _________ 2. Loosely bound electrons a. Size, shape, spin, mass 3. Outer-shell electron b. Frequency, mass, amplitude, wavelength 4. Inner-shell electron c. Frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude A. 1, 2 and 3 only d. Refraction, velocity, spin, amplitude B. 1 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only 87. The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic D. AOTA radiation is a(n) ________________ a. Photon b. Electron c. Neutrino d. Quark  NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD* PROMETRIC* UK-CBT 88. What is the velocity of a radiowaves in the 95. The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that: atmosphere? a. Mature cells are more sensitive than a. 8 x 103 m/s stem cells. b. 2 x 108 m/s c. 3 x 108 m/s b. Metabolic activity results in d. 4 x 103 m/s radioprotection. c. Radio sensitivity increases with 89. The rate of rise and fall of a sine wave is called its increasing hypoxia. _______________ a. Amplitude d. Radio sensitivity increases with b. Frequency proliferation rate c. Wavelength d. Velocity 96. When the fluoroscopic x-ray tube is mounted 90. A hertz is equal to _______________ cycle per farther under the table, what is reduced? second. a. Beam alignment a. 103 b. Filtration b. 102 c. Image receptor speed c. 10 d. Patient dose d. 1 97. If all other factors remain constant, radiation 91. As time of exposure increases radiation dose dose is related to x-ray beam-on time: _______. a. By the inverse square. a. Decreases b. Directly. b. Increases c. Inversely c. Increases by two d. Exponentially d. NOTA 92. During mammography, at tube potentials less than 98. __________ the distance from radiation to the 30 kVp, the minimum acceptable total equivalent exposed person. filtration is: a. Minimize a. 0.05 mm Al. b. Maximize b. 0.1 mm Al. c. Double c. 0.25 mm Al. d. NOTA d. 0.5 mm Al 99. Radiation interacts randomly a. True 93. Every diagnostic x-ray tube housing must be b. False sufficiently shielded to limit the level of expo- sure 1 m from the housing to: 100 Exposure (mAs) is measured by multiplying a. 10 mR/hr. _____ by _____. b. 100 mR/hr. a. shielding thickness, exposure time c. 1000 mWhr. b. exposure rate, exposure time D. NOTA c. exposure rate, shielding thickness d. exposure time, distance 94. The principal radiation interactions within the human body are assumed to be _____. a. indirect effect b. direct effect c. DNA damage d. cell destruction