Classification of Diseases PDF

Classification of Diseases DR. MANORI AMARAJEEWA BAMS (HONS),M.SC., MS (AY.) –SHALYA DEPARTMENT OF SHALYA SHALAKYA & PRASUTI THANTRA KAUMARABRITYA FACULTY OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO Samadōṣaḥ samāgniśca samadhātumalakriyaḥ | prasannātmēndriyamanāḥ svastha ityabhidhīyatē ||...

Classification of Diseases DR. MANORI AMARAJEEWA BAMS (HONS),M.SC., MS (AY.) –SHALYA DEPARTMENT OF SHALYA SHALAKYA & PRASUTI THANTRA KAUMARABRITYA FACULTY OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO Samadōṣaḥ samāgniśca samadhātumalakriyaḥ | prasannātmēndriyamanāḥ svastha ityabhidhīyatē || (Su/Su/15/41) - SUSRUTA DEFINITION OF “SVASTHYA” - What are the elements of health according to this definition? Learning Outcomes of the Unit At the end of the Lecture you should be able to; ▪Understand the broad classifications of diseases according to Ayurveda ▪Understand the details of Seven fold disease classification ▪Identify the tridosha and dhatu involvement of diseases ▪Recognize the importance of knowing the origin of various diseases in order to do a better treatment What are the types of diseases you know? Discuss with the next student ACTIVITY 01 Definition of Diseases tadduḥkhasaṁyōgā vyādhaya ucyantē ||Su/Su/1/23|| Association of suffering in the human being is known as disease. Two-fold Classification of Diseases As per the abode (adhishtana) [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 6/3] 1) Somatic (sharirika) 2) Psychological (manasika) As per the origin of pathogenesis [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 6/3] 1) Originating from the upper gastrointestinal tract(amashaya samutha) 2) Originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract (pakwashaya samutha) As per the prognosis [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 6/3] 1) Curable (sadhya) 2) Incurable (Asadhya) Three-fold classifications of Diseases As per the nature of cause: 1) Endogenous disease (nija vyadhi): Diseases produced by the intrinsic factors like vitiation of dosha 2) Exogenous diseases (agantu vyadhi): Diseases due to external factors like trauma, infections, poisoning etc. 3) Mental disorders (manasa vyadhi) As per the site of origin or pathways of disease: 1) Shakhagata (bahya roga marga): Those occur in tissues like rakta dhatu, mamsa dhatu , meda dhatu, asthi dhatu, majja dhatu, shukra dhatu and skin (twak) 2) Koshthagata (abhyatara roga marga): Those originate from the gastrointestinal tract and related organs. 3) Marma-asthi-sandhigata (madhyama rogamarga): Those produced in vital organs, bones, and joints. Four-fold Classification of Diseases tē caturvidhāḥ- āgantavaḥ, śārīrāḥ, mānasāḥ, svābhāvikāścēti ||Su/Su/1/24|| ▪ Āgantuka – Traumatic diseases ▪ Śārīra – Somatic diseases ▪ Mānasa – Psychological diseases ▪ Svābhāvika – Natural diseases References for further reading Dedicated chapter for the classification of Diseases Susruta Samhita/ Sutra Sthana/ 24 th Chapter Vyādhi samuddēśīyam adhyāyaṁ Two fold classification by Susruta As per the treatment intervention diseases are of two types 1) Curable by surgical interventions (śastrasādhya) 2) Curable by medicines and purification procedures (snēhādi kriya sādhya) ❖Medicines and other procedures are not contraindicated in Surgical diseases but the other way is not recommended. Three fold classification by Susruta Human suffering is of three types; 1. Psychosomatic diseases (ādhyātmikam) 2. Traumatic diseases (ādhibhautikam) 3. Natural diseases (ādhidaivikam) Seven Fold of Classification of Diseases by Susruta 1. Hereditary diseases (ādibalapravr̥tta) 2. Congenital diseases (janmabalapravr̥tta) Ādhyātmika Roga 3. Humoral diseases (dōṣabalapravr̥tta) 4. Traumatic Diseases (saṅghātabalapravr̥tta) Ādhibhautika Roga 5. Seasonal Diseases (kālabalapravr̥tta) 6. Diseases of super-natural origin (daivabalapravr̥tta) Ādhidaivika Roga 7. Physiological Diseases (svabhāvabalapravr̥tta) Hereditary diseases (Ādibalapravr̥tta Roga) ādibalapravr̥ttā yē śukraśōṇitadōṣānvayāḥ kuṣṭhārśaḥprabhr̥tayaḥ; tē'pi dvividhāḥ- mātr̥jāḥ, pitr̥jāśca | Can be of maternal or paternal origin Due to defects of sperm and ovum Ex: Skin diseases, Haemorroids Congenital diseases (Janmabalapravr̥tta Roga) janmabalapravr̥ttā yē māturapacārāt paṅgujātyandhabadhiramūkaminminavāmanaprabhr̥tayō jāy antē; tē'pi dvividhāḥ rasakr̥tāḥ, dauhr̥dāpacārakr̥tāśca | Due to improper anti-natal care Two types; 1. Rasakr̥ta (Due to careless dietary habits) 2. Dauhr̥dāpacārakr̥ta (Due to non-fulfilment of mother’s cravings) Humoral diseases (Dōṣabalapravr̥tta Roga) Caused by vitiation of Doshas Mainly due to improper diet and daily regimens Two types; 1. Āmāśayasamuttha – Originated from the stomach 2. Pakvāśayasamuttha – Originated from the latter part of the gut Two types again; 1. Śārīrā - Somatic 2. Mānasā – Psychic Humoral diseases (Dōṣabalapravr̥tta Roga) Cont… Vitiation of Tridosas is the root cause of all diseases Vitiation of Dathu and Mala should be considered well to understand the site of disease and involved Dhatu in order to treat better. kupitānāṁ hi dōṣāṇāṁ śarīrē paridhāvatām | yatra saṅgaḥ khavaiguṇyādvyādhistatrōpajāyatē ||Su/Su/24/10|| Disease is produced only when aggravated dosha circulating in the body get obstructed at a place where there is an abnormality in the srotas (channels of bodily tissues). Traumatic Diseases (Saṅghātabalapravr̥tta Roga) Caused by external injury 1. śastrakr̥tā – caused by Sharp instruments 2. vyālakr̥tāśca –caused by animals Seasonal Diseases (Kālabalapravr̥tta Roga) kālabalapravr̥ttā yē śītōṣṇa vāta varṣātapa prabhr̥tinimittāḥ Diseases caused by cold, heat, draughts, wind, rain, sun etc. Two types; 1. Vyāpanna rtukr̥ta – Due to abnormal seasonal changes 2. Avyāpannartukr̥ta – Due to seasonal variation that happens naturally Diseases of super-natural origin (Daivabalapravr̥tta Roga) Diseases occur due to infections, malice of gods, curses of sages, by performing harmful spiritual rites etc. Two types; 1. vidyudaśanikr̥ta – caused by lightning and thunder 2. piśācādikr̥ta – caused by evil spirits Again two types; 1. Saṁsargaja – Infectious 2. Ākasmika - Idiopathic Physiological Diseases (Svabhāvabalapravr̥tta Roga) Hunger, Thirst, ageing, death, sleepiness etc. Two types; 1. Kālajā – even after proper personal care occurs as a natural phenomenon 2. Akālajā – Prematurely happens the physiological ageing and changes Summary ▪Various classifications of diseases are present ▪From them seven-fold classification said by Susruta seems to be more inclusive ▪These seven categories can be concised in to three-fold classification to get a broader picture ▪Disease can never originate without dosha-dhatu-mala association and always dosha predominates ▪Production of disease is always precipitated by various factors which leads to create an imbalance in body or mind. Satatādhyayanaṁ vādaḥ paratantrāvalōkanam | tadvidyācāryasēvā ca buddhimēdhākarō gaṇaḥ (Su/Ci/28/27) satatādhyayanaṁ - constant studies vādaḥ - discussions Paratantrāvalōkanam – studying allied sciences tadvidyācāryasēvā – Taking knowledge and skills from specialists in the relevant fields will make the student/doctor intelligent. THANK YOU