Emergency Vehicle Operator Class "B" Module 5 Apparatus Positioning & Roadway Safety PDF

EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPERATOR CLASS “B” Module 5 Apparatus Positioning & Roadway Safety Revised 2/19/21 MLICK C TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE OTIVATION MCFRS responds to over 100,000 incidents annually Nearly every i...

EMERGENCY VEHICLE OPERATOR CLASS “B” Module 5 Apparatus Positioning & Roadway Safety Revised 2/19/21 MLICK C TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE OTIVATION MCFRS responds to over 100,000 incidents annually Nearly every incident requires operators to position for: oOperational efficiency oCrew safety Operational efficiency oEMS equipment oHoseline deployment oGround and aerial ladder deployment oMaster stream reach Crew safety oBetween 2000 and 2013, 61 firefighters have been killed when struck by vehicles oNearly half of the deaths were on non-fire incidents rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  MLICK C COUNTY TO EDIT MASTER ONTGOMERY EXPERIENCE TITLE STYLE January 6, 2016 @ 1615hrs – AT719 February 15, 2015 @ 0015hrs – A711 struck while on the shoulder struck while blocking rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 MLICK C COUNTY TO EDIT MASTER ONTGOMERY EXPERIENCE TITLE STYLE “…we stopped and were hit within 30 seconds.” rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 FLICK C EDERAL &MSASTER TO EDIT STANDARDS TATETITLE STYLE Definition of a “Traffic Incident” A traffic incident is defined as any non-recurrent event, (vehicle crash, vehicle breakdown, special event) that causes a reduction of roadway capacity or an abnormal increase in traffic demand or congestion. Maryland Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices – Section 6I rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 WLICK C ORK TOZ ONE EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Every incident requires establishing a work zone to some degree Focus is traditionally on vehicle crashes or on highways Upon approach to a scene the apparatus operator must assess how best to protect their crew and the scene from oncoming traffic Any time apparatus will impede or effect open traffic lanes some form of work zone must be established rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  RLICK C OADWAY TMERMS TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE Left Right Lane Identification Shoulder Shoulder oNumber left to right Lane Lane Lane 2 3 1 rev. 2/2/21 EVOC - Class B Module 5 RLICK C OADWAY TMERMS TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE “Local” lanes oFormerly known as Local Lanes CD (Collector distributor) 1 1 2 “Main” lanes 3 2 4 oThrough lanes on Route 270 Main Lanes rev. 2/2/21 EVOC - Class B Module 5  TLICK C BELTWAY HE TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Inner loop vs. Outer loop oInner: Clockwise around DC oOuter: Counterclockwise around DC River Road to Georgia Avenue is very hazardous due to road design Exits 41 (Carderock) through 28 (NH Ave.) are within MoCo rev. 2/2/21 EVOC - Class B Module 5  RLICK C OADWAY TMERMS TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE ‘Upstream’ or ‘downstream’ Downstream refers to the direction Upstream of normal vehicle travel relative to the scene. Incident Scene rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 WLICK C ORK TOZ ONE EDIT TERMS MASTER TITLE STYLE Advance Transition Buffer Work Warning Zone Zone Area “Shadow” rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 CLICK C TO EDIT MASTER ONTROLLING THE EXPOSURE TITLE STYLE Time oClear the scene efficiently oReduce the assignment Distance oUse a space buffer between you and traffic oProvide advanced notice downstream Shielding oBlocking apparatus oTraffic control devices rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  TRAFFIC C ONTROL D EVICES CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE CONES, FLARES, SIGNS Use flares to MUTCD provides illuminate standards for cones at night cones – size and or bad weather reflectivity 28” rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 E XPOSURE T IME CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE “QUICK CLEARANCE” DOT and PD want the road open Citizens want the road open Operational goals should include: oMinimize time on scene oOpen lanes to return traffic to normal oReduce the potential for secondary crashes downstream rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 BUFFER SPACE CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE LANE + 1 If moving traffic occupies this lane, is there an adequate “buffer”? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 P CLICK RIORITIES THE F MASTER TO EDITOF ARRIVING UNIT IRSTSTYLE TITLE Block Prioritize the moving traffic hazards Set out traffic control devices Protect the loading area for the ambulance and work area for crews rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 BLICK C TO EDITA LOCKING MPPARATUS ASTER TITLE STYLE “Blocking ” is the action of positioning an apparatus or vehicle at an angle to halt or divert the flow of moving traffic in one or more lanes. Blocking apparatus may be a unit with other duties or solely dispatched for traffic control rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 BLICK C TO EDITA LOCKING MPPARATUS ASTER TITLE STYLE Blocking apparatus should not be occupied Avoid blocking partial lanes Beware that gaps behind or in front of the apparatus allow cars to enter your work area rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  BLICK C TO EDITA LOCKING MPPARATUS ASTER TITLE STYLE This Engine blocks the left and center lanes. This “block to the right” directs all upstream traffic into the right lane. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  BLICK C TO EDITA LOCKING MPPARATUS ASTER TITLE STYLE A “Shadow ” is the area immediately downstream of any apparatus or vehicle that blocks moving traffic Work within this “shadow” area for greatest degree of safety and protection from moving traffic. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 TLICK C TO EDIT MT EMPORARY TITLECSTYLE RAFFIC ASTER ONTROL ZONE TTC zone is created by the blocking apparatus All response activities must occur within this protected zone rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 PLICK C ROTECT THE TO EDIT AMBULANCES MASTER TITLE STYLE The patient “loading area” at the rear of the ambulance must be within the Ambulances may be parked at an angle that puts the loading protected area area deep in the shadow rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ALICK C DVANCE WMARNING TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE Beware of short sight distances Curves, hills, access ramps, vegetation Position apparatus, traffic control devices, and/or warning signs ahead of the scene rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ALICK C DVANCE WMARNING TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE Familiarize yourself with known dangerous locations oI-495 b/n River Road and Wisconsin Ave oAny other examples? May require placing apparatus further from the scene than normal rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  ALICK C DVANCE WMARNING TO EDIT ASTER TITLE STYLE On extended incidents, advance warning signage may be set up Federal standards provide guidance on the signage oFluorescent pink reflective 36”x36” oMinimum of 36” x 36” rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 CLICK C ONE TOSEDIT GUIDELINES MASTER PACING TITLE STYLE In general, cone spacing depends on the posted speed and the function of the cone within the work zone Rules of thumb for cone spacing o45mph – 40’ You may have to prioritize/triage cone placement due to the limited quantity of cones on the apparatus oThe apparatus may mark the transition and the cones parallel to the work area rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  YLICK C OU ATORE AM EDIT SOFT ASTERTTITLE ARGETSTYLE ✓ Drunk, Traffic vests and ✓ Drugged, turnout gear do not ✓ Drowsy, stop the “D” Drivers… Here lies the subject of a ✓ Distracted Cones and flares do NIOSH ✓ Dumb not stop the “D” report ✓ Disoriented Drivers… rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  SLICK C UBJECT TO EDIT ASTERRTITLE OFMTHE EPORTSTYLE 2007 - One firefighter was struck by a vehicle and killed. He was at the scene of a vehicle fire shortly after 4:00 am, loading hose back onto fire apparatus in the right-hand lane on an interstate highway when he was struck by a bus traveling approximately 65 mph. The driver of the bus had not noticed the emergency lights of fire apparatus parked on the shoulder and in the right-hand travel lane or traffic cones set up near the fire scene, and was traveling in the right-hand lane. When he belatedly tried to change lanes, he sideswiped the first apparatus and struck the firefighter. The fire department had declined traffic control on the highway during their operations at the vehicle fire because there was no traffic on the road. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  SLICK C UBJECT TO EDIT ASTERRTITLE OFMTHE EPORTSTYLE 2010 - A firefighter who was directing traffic at the scene of a motor vehicle crash was struck by a vehicle whose driver drove over traffic cones that had been set out to close the road. A flare had been placed near the cones. The victim was wearing coveralls with some reflective material and a high-visibility hat, and was using a flashlight with a traffic wand. However, he had his back to oncoming traffic and had positioned his vehicle, with emergency lights operating, beyond the point where the road was closed. Factors in the death included no advance warning to drivers, inconspicuousness of the victim and careless driving. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 SLICK C UBJECT TO EDIT ASTERRTITLE OFMTHE EPORTSTYLE 2011 - A firefighter directing traffic at a motor vehicle crash on a highway was struck while trying to keep the left-hand lane closed to traffic. A driver came over the hill, tried to maneuver around slowed traffic and struck the victim, who was wearing personal protective equipment and a reflective vest. Speed and alcohol were not factors in the incident. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 SLICK C UBJECT TO EDIT ASTERRTITLE OFMTHE EPORTSTYLE 2012 – The firefighter was killed at the scene of a motor vehicle crash when another driver deliberately struck him and two other emergency responders. The victim was wearing a high visibility vest, was standing close to traffic and was not protected by the positioning of the emergency apparatus. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 SLICK C UBJECT TO EDIT ASTERRTITLE OFMTHE EPORTSTYLE 2006 - The victim was spray painting markings on a highway to indicate the location of hydrants. He stopped his brush truck in the passing lane of the roadway, leaving the hazard lights operating, and worked in front of the truck. A vehicle approaching at close to the speed limit in the same lane rear-ended the truck, which crushed the firefighter. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 BLICK C TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE AD WEATHER Anything that impacts visibility or traction increases the need for traffic control. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 GLICK C OOD TOW MASTER TITLE STYLE EATHER EDIT Sun glare impacts visibility in good weather!! rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 KLICK C NOW TOYOUR EDIT ROLETITLE STYLE MASTER What was your dispatched arrival order? What is your actual arrival order? Has any other unit taken up a blocking position? oIs traffic approaching from more than one direction? What is the primary assignment? oWill you be accessing your compartments or hose loads? oCan your unit be abandoned and left as a road block? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 BLICK C TO EDITU LOCKING MNIT ASTER TITLE STYLE Typical engine company cannot adequately block on a multi-lane highway rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  BLICK C TO EDITU LOCKING MNIT ASTER TITLE STYLE Use a second heavy apparatus to block. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 SLICK C BASTER TO EDIT M TAGGERED LOCKING TITLE STYLE rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 GLICK C AP A EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE NALYSIS TO Where can another vehicle come through to the scene? Is this a good blocking position? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  JUMPING C THE LICK TO EDIT BARRIER MASTER TITLE STYLE Southbound ambulance crew stops and jumps the median for a patient on the Should NOT be northbound shoulder…. permitted!! rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  MLICK C EDIAN CROSSINGS TO EDIT & STYLE MASTER TITLE TURNAROUNDS Policy forbids turning around at median crossings or breaks in the center barrier when traffic is uncontrolled rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  M EDIAN C ROSSINGS CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE PGFD EXPERIENCE E828 used a break in the median Returning to quarters I-495 near Route 50 Struck from behind by a tractor- trailer 4 FF injured; one severely rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  SLICK C CENETO L MASTER TITLE STYLE IGHTING EDIT Pro’s oMakes the scene and personnel visible oIdentifies the work area oAugments apparatus warning lights Con’s oBlinding to oncoming motorists oMakes the scene visible rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 RLICK C OADWAY SM TO EDIT URVIVAL ASTER TITLE STYLE Apparatus position does not eliminate the need for personal situational awareness Personnel are exposed when: oGetting out of the unit oWalking around the unit oRetrieving equipment from the unit oGetting into the unit oSpotting for the unit Don’t forget the civilians! rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 RLICK C OADWAY SM TO EDIT URVIVAL ASTER TITLE STYLE Give consideration for protecting the most people most of the time oWhich side(s) of the apparatus contain the equipment you will need? oWill the pump operator need to be protected at the panel? Most fire apparatus crew areas allow members to exit out either side of the unit The driver should check side mirrors just before people dismount – look for incoming vehicles rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 RLICK C OADWAY SM TO EDIT URVIVAL ASTER TITLE STYLE Stop, look, and listen…..before you walk around the corner of an apparatus Try to position yourself to face oncoming traffic when getting equipment from the apparatus Always avoid placing yourself between oncoming traffic and your apparatus – the rock and the hard place Consider angling the apparatus every time you park on a roadway, even at the curb rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE EXITING THE CAB Maintain a “Low Profile” Do NOT open door fully Do NOT walk around end of open door Drivers and Officers cannot choose the side they exit rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE EXITING THE PATIENT COMPARTMENT Maintain “Low Profile” Do NOT open door fully Do NOT walk around end of an open door Minimize your time in the doorway rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE EMS UNIT LOADING Protect the rear of EMS Transport Units. If the rear loading area is not within the shadow of another unit, consider positioning at an angle or in a protected area. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE PERSONAL VISIBILITY MCFRS Policy 26-07AM – Use of Traffic Vests oincident scenes on arterials/highways/streets oAll personnel on scene must wear a: ▪ traffic safety vest ;or ▪ structural firefighting coat ;or ▪ sector/command vest Flashlights oAttention grabber oBe cautious not to blind drivers rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE PERSONAL VISIBILITY Do you see all of the Open sided vests offer limited responders? protection on roadways rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ROADWAY S URVIVAL CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE PERSONAL VISIBILITY Who can you see? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 A PPARATUS P OSITIONING CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE MARYLAND CODE - § 21-405 (e) Unless otherwise directed by a police officer or a traffic control device, when an emergency vehicle using any visual signal is stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, the driver of a motor vehicle approaching the emergency vehicle from the rear shall: (1) make a lane change into an available lane not immediately adjacent to the emergency vehicle; or (2) slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5 ALICK C UTOTOFEDIT IRE MVASTER IDEOTITLE STYLE Limited access roadway 55mph speed limit Foggy and misty weather Christmas night 2 engines, 1 EMS unit What are the risks? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  FLICK C IRSTTOAEDIT ? TITLE STYLE MASTER RRIVING You arrive first on a crash on the interstate. Where do you park and why? What are your priorities? rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5  MLICK C COUNTY TO EDIT MASTER ONTGOMERY EXPERIENCE TITLE STYLE E707 arrives on scene of a PIC with MoCo Sheriff already on scene oOuter loop prior to 355 Near-hit occurs with vehicle swerving to avoid E707 E4 dismounts to check the status of the PIC; other personnel remain on E707 Within 3 minutes of arrival E707 is struck by another vehicle E707 effectively shielded the crew February 1, 2021 – E707 struck from harm shortly after arrival rev. 2/2/21 EVOC - Class B Module 5 MLICK C COUNTY TO EDIT MASTER ONTGOMERY EXPERIENCE TITLE STYLE Body camera footage from MC Sheriff Deputy E707’s E4 conversing with the Deputy rev. 2/19/21 EVOC - Class B Module 5 SLICK C TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE UMMARY Position yourself and your apparatus for maximum visibility and protection. Do not rely upon traffic cones or flares to stop a vehicle. Treat the roadway like an IDLH atmosphere. Every time you are in the road – not just on calls. rev. 6/4/18 EVOC - Class B Module 5