Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Microorganisms Friend and Foe PDF

 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe DPP-02 Topic: Effects of Microorganisms on Humans: Useful and Harmful Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1. If you are asked to find nitrogen fixing bacteria, where...

 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe DPP-02 Topic: Effects of Microorganisms on Humans: Useful and Harmful Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1. If you are asked to find nitrogen fixing bacteria, where would you look for them? Q2. Who discovered antibiotics? Q3. What are pathogens? Q4. Name the bacteria responsible for making curd out of milk. Q5. Name a microorganism that can fix free atmospheric nitrogen. Q6. What is food preservation? Q7. Give one example each of: (a) An edible fungus (b) An antibiotic obtained from fungi (c) A parasitic protozoan Q8. Fill in the blanks. (a) Cholera is caused by ___________ (b) Virus does not possess a ___________organisation. (c) The bread or dough rises due to the growth of ___________ (d) Carrier of malaria causing protozoan is ___________ Short Answer Type Questions Q9. What is fermentation? How is this technique useful? Q10. How can we control the spread of malaria and dengue Q11. Mention two diseases caused by each of the following microbes in humans. (a) Bacteria (b) Protozoa (c) Virus Q12. List the precautions to be taken while taking antibiotics. Q13. How does a vaccine work? Q14. What are communicable diseases? Name two diseases each, spread through contaminated air and water. Long Answer Type Questions Q15. How do bacteria help in increasing soil fertility?  Answers 1. In the root nodules of leguminous plants 2. Alexander Fleming 3. Disease causing microbes are called pathogens. 4. Lactobacillus 5. Rhizobium, Nostoc,Anabaena etc 6. Techniques/ methods by which food can be kept for longer periods of time without spoilage. 7. (a) Mushroom (b) Penicillin (c) Plasmodium 8. (a) bacteria (b) cellular (c) yeast cells (d) female Anopheles mosquito 9. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol. It is used in bakery industry, production of wine and alcohol. 10. Some of the preventive measures are: Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by not allowing water to stagnate. Use mosquito nets, mosquito repellent creams. Water should not be allowed to collect anywhere like in coolers, tyres, flower pots etc. 11. (a) Bacteria -cholera, typhoid. (b) Protozoa - malaria, dysentery. (c) Virus - chicken pox, AIDS, influenza. 12. Antibiotics should be only taken as and when prescribed by the doctor and in right dose. The course should be completed. They should not be taken indiscriminately as they may kill the beneficial bacteria present in our body. 13. When a vaccine is introduced in the body, it activates our immune system to produce a specific class of proteins called antibodies that attacks the disease-causing microbe (antigen) and eliminates it. Antibodies persist in the body for a long period of time and provide immunity against the specific microbe. 14. Diseases which caused by microorganisms and transmitted from an infected to a healthy person, are called communicable diseases or infectious diseases. Airborne infections - tuberculosis, pneumonia Waterborne infections - cholera, typhoid, gastroenteritis 15. Some bacteria and blue green algae found in the soil fix free atmospheric nitrogen and converts it into a usable form for plants, thus increasing a soil fertility. They are called the biological nitrogen fixers. Bacteria and fungi also acts on dead and decaying organic matter, convert them into simpler form that mixes with the soil that can be reused by the plants for nutrition.  Microorganisms: Friend and Foe DPP-03 Topic: Food Preservations and Its Methods Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1. List any one advantage of food preservation. Q2. How does refrigeration prevent microbial growth? Q3. Name any one technique of preserving milk. Q4. How does adding sugar to a food sample preserves it? Q5. Can salt and sugar be termed as preservatives? Short Answer Type Questions Q6. Briefly explain pasteurisation as a means of preserving milk. Q7. What are chemical preservatives? Give examples. Q8. What is food preservation? Explain any two methods of food preservation.  Answers 1. Food preservation helps in the following ways: (a) reduces wastage of food (b) increases the storage period (c) enables food to be transported to distant places without being spoiled. (d) helps to store food for use in seasons when it is not available (Any one) 2. Refrigeration retards the growth and multiplication of microbes due to low temperature. 3. Pasteurisation 4. Sugar removes water from the cells and hence prevents microbial growth. 5. Yes 6. Pasteurisation is the technique of preserving milk by heating it to 70∘ C for about 15 seconds and then suddenly chilling it. This prevents the growth of microbes. 7. Chemicals added to food the items to protect them from spoilage. Sodium benzoate, sodium meta-bisulphite etc. 8. Processing of food to prevent its spoilage and to retain its nutritive value for longer periods is called food preservation. Food can be preserved by (a) Salting: Fruits and vegetables can be preserved by using salt and then drying in Sun. Salting and drying prevents the growth of microbes. (b) Adding sugar: Fruits are preserved in the form of jams and jellies by adding sugar. Sugar removes water from the cells and hence prevents microbial growth. (c) Pickling: Raw mangoes, lemons, gooseberries and vegetables like cauliflower are preserved in vinegar or brine to give a sharp, spicy flavour. (d) Refrigeration: Freezing retards the growth and multiplication of microbes but does not kill them. Frozen food after being removed from the refrigerator, should not be left in the open for a long time as microbes will start multiplying again.  Microorganisms: Friend and Foe DPP-04 Topic: Nitrogen Cycle Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1. What percentage of atmospheric gases consists of nitrogen? Q2. Name a nitrogen fixing bacteria and its location. Short Answer Type Question Q3. Name any two biomolecules that contain nitrogen. Q4. How does atmospheric nitrogen fixation take place? Q5. List the three ways of nitrogen fixation. Q6. Draw a schematic representation of nitrogen cycle in nature.  Answers 1. 78% 2. Nitrogen fixing bacteria like Rhizobium are present in the root nodules of leguminous plants. 3. Proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, vitamins. (Any two) 4. Nitrogen and oxygen combine in the atmosphere during lightning to form nitrogen oxides that reacts with rain water and came down in the form of dilute nitric acid. The nitric acid reacts with minerals in the soil to form nitrates. 5. Biological, industrial and atmospheric fixation. 6. Diagram  Microorganisms: Friend and Foe DPP-01 Topic: Microorganisms and Their Types Very Short Answer Type Questions Q1. What are microorganisms? Q2. Name any two groups of microorganisms. Q3. We can see microorganisms with the help of a Q4. List any two habitats where bacteria are found. Q5. Why are algae capable of photosynthesis? Q6. Name the category of microbe that lives as parasite in the human body. Q7. Name a unicellular and a multicellular fungus. Short Answer Type Questions Q8. Name the major groups of microorganisms. Q9. List the conditions required for the growth of microbes. Q10. Why are viruses considered to be on the border between living and non-living?  ANSWERS 1.The organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eyes. 2. Bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa. Viruses are different groups of microorganisms. (Any Two). 3. Microscope 4. Air, water, soil etc. 5. They have chlorophyll. 6. Protozoa 7. Yeast and bread mould 8. Bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. 9. They generally need oxygen, water, moderate temperature, no direct light and suitable food supply. 10.Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves. When a virus enters the living cell of a host, it reproduces using the host's machinery and nutrition. Since reproduction is a very important characteristic of life, viruses are placed on the dividing line between the living and the non-living.  As Per Revised CBSE Curriculum 2024-25 Classroom Teaching & Animated Videos Playlists We take immense pleasure in serving you. Now, revel in our seamless online services completely free of charge. view our animated and classroom teaching Playlists customized for students from grade 1 to 12,Covering a wide range of subjects to enhance your comprehension and knowledge. Simply click on the provided playlist links to access Playlists based on the latest NCERT Syllabus for 2024- 25. Our content includes Competency-Based Questions, Assertion-Reason Questions, Previous Year Questions (PYQ), and Case Study-Based Questions to enhance your learning experience. 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