Class 10 Social Science Past Paper 2024 PDF

SOCIAL SCIENCE Solved Paper 2024 Class-X (Delhi & Outside Delhi Sets) Time : 3 Hours...

SOCIAL SCIENCE Solved Paper 2024 Class-X (Delhi & Outside Delhi Sets) Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80 General Instructions : 1. This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory. 2. Question paper is divided into SIX sections – Section A, B, C, D, E and F. 3. Section A – Question Nos. 1 to 20 are multiple choice type questions. Each question carries 1 mark. 4. Section B – Question Nos. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 2 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words. 5. Section C – Question Nos. 25 to 29 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 3 marks. Answer to these ques- tions should not exceed 60 words. 6. Section D – Question Nos. 30 to 33 are Long Answer (LA) type questions. Each question carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed 120 words. 7. Section E – Question Nos. 34 to 36 are Case– based/Source– based questions with three sub– questions. Each question carries 4 marks. 8. In Section F – Question Nos. 37 is Map skill based question with two parts 37(1) History (2 marks) and 37(ii) Geography (3 marks). This question carries total 5 marks. Delhi Set– 1 32/1/1 SECTION– A (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true. (Multiple Choice Questions) (20 × 1 = 20) Ans. Option (b) is correct. 1. From which of the following countries Giuseppe Explanation: Large part of the Balkans was under Garibaldi belonged to? 1 the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of (a) Austria (b) Italy the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans (c) Greece (d) Spain together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Ans. Option (b) is correct. Empire made this region very explosive. Explanation: A famous Italian revolutionary who was 3. Arrange the following events in chronological order born in 1807 in Genoa. He was part of a secret society and choose the correct option from the following: 1 called Carbonari and founded two underground I. Treaty of Constantinople societies called Young Italy in Marseilles and Young II. Defeat of Napoleon Europe in Berne. III. Unification of Italy 2. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion IV. Unification of Germany (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option. 1 Options: Assertion (A): The most serious source of nationalist (a) I, II, IV and III (b) II, III, I and IV tension in Europe after 1871 was Balkan. (c) II, I, IV and III (d) IV, I, III and II Reason (R): A large part of the Balkan was under the Ans. Option (d) is correct. control of Ottoman Empire. Explanation: Completion of Unification of Italy and Options: Germany took place in same year. (a) Both, (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct Completion of unification of Germany took place on explanation of (A). Jan 1871 and Unification of Italy later on same year. (b) Both. (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the II. Defeat of Napoleon– 1815 correct explanation of (A). I. Treaty of Constantinople– 1832 2 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th IV. Unification of Germany– Jan 1871 (completion) (a) Patriarchy (b) Matriarchy III. Unification of Italy– 1871 (completion) (c) Socialist (d) Feminist 4. Which one of the following pairs regarding Indian Ans. Option (d) is correct. nationalism is correctly matched? 1 Explanation: Most of the women’s movements aim Leaders Contribution at equality in personal and family life, of women. (a) Sardar Patel : Hindustan Socialist These movements are called feminist movements. Republican Army 9. Read the given statements: 1 (b) Bhagat Singh : Swaraj Party India has no official religion. (c) C.R. Das : Bardoli Satyagraha All the communities have freedom to profess (d) Jawahar Lal Nehru : Oudh Kisan Sabha and practice any religion in India. Ans. Option (d) is correct. Which one of the following constitutional term Explanation: October 1920: Setup of Oudh Kisan is used for the above statements? Sabha headed by J. L. Nehru. (a) Republic (b) Secular 5. Choose the correctly matched pair. 1 (c) Sovereign (d) Socialist (a) Ferrous – Natural Gas Ans. Option (b) is correct. (b) Non– Ferrous – Nickel Explanation: In a secular state like India, there is no (c) Non– Metallic Minerals – Limestone official religion for the Indian state. The Constitution (d) Energy Minerals – Cobalt provides to all individuals and communities freedom Ans. Option (c) is correct. to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or Explanation: Non– Metallic Minerals: These minerals not to follow any. do not contain metals. Limestone, mica and gypsum 10. Match the Column I with Column II and choose the are examples of such minerals. The mineral fuels like correct option: coal and petroleum are also non– metallic minerals. Column I Column II 6. Read the given statements and choose the correct (List) (Jurisdiction Sphere) option with regard to Rabi cropping season from the following: 1 I. Union list subjects A. State Governments I. Rabi crops are sown in winter. alone make laws on it. II. Sown from October to December and harvested II. State list subjects B. For uniformity Central from April to June. Government legislates III. Important crops are Maize, Cotton, Jute. on it. IV. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are important III. Concurrent sub- C. Subjects under Jurisdic- for the production of wheat. jects tion of Centre and State Options: Governments. (a) I, III and IV (b) II, III and IV IV. Residuary subjects D. Central Government (c) I, II and IV (d) I, II and III legislates on new sub- Ans. Option (c) is correct. jects. Explanation: It starts with the beginning of winter and continues until the beginning of summer I. II. III. IV. (October– December to April– June). The rabi crops (a) A B C D include wheat, barley, gram and oilseeds. (b) C D A B 7. Identify the soil with the help of following (c) D C B A information.1 It develops in areas with high temperature. (d) B A C D It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. Ans. Option (d) is correct. Humus content is low. Explanation: Union list subjects– For uniformity Soil: Central Government legislates on it. (a) Arid soil (b) Yellow soil State list subjects – State Governments alone make laws on it. (c) Laterite soil (d) Black soil Concurrent subjects – Subjects under Jurisdiction of Ans. Option (c) is correct. Centre and State Governments. Explanation: Laterite soil develops in areas with Residuary subjects – Central Government legislates high temperature and heavy rainfall. Formed due to on new subjects leaching. Laterite soil is mainly found in Karnataka, 11. Which of the following was the primary objective Kerala and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam. of Belgium to form the separate government in 8. Which of the following term refers to the belief in Brussels?1 and advocacy for the social, political and economic equality of women? 1 (a) Promoting cultural events SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 3 (b) Managing international relations capita income as an indicator of the development. (c) Enforcing local laws 16. Choose the correct option to fill the blank. 1 (d) Ensuring linguistic accommodation Removing barriers or restrictions on business and Ans. Option (d) is correct. trade set by the government is called as ___________. Explanation: In Brussels, the Dutch– speaking (a) Disinvestment people are in minority which is the opposite of the (b) Special Economic Zones rest of the country, where they are in majority. (c) Liberalisation 12. Which one of the following countries has two-party (d) Foreign Direct Investment system?1 Ans. Option (c) is correct. (a) China (b) United Kingdom Explanation: Liberalisation of economy means to (c) India (d) Pakistan free it from direct or physical controls imposed by Ans. Option (b) is correct. the government. In other words, removing barriers Explanation: Since the Second World War, all the or restrictions set by the government is what is Governments in the UK have been formed by either known as liberalisation. the Labour Party or the Conservative Party. 17. Which one of the following is an example of 13. What role do checks and balances play in a organised sector activities? 1 democratic country? Choose the most suitable (a) A farmer irrigating his field. option from the following. 1 (b) A handloom weaver working in her house. (a) To establish a direct form of government without (c) A headload worker carrying cement. representatives. (d) A teacher taking classes in a government school. (b) To create a separation of powers to prevent from authoritarianism. Ans. Option (d) is correct. (c) To prevent any change to the Constitution. Explanation: Organised sector is registered by the government. In organised sector, the workers enjoy (d) To ensure absolute power for one branch of government. the security of employment, the numbers of working hours are fixed, workers get several benefits such as Ans. Option (b) is correct. paid leaves, payment during holidays, provident Explanation: Power is shared among the legislature, fund, etc. executive and judiciary, this is known as horizontal distribution of power because it allows these organs 18. Which of the following are developmental goals of government placed at the same level to exercise of a prosperous farmer? Choose the correct option different powers. from the given options. 1 14. Suppose, the monthly income of the family I. Better wages members is as follows respectively: 1 II. Higher support prices for crops Mother– ` 50,000/- III. Assured high family income Father– ` 40,000/- IV. More days for work Son– ` 20,000/- Options: Daughter– ` 20,000/- (a) Only I and II are correct. The average income of the family would be: (b) Only II and IV are correct. (a) ` 32,000/- (b) ` 30,000/- (c) Only II and III are correct. (c) ` 32,500/- (d) ` 33,000/- (d) Only I and IV are correct. Ans. Option (c) is correct. Ans. Option (c) is correct. ` (50,000+ 20,000+40,000+20,000) Explanation: A prosperous farmer has develop­ Average Income = 4 mental goals of high family income and cheap labour. A successful farmer has already fulfilled all ` (1,30,000) = his basic needs. He only seeks a high income so that 4 his family does not face any financial issues.   = ` 32,500 19. Why do lenders often require collateral before 15. Which one of the following indices is given priority lending loan? Choose the most suitable option from by the World Bank with respect to development? 1 the following. 1 (a) Infant Mortality Rate (a) To lower interest rates for borrowers. (b) Equality (b) To establish personal relations. (c) Body Mass Index (c) To increase their profit margins. (d) Per Capita Income (d) To mitigate the risk of loan default. Ans. Option (d) is correct. Ans. Option (d) is correct. Explanation: World Bank considers only the per 4 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th Explanation: Security against the loan to recover the 22. (A) Suggest any two measures for the conservation money if the borrower fails to repay it. This security of forest. 2 is called collateral. OR 20. Look at the given picture carefully and infer the (B) Suggest any two measures for the conservation income of the bank. of wildlife. 2 Ans. (A) (i) Deforestation control: Cutting of tree should be limited and selective cutting should be done. Young trees should not be cut down as far as possible. Harvesting should be plan and should be optimal for the benefit of forests. (ii) Methods of farming should be changed: Farming practices such as burn slash agriculture Choose the correct option from the following. should be changed because they are very (a) The difference between the amount deposited harmful to the environment and forest. and borrowed by the bank to Reserve Bank of (iii) Prevention from forest fire: Forest should be India. protected from forest fires. The dried leaves (b) The difference of amount of interest between and bark of trees must be regularly cleared out what is charged from borrowers and what is and chemicals to control fire should be available paid to depositors. easily. (c) The difference of interest rate between what is (iv) Regulating overgrazing: Overgrazing should be charged from borrowers and what is charged regulated in order to conserve forest and protect from depositor. them from the verge of exploitation. 2 (d) The difference between the amount deposited OR by the depositor and borrowed by the borrower. (B) (i) Any laws that prohibit the killing or capturing Ans. Option (c) is correct. of birds or animals in danger of extinction Explanation: Banks charge higher interest rate on should be passed. It must be designated as a the loan in comparison to the interest paid on the criminal offence. These laws ought to be upheld deposits of the public. This difference in the interest in their entirety and not just on paper. charged on loan and interest given on deposit is the income of the banks. (ii) Regardless of the quantity of wild birds and animals, forest authorities should not permit SECTION– B their indiscriminate killing. (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (4×2 = 8) The natural habitats of wild animals and birds should be preserved by creating more national 21. “The Silk route was a good example of vibrant pre- parks and sanctuaries across the nation. modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.” Explain the statement with any (iv) Every forest should regularly undergo a wildlife two examples. 2 conservation survey by the Department of Ans. The following explains why the silk routes are an Government. To help them during floods and excellent illustration of commerce and cultural ties famines, they should be informed about the between distant regions of the world: numbers of every wild animal and bird species.  2 (i) Several land– and sea– based silk routes that 23. Why is power sharing desirable? Explain. 2 connected Asia with Europe and Northern Africa as well as enormous swathes of Asia have Ans. Desirability of Power Sharing: been recognised by historians. (i) Power sharing is good because it helps to (ii) Through these paths, the China– monopolised reduce the possibility of conflict between arts of silk weaving and sericulture expanded to social groups. Iran, Central Asia and other countries. (ii) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. (iii) Gold and silver, two precious metals, were [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 2 traded from Europe to Asia. (iv) Buddhism originated in India and dispersed 24. Differentiate between Public and Private Sector.2 across the Silk Road’s intersections in multiple directions. (Any two points) 2 SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 5 24. Comparison of economic activities in private (ii) The British salt tax was a severe burden on the sector and public sector: Indian population, particularly the poor. The British monopoly over the production and sale of salt was (i) Most of the assets of public sector are owned seen as a stark example of their exploitative economic by the government while private sector is policies. owned by individuals or group of individuals. (iii) The Indian National Congress’s declaration of Purna (ii) Government provides all services in public Swaraj, or total self– rule, on 26th January 1930, sector while in private sector it depends on was a critical precursor to the Civil Disobedience private owner. Movement. (iii) Government raises money for various (iv) The harsh and repressive measures taken by the activities through taxes while private sector British government, including the Rowlatt Act, further fuelled the Indian populace’s anger and collects money for the services they provide. frustration. (any three) (iv) Activities in the private sector are guided by 26. ‘Manufacturing industries are considered the the motive to earn profits while public sector backbone of economic development.’ Justify the is not just to earn profits. statement.3 (v) Railways, post office are examples of public Ans. The economic strength of a country lies in the sector while Tata Steel and Reliance are development of manufacturing industries because: examples of private sector. (Any two points)  (i) Manufacturing industries help in modernising  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 2 agriculture which forms the backbone of our economy. SECTION– C (ii) It reduces the heavy dependence of people on the agriculture sector and creates jobs in (Short Answer Type Questions) (5×3= 15) secondary and tertiary sectors. (iii) It is necessary for the removal of unemployment 25. (A) Describe any three causes that led to the Non- and poverty. Cooperation Movement. 3 (iv) It brings down regional disparities. OR (v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade (B) Describe any three causes of ‘Civil Disobedience and commerce and enhances prosperity. Movement.’ 3 (vi) It brings much needed foreign exchange. Ans. (A) (i) Gandhiji launched the Non– Cooperation  (Any three) Movement with the aim of self– governance and 27. Analyse the role of political parties in a democracy. obtaining full independence. 3 (ii) The Indian National Congress withdrew its Ans.  Introduction: Political parties perform many support for British reforms against the Rowlatt crucial functions in a democracy. Act and the Jallianwala Bagh incident. (a) They contest elections. Parties choose can- (iii) Indian Muslims who had participated in the didates to contest elections. The process of Khilafat Movement to restore the status of choosing candidates varies, e.g., in the USA, the Caliph (the spiritual leader of Muslims) party members choose the candidates, while gave their support to the NonCooperation in India top party leaders choose the candi- Movement. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020] dates. (b) It puts forward policies and programmes and OR people choose them. They pile up the similar (B) These were some of the main reasons that paved opinions into major stance that the parties the way for the Civil Disobedience Movement. support usually on the line of ruling party. (i) The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928. It (c) They make laws. Legislature makes laws since was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back, Simon’. All majority of the members are from a party, parties joined the protest. In October 1929, Lord they go by the lines parties take. Moreover, Irwin announced a vague offer of ‘Dominion Status’ they train and make people (party members) for India but its timing was not specified. He also leader which constitute the executive. offered to hold a Round Table Conference to discuss  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] the future Constitution. The demonstrations against 28. How is credit essential for economic activities? the detention of social revolutionaries, etc. Explain with examples. 3 6 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th Ans. Importance of cheap and affordable credit for (iii) Joining Parliaments: In 1707, England and the country’s development: Scotland decided to join their parliaments (the people who make the laws) together. This made (i) Cheap and affordable credit would lead to higher them one country called Great Britain. income. (iv) Wales and Ireland: Wales had already been part (ii) Many people could borrow for a variety of needs of England for a while and in 1801, Ireland joined (iii) It encourages people to invest in agriculture, do the mix. So, it became the United Kingdom of business and set up small scale industries, etc. Great Britain and Ireland. (iv) It enables more investment which will lead to the (v) Ireland’s Split: Later on, in 1922, Ireland split acceleration of economic activities. from the United Kingdom and became its own (v) Affordable credit would also end the cycle of the country (except for Northern Ireland, which debt trap. (Any three points) stayed part of the UK). [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] So, the United Kingdom of Great Britain formed 29. How is the issue of sustainability important for when England and Scotland joined forces, later development? Explain. 3 adding Wales and Ireland into the mix. 5 Ans. (i) Sustainable development aims at fulfilling the 31. (A) How is energy a basic requirement for economic needs of today without compromising the development? Explain. 5 needs of the future generation. OR (ii) Sustainability is the capability to use the (B) How are conventional sources of energy diffe­ resources judiciously and maintain the rent from non-conventional sources? Explain. 5 ecological balance. Ans. (A) (i) Energy is a basic requirement for economic (iii) It lays emphasis on environmental protection development. and check environmental degradation. (ii) Every sector of the national economy needs the  (Any three points) input of energy.  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020] (iii) Energy is a necessity for economic progress. Ag- riculture, industrial, transportation, commercial SECTION– D and residential sectors require energy inputs. (Long Answer Type Questions) (3×4= 12) (iv) Economic development plans launched since independence have necessitated growing amount of energy to keep them running 30. (A) How did the ideology of ‘liberalism’ affect the (v) As a result, consumption of all sources of energy Europe in early nineteenth century? Explain. 5 has been continuously increasing across the OR country. In this context, there is an urgent need (B) Explain the process of formation of ‘United to design a sustainable energy development Kingdom of Great Britain’. 5 path. Ans. (A)  The ideology of liberalism allied with (vi) The twin pillars of sustainable energy are the nationalism in the following ways: promotion of energy– saving and the greater use of renewable energy sources. (i) Liberalism stood for freedom for individual and (vii) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential equality of all before law. shortage have raised uncertainties about the (ii) It emphasised on the concept of government by security of energy supply in the future. consent. (viii) India is now one of the least energy– efficient (iii) It stood for the end of autocracy and clerical countries in the world.  5 privileges. OR (iv) It believed in a constitution and representative (B) Conventional Sources of Energy: government through Parliament. (i) The energy sources which cannot be renewed (v) The coming of the railways further linked are known as conventional sources of energy. harnessing economic interests to national (ii) It includes firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity. unification as it helped stimulate mobility. 5 (iii) Conventional sources are categorised into OR commercial– coal, petroleum, electricity and (B)(i) Different Kingdoms: A long time ago, England, non– commercial sources– firewood, straw and Scotland and Wales were separate kingdoms dried dung. with their own rulers and ways of doing things. Non– Conventional Sources of Energy: (ii) One King for Two Kingdoms: In 1603, a guy (i) The potential of non– conventional sources of named James VI of Scotland also became energy is large. James I of England. So, he was the king of both (ii) They use renewable resources for energy countries, but they were still separate. generation. SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 7 (iii) Six main non– conventional sources of energy: (iv) Democracy develops procedure to conduct namely, solar energy, wind energy, biomass healthy competitions among different groups energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy and in a society. hydro power. 5 (v) Democracy respects differences and provides mechanism to resolve them. (vi) Democracy always accommodates minority view. (vii) Any other relevant point.  (Any five points) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 5 33. (A) ‘Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.’ Explain the statement with examples. 5 32. (A) How are democratic governments better than OR other forms of government? Explain. 5 (B) ‘Improvement in technology has stimulated the OR globalisation process.’ Explain the statement (B) How do democracies lead to peaceful and with examples. 5 harmonious life among citizens? Explain. 5 Ans. (A) Globalisation as the process where different Ans. (A) Democracy is a better form of Government countries become more connected to each when compared with any other form of other, like pieces of a puzzle fitting together. Government because of the following (i) Trade: One big part of globalisation is trade. reasons: Countries buy and sell stuff to each other more (i) Democracy promotes equality among citizens. than ever before. For example, your phone Every citizen of the country has equal rights might be made in one country, but the parts before the law. All individuals have equal could come from several others. weight in electing the representatives. (ii) Travel: Globalisation makes it easier for people (ii) Democracy enhances the dignity of the to travel to other countries. You can hop on a individual. By giving its citizens equal rights it enhances dignity and freedom of the plane and fly to almost any corner of the world. individual. Democracy gives equal treatment This leads to more cultural exchanges and and respect to women, deprived and opportunities for learning from different places. discriminated castes in our society. (iii) Communication: Thanks to technology, we can (iii) Democracy improves the quality of decision– talk to someone on the other side of the world making. As there is open debate in major in seconds. Emails, video calls and social media issues in democracy thus, quality of decisions help us to connect with people from different improves. countries and cultures. (iv) Democracy provides a method to resolve conflicts. Democracy reduces the possibility of (iv) Investment: Companies from one country social tension which leads to a peaceful social might invest money in another country to build life. It allows room to correct mistakes. factories or offices. This creates jobs and boosts (v) A Democratic Government is a legitimate economies in both places. For instance, a car government. Democracy gets the popular company might invest in a factory overseas to support of the people by holding regular, free reach new markets. and fair elections. (Any five points) (v) Cultural Exchange: Globalisation isn’t just about [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 5 business. It’s also about sharing ideas, music, movies and food. You can enjoy sushi in New OR York City or listen to K– pop in South America— (B) Democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious all thanks to globalisation. life among citizens: So, globalisation is like the world becoming (i) Democracy accommodates various social smaller and more connected. Countries work divisions. together, trade with each other and share ideas (ii) Democracy reduces the possibility of tensions and cultures more easily than ever before. 5 becoming explosive and violent. OR (iii) Ability to handle social differences and (B) Think of technology like a big engine driving conflicts among different groups is a plus point of democracy. the globalisation train forward. Here’s how it works: 8 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th (i) Communication: Technology has made it super printed word and the power of reading in one of his easy for people to talk to each other across the books: globe. You can send an email, chat on social ‘Anyone who had seen me reading would have media, or have a video call with someone on compared me to a man dying of thirst who was the other side of the world instantly. This quick gulping down some fresh, pure water.... Lighting and easy communication helps businesses make my lamp with extraordinary caution, I threw myself deals, friends stay in touch and people learn hungrily into the reading. An easy eloquence, about different cultures. effortless and animated, carried me from one page (ii) Transportation: Imagine trying to send a to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck package to another country a hundred years off the hours in the silence of the shadows and ago. It would take weeks or even months! But I heard nothing. My lamp began to run out of oil now, with airplanes, cargo ships and high– and produced only a pale light, but still I read on. speed trains, we can move goods and people I could not even take out time to raise the wick for from one place to another in no time. This fast fear of interrupting my pleasure. How those new transportation makes global trade possible. For ideas rushed into my brain! How my intelligence example, you can order products online from adopted them!’ halfway around the world and they’ll arrive at 34.1 How does the passage reflect the immersive your doorstep within days. nature of reading of Mercier? 1 (iii) Information Access: The internet is like a giant 34.2 Why did Mercier describe himself as a virtual library filled with information from all over the writer? 1 world. You can learn about different cultures, 34.3 How did reading influence Mercier’s intellectual languages and customs with just a few clicks. capacity and his engagement with new This easy access to information helps break concepts? Explain in any two points. 2 down barriers between countries and promotes Ans. 34.1 He lighted the lamp and started reading page understanding and cooperation. to page, without keeping a track of time, the clock went on ticking. In spite of the oil being (iv) Automation: Technology has also made produc- run out in the lamp, he kept on reading. He did tion processes more efficient through automa- not want to interrupt his pleasure of reading.1 tion. Robots and machines can do tasks faster and more accurately than humans. This helps 34.2 Mercier described himself as a virtual writer because he felt that his true vocation lay in companies produce goods at lower costs, mak- writing, despite the fact that he had not yet ing them more competitive in the global market. written anything substantial. 1 For instance, factories can use robots to assemble products, reducing the need for manual labour. 34.3 (i) Broadening of Perspectives: Through reading, Mercier encountered a diverse range of ideas, (v) E–commerce: Online shopping has revolu- perspectives and viewpoints that expanded his tionised the way we buy and sell goods. With intellectual horizons. He engaged with a variety e–commerce platforms like Amazon and Aliba- of topics, genres and authors, gaining insights ba, businesses can reach customers worldwide into different cultures, historical periods and without needing physical stores in every coun- philosophical schools of thought. This exposure try. This opens up new markets and opportuni- to diverse perspectives broadened Mercier’s ties for both sellers and buyers. understanding of the world, enabling him to So, technology has made the world smaller by critically evaluate and analyse complex concepts making communication faster, transportation and issues from multiple angles. easier, information more accessible and (ii) Development of Critical Thinking Skills: Read- production more efficient. These advancements ing fostered Mercier’s development of critical have fuelled the globalisation process, bringing thinking skills by challenging him to question people and countries closer together than ever assumptions, evaluate evidence and formulate before. 5 reasoned judgments. As he encountered new concepts, theories and arguments in books, SECTION– E Mercier learned to analyse and interpret infor- mation critically, discerning between fact and (Case-based/Source-based Questions) (3×5= 12) opinion, identifying logical fallacies and synthe- sising disparate ideas into coherent frameworks. 34. Read the following source carefully and answer the This process of intellectual inquiry and analysis questions that follow: sharpened Mercier’s analytical abilities and ena- Printed Words bled him to engage thoughtfully with complex This is how Mercier describes the impact of the concepts and debates. 1 SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 9 35. Read the following source carefully and answer the 35.3 In case of a flood, what are the recommended questions that follow: actions to ensure the safety of your family and belongings? Describe any two. 2 FLOODS Ans. 35.1 A family emergency kit should include; a portable radio/transistor, torch, spare batteries, a first aid box along with essential medicines, ORS, dry food items, drinking water, matchboxes, candles and other essential items.  (any two) 1 35.2 Emergency kits typically contain items such as flashlights, batteries, first aid supplies and essential medications. These supplies are crucial during a flood situation when power outages, injuries and medical emergencies may occur. 1 Basic Safety Precautions to be Taken: 35.3 (i) Don’t enter into flood waters; it could be Listen to radio/TV for the latest weather bulletins dangerous. and flood warnings. Pass on the information to (ii) Don’t allow children to play in or near flood others. waters. Make a family emergency kit which should include; (iii) Stay away from sewerage line, gutters, drains, a portable radio/transistor, torch, spare batteries, a culverts, etc. first aid box along with essential medicines, ORS, (iv) Be careful of snakes; snakebites are common dry food items, drinking water, matchboxes, candles during floods. and other essential items. (v) Stay away from electric poles and fallen power— Keep hurricane lamp, ropes, rubber tubes, umbrella lines to avoid electrocution. and bamboo stick in your house. These could be useful. (vi) Don’t use wet electrical appliances– get them Keep your cash, jewellery, valuables, important checked before use. documents, etc. in a safe place. (vii) Eat freshly cooked and dry food. Always keep If there is a flood, move along with your family your food covered. members and cattle to safe areas like relief camps, (viii) Use boiled and filtered drinking water. evacuation centres, elevated grounds where you can take shelter. (ix) Keep all drains, gutters near your house clean. Turn off power and gas connections before leaving (x) Stagnation of water can breed vector/water— your house. borne diseases. In case of sickness, seek medical During floods: assistance. Don’t enter into flood waters; it could be dangerous. (xi) Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect the Don’t allow children to play in or near flood waters. surroundings. 2 Stay away from sewerage line, gutters, drains, 36. Read the following source carefully and answer the culverts etc. questions that follow: Be careful of snakes; snakebites are common during LOCAL GOVERNMENT floods. This new system of local government is the largest Stay away from electric poles and fallen power- experiment in democracy conducted anywhere lines to avoid electrocution. in the world. There are now about 36 lakh elected Don’t use wet electrical appliances-get them representatives in the panchayats and municipalities checked before use. etc.. all over the country. This number is bigger than Eat freshly cooked and dry food. Always keep your the population of many countries in the world. food covered. Constitutional status for local government has Use boiled and filtered drinking water. helped to deepen democracy in our country. It has Keep all drains, gutters near your house clean. also increased women’s representation and voice Stagnation of water can breed vector/water- in our democracy. At the same time, there are many borne diseases. In case of sickness, seek medical difficulties. While elections are held regularly and assistance. enthusiastically, gram sabhas are not held regularly. Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect the Most state governments have not transferred surroundings. significant powers to the local governments. Nor 35.1 Mention any two essential items that should be have they given adequate resources. We are thus included in a ‘family emergency kit’. 1 still a long way from realising the ideal of self- 35.2 Why are the items of family emergency kit government. important during flood situation? 1 10 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th 36.1 Analyse the significance of the elected governance is more responsive and accountable representatives in the Panchayats. 1 to local populations. 36.2 In what way has the representation of women in Strengthening of Grassroots Democracy: democracy influenced by Constitutional status The Constitutional status of local government for local government? 1 has strengthened grassroots democracy by 36.3 What has been the impact of granting institutionalising mechanisms for citizen Constitutional status to local government on the participation, representation and accountability democratic landscape of the country? Analyse at the local level. any two impacts. 2 Ans. 36.1 There are now about 36 lakh elected Through elected representatives and democratic representatives in the panchayats and processes such as elections, public consultations municipalities etc., all over the country. This and decision-making forums, local communities number is bigger than the population of have a direct say in shaping policies and many countries in the world. Constitutional programmes that affect their lives. This status for local government has helped to enhances political awareness, civic engagement deepen democracy in our country. Elected and social cohesion among citizens, fostering representatives in Panchayats are accountable a culture of democratic governance from the to the people who elected them. They are bottom up. Additionally, the reservation of responsible for transparent and accountable seats for marginalised groups such as women governance, ensuring that public funds are and scheduled castes and tribes ensures utilised efficiently and judiciously. 1 greater inclusivity and representation in local 36.2 (i) Constitutional Mandate: The Constitution governance structures, promoting social mandates reservation of seats for women in justice and equity. In summary, the granting of local government bodies through the 73rd and Constitutional status to local government has led 74th Amendments. to the decentralisation of power and decision- (ii) Increased Participation: Reservation of seats has making, empowering local communities to led to a significant rise in women’s participation govern themselves and address their own needs. in politics and governance at the grassroots It has also strengthened grassroots democracy level. by institutionalising mechanisms for citizen (iii) Empowerment and Representation: Women participation, representation and accountability actively engage in decision-making and at the local level, fostering a more inclusive and advocate for their interests, bringing unique responsive democratic governance system in perspectives to governance. the country. 2 (iv) Socio– economic Development: Women leaders promote initiatives for education, healthcare and SECTION– F economic empowerment, leading to improved (Map Skill Based Questions) (2+3=5) outcomes in various areas. (v) Political Empowerment: Many women leaders 37. (i) Two places ‘A’ and ‘B’ have been marked on the from local government bodies have advanced to given Political outline map of India. Identify state and national politics, challenging gender them with the help of the following information stereotypes. 1 and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them: 36.3 Granting Constitutional status to local (a) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the government bodies has had a significant impact salt law. 1 on the democratic landscape of the country. (b) The place where Session of Indian National Here are two key impacts: Congress was held in 1927. 1 Decentralisation of Power: The Constitutional (ii) On the same Political outline map of India. status granted to local government has locate and label any three of the following with facilitated the decentralisation of power and suitable symbols: (3×1=3) decision– making authority from the central (a) Hirakud – Dam 1 and state governments to the grassroots level. (b) Mumbai – Software Technology Park 1 For example, the 73rd and 74th Amendments (c) Raja Sansi – International Airport 1 to the Constitution in 1992 mandated the (d) Naraura – Nuclear Power Plant 1 establishment of Panchayats and Municipalities as institutions of self– government, ensuring that SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 11 Ans. (i) (A) Dandi (B) Madras 1+1 (ii) (a) Odisha (b) Mumbai (c) Amritsar (d) Uttar Pradesh  1+1+1 68° 72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92° 96° 36° 36° INDIA– Political Scale 1: 43 million (approx) km100 50 0 200 400 km REFERENCES International Boundary State Boundary Country Capital State J & K Jammu and Kashmir Headquarter 32° I. Island Is. Islands 32° Raja Sansi International Airport-Amritsar 28° 28° Naraura Nuclear Power Plant-Uttar Pradesh 24° 24° 20° 20° A. Dandi Hirakud Dam Mumbai B A Y A R A B I A Software Technology Park-Mumbai 16° 16° N O F S E A B E N G A L Madras B 12° 12° 8° 8° I N D I A N O C E A N 72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92° 12 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th Delhi Set– 2 32/1/2 Except the following all other questions are from Set– 1 necessary for the industry to adapt in order to SECTION– B satisfy a range of needs. As a result, in order to stay (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (4×2=8) competitive in ever– changing markets, sectors have embraced e– commerce platforms, expanded 23. Why is horizontal distribution of power sharing their product offers and implemented sustainable important? Explain. 2 practices. This continuous development highlights Ans. (i)  In horizontal division of power, power can the significant influence that consumer trends be shared among different organs of the and technology have on industrial landscapes government i.e., the legislatures the executive throughout the world. 3 and the judiciary. 27. How do political parties function within a (ii) In horizontal division of power, different organs democratic system? Explain. 3 of government exercise different powers. This is Ans. In a democracy, political parties are like teams a concept of separation of powers. competing in a game. Each party has its own set of (iii) Horizontal distribution specifies the concept ideas, goals and plans for how to run the country. of checks and balances in order to check the Here’s how they work: exercise of unlimited powers of the organs. (i) Representation: Political parties represent  (Any two points) 2 different groups of people with similar beliefs 24. Differentiate between organised and unorganised and interests. For example, there might be a sectors.2 party that focuses on environmental issues, Ans. Organised and unorganised sector: another on economic policies and so on. People who agree with a party’s ideas can join or (i) Organised sector enjoys security of employment support that party. while unorganised sector depends on requirement. (ii) Elections: During elections, parties put forward candidates to compete for positions (ii) In organised sector employees get paid leave in government, like the president, members of while unorganised sector does not provide paid parliament, or local councillors. Voters choose leave. which candidate and therefore which party they (iii) Over time to be paid in organised sector while want to represent them. unorganised sector does not have it necessarily. (iii) Policy– making: Once in power, the winning (iv) Government rules and regulations are applicable party or coalition gets to make decisions and set organised sector while unorganised sector has policies for the country based on their ideas and own rules and regulations. promises. This includes making laws, managing (v) Organised sector may be controlled either by the economy and handling issues like healthcare government or individuals while unorganised and education. sector is controlled by individuals. (iv) Checks and balances: In a healthy democracy,  (Any two points) 2 opposition parties keep the ruling party in check by scrutinising their decisions and SECTION– C offering alternative ideas. This helps ensure that (Short Answer Type Questions) (5 × 3 = 15) decisions are fair and represent the interests of the people as a whole, not just those in power. 26. ‘The industries have undergone significant changes (v) Engagement: Political parties engage with the due to advancement in technology and shifts in public through campaigns, rallies and debates to consumer preferences’. Justify the statement. 3 gain support for their ideas. They also listen to Ans. The statement is accurate, given the revolutionary the concerns of voters and try to address them changes that have occurred in industries all in their policies. (Any three points) 3 around the world as a result of changing consumer 28. Formal sector of credit is better than informal sector. preferences and technical advancements. Give arguments in support of your answer. 3 Production processes have been completely Ans. In India, more formal credit sources must be transformed by technology, which includes established. automation, artificial intelligence and digitisation. This has increased productivity and decreased (i) To protect individuals from being exploited by expenses. Simultaneously, shifting consumer the unorganised sector. expectations brought about by convenience, (ii) Loan interest rates are low at formal institutions. customisation and sustainability have made it (iii) To avoid getting into debt. SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 13 (iv) It offers inexpensive and manageable credit. (iii) Quality of Life: More electricity consumption (v) The RBI also oversees the formal sector credit can also mean a higher quality of life. It enables through a number of laws and guidelines, access to amenities like air conditioning, ensuring that banks lend money to small farmers, refrigeration, entertainment and communication small borrowers and other people rather than devices, which contribute to comfort and merely traders and businesses looking to make convenience. For example, in developed nations, a profit. people have access to air conditioning in homes Bad effects of informal sources of credit on and offices, which is essential for comfort in hot climates. Similarly, refrigeration allows for the borrowers: preservation of food, reducing food spoilage (i) Higher interest rate. and improving nutrition. (ii) Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of (iv) Infrastructure Development: Building and the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay maintaining a reliable electricity infrastructure the loan. require significant investment and technological (iii) In certain cases, the high interest rate for expertise. Higher per capita electricity borrowing can mean that the amount to consumption indicates that a country has be repaid is greater than the income of the invested in developing and maintaining a robust borrower. energy infrastructure, including power plants, (iv) This could lead to increasing debt and debt trap. transmission lines and distribution networks. This infrastructure supports economic growth, (v) Any other relevant point. 3 job creation and overall development. SECTION– D However, it’s essential to note that while high per capita electricity consumption can be a (Long Short Answer Type Questions) (20×1=20) positive indicator of development, it’s not the only measure. Sustainable development 31. (A) How is the per capita consumption of electricity also considers factors like energy efficiency, considered as an index of development? Explain renewable energy adoption, environmental with examples. 5 impact and social equity. Therefore, while OR electricity consumption is an essential aspect (B) Explain with examples the significance of the of development, it should be balanced usage of non-conventional sources of energy for with considerations for sustainability and the country. 5 environmental stewardship. 5 Ans. (A) Per capita consumption of electricity is often OR considered as an index of development because (B) Natural resources like wind, tides, solar, biomass, it reflects how much energy each person in a etc. generate energy which is known as “Non– country uses on average. Here’s why it’s seen conventional resources“. These are pollution as important: free and hence we can use these to produce a clean form of energy without any wastage. (i) Access to Energy: In developed countries, people use more electricity because they have The usage of non-conventional sources of energy access to various appliances, gadgets and holds significant importance for countries technologies that rely on power. For example, worldwide due to various environmental, economic and strategic reasons. Here are some in homes, people use electricity for lighting, examples of the significance of utilising non- heating, cooking and powering electronic conventional sources of energy: devices like TVs and computers. In industries, electricity is crucial for running machinery and Environmental Sustainability: Non-conven- production processes. So, higher per capita tional sources of energy such as solar, wind and electricity consumption suggests better access to hydropower are renewable and emit minimal modern amenities and technologies. greenhouse gases, unlike fossil fuels. By shifting towards renewable energy sources, countries (ii) Economic Activity: Industries and businesses can mitigate air and water pollution, reduce car- often consume large amounts of electricity. A bon emissions and combat climate change. For higher per capita consumption can indicate a example, countries like Germany and Denmark thriving industrial sector and overall economic have made substantial investments in wind and activity. For instance, countries with booming solar energy, significantly reducing their de- manufacturing, technology and service pendence on fossil fuels and achieving environ- industries tend to have higher electricity mental sustainability targets. usage per person. This suggests that people Energy Security: Non-conventional sources of are employed, businesses are growing and the energy reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, economy is developing. enhancing energy security and independence 14 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th for countries. Diversifying the energy mix with (iv) It is provided that a democratic government renewables reduces vulnerability to fluctuations is accountable, but there isn’t any mechanism in global oil and gas markets and geopolitical to hold the government accountable and the tensions. For instance, countries like Iceland and decision making is not based on norms and Norway rely extensively on hydropower and procedures. geothermal energy, reducing their exposure to (v) Democracy is solely based on political equality. international energy price volatility and supply Every citizen has an equal weight in electing disruptions. representatives. However, the same is not true Economic Growth and Job Creation: Investing in in the economic field. In democratic countries, non– conventional sources of energy stimulates the poor usually become poorer and often find economic growth and creates employment it hard to cater to the basic essentials of life like opportunities in the renewable energy sector. food, clothing, higher education and health. Developing and manufacturing renewable Democracies have massively failed in this energy technologies, such as solar panels and regard. 5 wind turbines, generate jobs and contribute to OR local economies. Countries like China and India (B) Political outcomes associated with democracy have become global leaders in renewable energy include: deployment, driving economic growth and Political Participation: Democracy encourages creating millions of green jobs in the process. active citizen engagement in political processes Technological Innovation and Competitiveness: through voting, participation in elections and Embracing non-conventional sources of energy involvement in civic activities. Citizens have encourages technological innovation and the opportunity to voice their opinions, elect enhances global competitiveness. Research and representatives and shape public policies, development in renewable energy technologies fostering a sense of empowerment and lead to breakthroughs in efficiency, storage accountability within society. and grid integration, making renewables Pluralism and Diversity: Democracy celebrates more cost-effective and reliable. For example, diversity and pluralism by accommodating the advancements in battery storage technology interests and viewpoints of various political enable better utilisation of solar and wind parties, groups and individuals. It provides a power, improving grid stability and reliability. platform for the expression of diverse ideologies, In conclusion, the utilisation of non- beliefs and perspectives, promoting tolerance, conventional sources of energy offers numerous inclusivity and respect for different opinions benefits for countries, including environmental within the political arena. sustainability, energy security, economic growth, Accountability and Transparency: Democratic job creation and technological innovation. By governments are accountable to the people transitioning towards renewables, countries can they serve, ensuring transparency, integrity and build resilient and sustainable energy systems ethical conduct in public administration. Elected to meet the growing demand for energy while officials are subject to scrutiny and oversight addressing climate change and promoting and mechanisms for checks and balances inclusive development. 5 help prevent abuse of power, corruption and 32. (A) Analyse the positive outcomes of the democracy. authoritarianism.  5 Rule of Law and Protection of Rights: OR (B) Analyse the political outcomes associated with Democracy upholds the rule of law and protects democracy. 5 fundamental rights and freedoms such as Ans. (A) (i) In a democratic nation, the government is freedom of speech, assembly, press and religion. accountable to the citizens. It is responsive Constitutional protections and legal frameworks to the needs and expectations of the citizens. ensure equality before the law and safeguard Moreover, the government is efficient and individual liberties, promoting justice, fairness effective. The democratic governments work on and the dignity of all citizens. the principle of deliberation and negotiation, so Peaceful Transfer of Power: In a democratic delays take place. system, power is peacefully transferred from (ii) In a democracy, decisions are based on norms one government to another through free and and procedures. Decision making is transparent, fair elections. Smooth transitions of power i.e. every citizen has the right to examine the enhance political stability, continuity and entire process of decision making. legitimacy, ensuring that changes in leadership occur without violence or disruption to the (iii) In a democracy, the right to question the process democratic process. of decision making is absent. SOLVED PAPER – 2024 (SOCIAL SCIENCE) [ 15 Conflict Resolution and Negotiation: Overall, democracy fosters political participation, Democracy provides mechanisms for peaceful pluralism, accountability, rule of law, peaceful resolution of conflicts, disputes and grievances transfer of power and conflict resolution, through dialogue, negotiation and compromise. contributing to stable, inclusive and democratic Democratic institutions facilitate constructive governance. These political outcomes affirm engagement among different stakeholders, democracy’s role as a system of governance that promoting consensus-building, reconciliation empowers citizens, upholds human rights and and social cohesion within society. promotes the common good. 5 Delhi Set– 3 32/1/3 Except the following all other questions are from Set-1 and 2 elections. SECTION– B Because the same group of leaders is continually (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (4×2=8) switching parties, voters may even find it 23. Explain the prudential reasons of power sharing. 2 impossible to elect a new candidate. 28. Self-help-groups (SHGs) in rural society serve as Ans. Prudential reasons for power sharing emphasise empowering platform towards socio-economic the reliability of the system of governance, which development. Give arguments in support of your contributes to national solidarity. It lessens the answer.3 likelihood of disputes arising between social groups. It provides minorities with equal participation in Ans. Self-help-groups are associations of impoverished governance. rural individuals, particularly women. SHGs solve the social and economic issues that the rural 24. Differentiate between primary and secondary poor face, thereby improving their quality of life. sectors of the economy. 2 Poverty, illiteracy, health issues, poor sanitation Ans. The agricultural and related sector services are and domestic violence are a few of these issues. referred to as the primary sector. It addresses how These organisations empower underprivileged natural resources are used in activities like mining, people and communities by providing loans with fishing, farming, etc. Manufacturing is the term affordable interest rates. SHGs encourage their used to describe the secondary sector. It produces members to save money. its goods using the primary sector’s output as raw materials. SECTION– D (Long Short Answer Type Questions) (20×1=20) SECTION– C (Short Answer Type Questions) (5 × 3 = 15) 31. (A) Analyse the advantages of Natural Gas as a source of energy. 5 26. Suggest any three ways to protect fresh water from OR industrial pollution. 3 (B) ‘Minerals generally occur in different rocks.’ Ans. The first step in proper waste management is to Examine the statement. 5 discard fuel, chemicals and industrial waste in a Ans. (A) Natural gas is a valuable resource in a country sustainable way to avoid contamination of water with limited energy resources. It has many sources. Hot water and effluents must be treated advantages. beforehand. 1. Natural gas helps generate electricity, heating Rainwater harvesting is an effective way to fulfil homes and preparing food. water needs and minimise water pollution. 2. It can be utilised as a fuel. Building a natural Constructing water treatment facilities in gas-powered power plant takes less time. manufacturing plants to recycle and properly The petrochemical sector may utilise it as an handle wastewater. industrial input. 27. Explain any three challenges that political parties 3. It can be utilised to develop fertiliser facilities, often face in their functioning. 3 boosting the usage of fertilisers. In this way, it Ans.  With no membership rolls, periodic elections, may increase the output of agriculture. or meetings, parties undermine internal 4. It can be conveniently transported via pipes. democracy. Non-transparent protocols and 5. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is becoming family dominance demoralise ordinary party increasingly popular throughout the nation as a workers. liquid fuel substitute for automobiles. The process becomes even more complex due OR to the increasing influence of cash and muscle (B) Minerals exist in various rock types, such as power in political parties, especially during sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. 16 ] Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th Sedimentary rocks: Minerals are present in is subject to the same laws and no one is above the the beds and layers of sedimentary rocks. law. Minerals like gypsum, potash and coal occur in Freedom of expression: The democratic process sedimentary rocks. Relative to minerals present uses dialogue and consultation to make decisions in sedimentary rocks, igneous rock minerals are better. usually tougher and more resilient. Accountable government: Citizens hold Igneous and met