Class 10 AI Study Material 2024 PDF

KVS ZIET MYSORE 1  संदेश विद्यालयी विक्षा में िैवक्षक उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की सिोच्च िरीयता है । हमारे विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिं िैवक्षक नेतृत्व कताा वनरं तर उन्नवत हे तु प्रयासरत रहते हैं । राष्टरीय विक्षा नीवत 2020 के संदर्ा में योग्य...

KVS ZIET MYSORE 1  संदेश विद्यालयी विक्षा में िैवक्षक उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की सिोच्च िरीयता है । हमारे विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिं िैवक्षक नेतृत्व कताा वनरं तर उन्नवत हे तु प्रयासरत रहते हैं । राष्टरीय विक्षा नीवत 2020 के संदर्ा में योग्यता आधाररत अवधगम एिं मूल्ां कन संबन्धित उद्दे श्ों को प्राप्त करना तर्था सीबीएसई के वदिा वनदे िों का पालन, ितामान में इस प्रयास को और र्ी चुनौतीपूर्ा बनाता है । केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन के पां चों आं चलिक लशक्षा एवं प्रलशक्षण सं स्थान द्वारा संकवलत यह ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ इसी वदिा में एक आिश्क कदम है । यह सहायक सामग्री कक्षा 9 से 12 के विद्यावर्था यों के वलए सर्ी महत्वपूर्ा विषयों पर तैयार की गयी है । केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन की ‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ अपनी गु र्ित्ता एिं परीक्षा संबंधी सामग्री-संकलन की वििेषज्ञता के वलए जानी जाती है और अन्य विक्षर् संस्र्थान र्ी इसका उपयोग परीक्षा संबंधी पठन सामग्री की तरह करते रहे हैं । िुर्-आिा एिं विश्वास है वक यह सहायक सामग्री विद्यावर्था यों की सहयोगी बनकर सतत मागा दिान करते हुए उन्हें सफलता के लक्ष्य तक पहुं चाएगी । िुर्ाकां क्षा सवहत । वनवध पां डे आयुक्त, केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन KVS ZIET MYSORE 2  COORDINATOR Ms KUSUM LATHA PRINCIPAL, PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BOWENPALLY MR. DINESH KUMAR TA(PHYSICS), ZIET MYSORE EDITOR Mr. SRIKANTH GOUD PGT (Computer Science), KV BIDAR (BENGALURU) TEAM MEMBERS NAME OF THE TEACHER DESIGNATION KV NAME REGION MRS. R SRI KEERTHY PGT (Comp. Sc) HVF AVADI CHENNAI MRS ANJU RANI PGT (Comp. Sc) OCF AVADI CHENNAI MS. S. KIRAN PGT (Comp. Sc) CLRI CHENNAI CHENNAI MR K SANDEEP PGT (Comp. Sc) NALGONDA HYDERABAD KUMAR MR AVD PRASAD PGT (Comp. Sc) NO.1 HYDERABAD VIJAYAWADA MRS N SUMA PGT (Comp. Sc) NO.1 GOLCONDA HYDERABAD MRS K KIRAN KUMARI PGT (Comp. Sc) BEGUMPET HYDERABAD MR NISHANT KUMAR PGT (Comp. Sc) ELURU HYDERABAD SINGH MS. ASHA D RAJU PGT (Comp. Sc) MINAMBAKKAM CHENNAI SMT. BEENA J PGT (Comp. Sc) VIRUDUNAGAR CHENNAI STUVERT KVS ZIET MYSORE 3  TABLE OF CONTENT S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. PART - A (EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS) CURRICULAM 05-14 Unit -1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 15-29 Unit-2 SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS 30-45 Unit-3 ICT SKILLS 46-54 Unit-4 ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS 55-66 Unit-5 GREEN SKILLS 67-76 PART - B (SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS) Unit -1 INTRODUCTION TO AI 77-85 Unit-2 AI PROJECT CYCLE 86-110 Unit-3 ADVANCE PYTHON 111-120 Unit-4 DATA SCIENCE 121-125 Unit-5 COMPUTER VISION 126-139 Unit-6 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 140-174 Unit-7 EVALUATION 175-189 PRACTICALS IN PYTHON 190-196 SAMPLE PAPERS 197-207 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPER 208-218 KVS ZIET MYSORE 4  SYLLABUS CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATIONCURRICULUM FOR SESSION 2024-2025 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUB. CODE 417) CLASS – X OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: The objective of this module/curriculum - which combines both Inspire and Acquire modules is to develop a readiness for understanding and appreciating Artificial Intelligence and its application in our lives. This module/curriculum focuses on: 1. Helping learners understand the world of Artificial Intelligence and its applications through games, activities and multi-sensorial learning to become AI-Ready. 2. Introducing the learners to three domains of AI in an age-appropriate manner. 3. Allowing the learners to construct meaning of AI through interactive participation and engaginghands- on activities. 4. Introducing the learners to AI Project Cycle. 5. Introducing the learners to programming skills - Basic python coding language. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Learners will be able to 1. Identify and appreciate Artificial Intelligence and describe its applications in daily life. 2. Relate, apply and reflect on the Human-Machine Interactions to identify and interact with the three domains of AI: Data, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing and Undergo assessment for analysing their progress towards acquired AI-Readiness skills. 3. Imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for futuristic job opportunities. 4. Unleash their imagination towards smart homes and build an interactive story around it. 5. Understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Development Goals to develop KVS ZIET MYSORE 5  responsible citizenship. 6. Research and develop awareness of skills required for jobs of the future. 7. Gain awareness about AI bias and AI access and describe the potential ethical considerationsof AI. 8. Develop effective communication and collaborative work skills. 9. Get familiar and motivated towards Artificial Intelligence and Identify the AI Project Cycle framework. 10. Learn problem scoping and ways to set goals for an AI project and understand the iterativenature of problem scoping in the AI project cycle. 11. Brainstorm on the ethical issues involved around the problem selected. 12. Foresee the kind of data required and the kind of analysis to be done, identify data requirementsand find reliable sources to obtain relevant data. 13. Use various types of graphs to visualize acquired data. 14. Understand, create and implement the concept of Decision Trees. 15. Understand and visualize computer’s ability to identify alphabets and handwritings. 16. Understand and appreciate the concept of Neural Network through gamification and learn basic programming skills through gamified platforms. 17. Acquire introductory Python programming skills in a very user-friendly format. SKILLS TO BE DEVELOPED: SCHEME OF STUDIES: This course is a planned sequence of instructions consisting of units meant for developing employability and vocational competencies of students of Class IX opting for skill subject along with other educationsubjects. The unit-wise distribution of hours and marks for class IX & X is as follows: KVS ZIET MYSORE 6  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUBJECT CODE 417) CLASS – X (SESSION 2024-2025) Total Marks: 100 (Theory-50 + Practical-50) NO. OF HOURS MAX. MARKS for UNITS for Theory and Theory and Practical Practical Employability Skills Unit 1: Communication Skills-II 10 2 PART A Unit 2: Self-Management Skills-II 10 2 Unit 3: ICT Skills-II 10 2 Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-II 15 2 Unit 5: Green Skills-II 05 2 Total 50 10 Subject Specific Skills Theory Practical Unit 1: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) 15 - 7 Unit 2: AI Project Cycle 15 - 9 Unit 3: Advance Python (To be assessed in Practicals only) - 30 -- Unit 4: Data Science (Introduction, Applications ofData Sciences, Data Science: Getting Started (up to Data PART 7 8 4 Access), B remaining portion is to be assessed in practical Unit 5: Computer Vision (Introduction, Applications of Computer Vision, Computer Vision:Getting Started 12 18 4 (up to RGB Images), remaining portion is to be assessed in practical Unit 6: Natural Language Processing 25 5 8 Unit 7: Evaluation 15 8 Total 150 40 Practical Work: Practical File with minimum 15 Programs 15 PART C Practical Examination 5 Unit 3: Advance Python 5 Unit 4: Data Science Unit 5: Computer Vision 5 Viva Voce 5 Total 35 Project Work / Field Visit / Student Portfolio PART D 10 (Any one to be done) Viva Voce 5 Total 15 GRAND TOTAL 210 100 KVS ZIET MYSORE 7  DETAILED CURRICULUM/TOPICS FOR CLASS X Part-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS S. No. Units Duration in Hours 1. Unit 1: Communication Skills-II 10 2. Unit 2: Self-management Skills-II 10 3. Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology Skills-II 10 4. Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-II 15 5. Unit 5: Green Skills-II 05 TOTAL 50 Note: The detailed curriculum/ topics to be covered under Part A: Employability Skills can be downloaded from CBSE website Part-B – SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS ❖ Unit 1: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ❖ Unit 2: AI Project Cycle ❖ Unit 3: Advance Python ❖ Unit 4: Data Science ❖ Unit 5: Computer Vision ❖ Unit 6: Natural Language Processing ❖ Unit 7: Evaluation UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUB- LEARNING SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL UNIT OUTCOMES Foundation Understand the concept Session: What is Intelligence? al concepts of human intelligence of AI and its various Session: Decision Making. components such as How do you make decisions? Make your choices! reasoning, problem- Session: what is Artificial Intelligence and whatis not? solving, and creativity Basics of Understand the Session: Introduction to AI and related AI:Let’s concept ofArtificial terminologies. Get Intelligence (AI) and its Introducing AI, ML & DL. Started domains Introduction to AI Domains (Data Sciences,CV & NLP) Gamified tools for each domain- o Data Sciences- Impact Filter (Impact ofrise in temperature on different species) https://artsexperiments.withgoogle.com /impactfilter/ o CV- Autodraw (It pairs machine learning with drawings from talentedartists to help you draw stuff fast.) https://www.autodraw.com/ KVS ZIET MYSORE 8  SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL o NLP- Wordtune (AI writing tool that rewrites, rephrases, and rewords your writing) https://www.wordtune.com/ Explore the use of AI in real Session: Applications of AI – A look at Real-lifeAI Life. implementations Learn about the ethical concerns Session: AI Ethics involved in AI development, such Moral Machine Activity : a platform for as AI bias,data privacy and how gathering a human perspective on moral they canbe addressed. decisions made by machine intelligence, such as self-driving cars. http://moralmachine.mit.edu/ UNIT 2: AI PROJECT CYCLE SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Introduction Understand the stages involved Session: Introduction to AI Project Cycle in the AI project cycle, such as problem scoping, data collection, data exploration, modeling, evaluation. Problem Learn about the importance of Session: Understanding Problem Scoping & Scoping project planning in AI Sustainable Development Goals development and how to define project goals and objectives. Data Develop an understanding of Session: Simplifying Data Acquisition Acquisition the importance of data collection in AI and how to choose the right data sources. Data Know various data exploration Session: Visualising Data Exploration techniques and its importance Modelling Know about the different Session: Introduction to modelling machine learning algorithms Introduction to Rule Based & Learning used to train AI models Based AI Approaches Activity : Teachable machineto demonstrate Supervised Learning https://teachablemachine.withgoogl e.com/ Activity : Infinite Drum Machine to demonstrate Unsupervised learning https://experiments.withgoogle.com /ai/drum-machine/view/ Introduction to Supervised, Unsupervised & Reinforcement Learning Models(Optional)** Neural Networks Evaluation Know the importance of evaluation and various metrics Session: Evaluating the idea! available for evaluation KVS ZIET MYSORE 9  UNIT 3 : ADVANCE PYTHON (To be assessed through Practicals) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Recap Understand to work with Session: Jupyter Notebook Jupyter Notebook, creating virtual environment, installing Python Packages. Able to write basic Python Session: Introduction to Python programs using fundamental concepts such as variables, data types, operators, and control structures. Able to use Python built-in Session: Python Basics functions and libraries. UNIT 4: DATA SCIENCES (To be assessed through Theory) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Introduction Define the concept of Data Session: Introduction to Data Science Science and understand its applications in various fields. Session: Applications of Data Science Getting Started Understand the basic concepts Session: Revisiting AI Project Cycle, Data of data acquisition, Collection, Data Access visualization, and exploration. Activities: Game: Rock, Paper & Scissors https://next.rockpaperscissors.ai/ UNIT 4: DATA SCIENCES (To be assessed through Practicals) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Python Use Python libraries such as Session: Python for Data Sciences Packages NumPy, Pandas, and Numpy Matplotlib for data analysis Pandas and visualization. Matplotlib Concepts of Understand the basic concepts Session: Statistical Learning & Data Data Sciences of statistics, such asmean, Visualisation median, mode, and standard deviation, and applythem to analyze data using various Python packages. K-nearest Understand the basic Activity: Personality Prediction (Optional)** neighbour concepts of the KNN algorithm model and its applications in Session: Understanding K-nearest (Optional)** supervised learning. neighbourmodel (Optional)** KVS ZIET MYSORE 10  UNIT 5: COMPUTER VISION (To be assessed through Theory) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Introduction Define the concept of Session: Introduction to Computer Vision Computer Vision and understand its applications in Session: Applications of CV various fields. Concepts of Understand the basic Session: Understanding CV Concepts Computer concepts of image Vision representation, feature Computer Vision Tasks extraction, object detection, Basics of Images-Pixel, Resolution, Pixel value and segmentation. Grayscale and RGB images Activities: Game- Emoji Scavenger Hunt https://emojiscavengerhunt.withgoogle.com/ RGB Calculator: https://www.w3schools.com/colors/color s_rgb.asp Create your own pixel art: www.piskelapp.com Create your own convolutions: http://setosa.io/ev/image-kernels/ UNIT 5: COMPUTER VISION (To be assessed through Practicals) SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL OpenCV Use Python libraries such as OpenCV for basic image Session: Introduction to OpenCV processing and computer vision tasks. Hands-on: Image Processing Convolution Apply the convolution operator Session: Understanding Convolution operator Operator to process images and extract (Optional)** (Optional)** useful features. Activity: Convolution Operator (Optional)** Convolution Understand the basic Neural architecture of a CNN and its Session: Introduction to CNN (Optional)** Network applications in computer (Optional)** vision and image recognition. Session: Understanding CNN (Optional)** Kernel Layers of CNN Activity: Testing CNN (Optional)** KVS ZIET MYSORE 11 UNIT 6: NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Introduction Understand the concept of Natural Session: Introduction to Natural Language Processing (NLP) and its Language Processing importance in the field of Artificial Activity : Use of Google Translate for Intelligence (AI). same spelling words Session: NLP Applications Session: Revisiting AI Project Cycle Chatbots Explore the various applications of NLP in Activity: Introduction to Chatbots everyday life, such as chatbots,sentiment analysis, and automatic summarization Language Gain an understanding of the challenges Session: Human Language VS Differences involved in understanding Computer Language human language by machine. Concepts of Learn about the Text Normalization Session: Data Processing Natural technique used in NLP and popular Text Normalisation Language NLP model - Bag-of-Words Bag of Words Processing Hands-on: Text processing Data Processing Bag of Words TFIDF (Optional)** NLTK (Optional)** UNIT 7: EVALUATION SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES SESSION/ ACTIVITY/ PRACTICAL Introduction Understand the role of Session: Introduction to Model Evaluation evaluation in the development What is Evaluation? and implementation of AI Different types of Evaluation techniques- systems. Underfit, Perfect Fit, OverFit Model Learn various Model Session: Model Evaluation Terminologies Evaluation Evaluation Terminologies The Scenario - Prediction, Reality, True Terminology Positive, True Negative, False Positive, False Negative Confusion Matrix Activity- to make a confusion matrix based on data given for Containment Zone Prediction Model Confusion Learn to make a confusion Matrix Session & Activity: Confusion Matrix matrix for given Scenario Evaluation Learn about the different typesof Session: Evaluation Methods Methods evaluation techniques in AI,such Accuracy as Accuracy, Precision, Recall and Precision F1 Score, and theirsignificance. Recall Which Metric is Important? - Precision or Recall F1 Score Activity: Practice Evaluation KVS ZIET MYSORE 12  PART-C: PRACTICAL WORK Suggested Write a program to add the elements of the two lists. Programs List Write a program to calculate mean, median and mode using Numpy Write a program to display line chart from (2,5) to (9,10). Write a program to display a scatter chart for the following points (2,5), (9,10),(8,3),(5,7),(6,18). Read csv file saved in your system and display 10 rows. Read csv file saved in your system and display its information Write a program to read an image and display using Python Write a program to read an image and identify its shape using Python Important https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum21/publication/secondar Links y/Class10_Facilitator_Handbook.pdf Link to AI Activities & Jupyter Notebooks (including sample projects) https://bit.ly/class_X_activities_jupyter_notebooks PART-D: Project Work / Field Visit / Student Portfolio * relate it to Sustainable Development Goals Suggested Projects/ Field Visit / Portfolio (any one activity to be one) Sample 1. Student Marks Prediction Model Projects 2. CNN Model on Smoke and Fire Detection Field Work Students’ participation in the following- AI for Youth Bootcamp AI Fests/ Exhibition Participation in any AI training sessions Virtual tours of companies using AI to get acquainted with real-life usage Student Maintaining a record of all AI activities Portfolio (to Hackathons be continued Competitions (CBSE/Interschool) from class IX) Note: Portfolio should contain minimum 5 activities **NOTE: Optional components shall not be assessed. They are for extra knowledge KVS ZIET MYSORE 13 LIST OF ITEMS/ EQUIPMENTS (MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS): The equipment / materials listed below are required to conduct effective hands-on learning sessions while delivering the AI curriculum to class 10 students. The list below consists of minimal configuration required to execute the AI curriculum for class 10 and create social impact real time solutions/ projects. The quantities mentioned here are recommended for a batch of 20 students keeping the human- machine ratio as 2:1. An exhaustive list may be compiled by the teacher(s) teaching the subject. S. NO. ITEM NAME, DESCRIPTION & SPECIFICATION A SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Processor: Intel® Core™ i5-7300U Processor or equivalent with minimum SYSmark®2018 1 Rating of 750 or higher 2 Graphic Card: Integrated graphics 3 Form Factor: - USFF (Ultra Small Form factor) System chassis volume less than One Litre 4 RAM: 8GB DDR4 – 2400MHz or above 5 Storage: 500 GB HDD – 7200 rpm 6 Display: 18.5” LED Monitor with HDMI, in-built-speaker, 7 Keyboard: Keyboard with numerical keypad (recommended) 8 Mouse: Optical Mouse 9 Webcam: Full HD Camera 10 Headphones with Mic 11 Dual Band Wireless Connectivity Min 800 Mbps 12 Bluetooth V4.2 or Higher Ports: 4 USB 3.0 ports, dual high-definition display ports (HDMI 2.0/DP/thunderbolt 3.0ports), 13 High definition 8-channel audio through HDMI interface or through audio jack. VPU: - Integrated or support for VPU - vision processing unit to accelerate AI machinevision 14 applications. B SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 1 Operating System: Any 2 Anti-Virus Activated 3 Internet Browser: Google Chrome 4 Productivity Suite: Any (Google+ Suite recommended) 5 Anaconda Navigator Distribution (https://bit.ly/AI-installation-guide) 6 Conceptual installations (https://bit.ly/AI-installation-guide) 7 Intel Open VINO tools 8 Python NOTE: In keeping with the spirit of Recycle, Upcycle and Reuse, it is recommended to make use ofany equipment/ devices/ accessories from the existing inventory in school. KVS ZIET MYSORE 14  PART-A: EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS UNIT-1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS Communication is the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information -- in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading. Good communicators listen carefully, speak or write clearly, and respect different opinions. Communication is defined as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium Communication skills allow you to understand and be understood by others. These can include but are not limited to effectively communicating ideas to others, actively listening in conversations, giving, and receiving critical feedback and public speaking. Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing, and empathizing. It is also helpful to understand the differences in how to communicate through face to-face interactions, phone conversations, and digital communications like email and social media. Session 1 – Methods of Communication: The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word: commūnicāre, meaning‘to share’. Communication Skills Communication has three important parts: 1. Transmitting — The sender transmits the message through one medium or another. 2. Listening — The receiver listens or understands the message. 3. Feedback — The receiver conveys their understanding of the message tothe sender in the form of feedback to complete the communication cycle. KVS ZIET MYSORE 15 Elements of Communication The various elements of a communication cycle are: Sender: the person beginning the communication. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey. Channel: the means by which the information is sent. Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message. KVS ZIET MYSORE 16 Types of Communication Face-to-face informal communication: There is nothing better than face-to-face communication. It helps the message to be understood clearly and quickly. Also, since body language can be seen in this case; it adds to the effectiveness of the communication. e-mail: e-mail can be used to communicate quickly with one or many individuals in various locations. It offers flexibility, convenience and low-cost. Notices/Posters: It is effective when the same message has to go out to a large group of people. Generally used for where email communication may not be effective. For example, ‘Change in the lunch time for factory worker,’ or ‘XYZ Clothing will remain closed for customers on Sunday.’ Business Meetings: Communication during business meetings at an organisation are generally addressed to a group of people. It can be related to business, management and organisational decisions. Other Methods There can be various other methods like social networks, message, phone call for communication, newsletter, blog, etc. Verbal Communication Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language, and speech. Type of Verbal Communication Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between two individuals and is thus, a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or informal. Examples 1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee. 2. Two friends discussing homework. 3. Two people talking to each other over phone or video call. Written Communication: This form of communication involves writing words. It can be letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It can be between two or more people. KVS ZIET MYSORE 17 Examples 1. A manager writing an appreciation e-mail to an employee. 2. Writing a letter to grandmother enquiring about health. Small Group Communication: This type of communication takes place when there are more than two people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with the rest. Examples 1. Press conferences 2. Board meetings 3. Team meetings Advantages of Verbal Communication: It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange ideas by saying what you want and get a quick response. It enables you to keep changing your interaction as per the other person’s response. Disadvantages of Verbal Communication: Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words, sometimes the meanings can be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used. Non-Verbal Communication: Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages without using any spoken or written word. In other words, we send signals and messages to others, through expressions, gestures, postures, touch, space, eye contact and para language. Importance of Non-verbal Communication In our day-to-day communication 55% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc. 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc. only 7% communication is done using words. Around 93% of our communication is non- verbal. KVS ZIET MYSORE 18 Type of Non-Verbal Communication Gestures Raising a hand to greet or say goodbye Pointing your finger at someone Expressions Smiling when you are happy Making a sad face when you are sad Body Language Postures by which attitudes and feelings are communicated. Standing straight, showing interest Visual Communication Visual communication proves to be effective since it involves interchanging messages only through images or pictures and therefore, you do not need to know any particular language for understanding it. It is simple and remains consistent across different places. Some examples: KVS ZIET MYSORE 19 Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback: Feedback is an important part of the communication cycle. For effective communication, it is important that the sender receives an acknowledgement from the receiver about getting the message across. Feedback can be positive or negative. A good feedback is always Specific Helpful kind Timely Offering continuous support Importance of Feedback Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in the process of communication since it is defined as the response given by the receiver to the sender. Let us look at certain reasons why feedback is important. It validates effective listening It motivates It is always there It boosts learning It improves performance Barriers to Effective Communication EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Introduction: Effective communication is a two-way communication process where both parties have right and convenience to express their messages opinions, facts and other information 7Cs of Effective Communication Clear: While communicating one should be clear about what he / she say. Concise: Use simple words and say only what is needed. KVS ZIET MYSORE 20  Concrete: Your arguments should be based on solid facts and opinions from credible sources and you should share reliable data to support your stand. Correct: It’s essential that along with the factual information, the language and grammar you use are correct. Coherent: Your words should make sense. Along with that it should related with the main topic Complete: Your message should be complete. It should have all the needed information Courteous: Be respectful, honest and friendly throughout your communication Barriers in communication Linguistic Barrier: Language at times can be a barrier to effective communication Physical Barrier: If the surroundings do not support proper communication, it can also act as a barrier to appropriate interaction. Cultural Barrier: Cultural differences hinder us from communicating properly. Interpersonal Barriers: It refers to the situations when the intended message is received incorrectly due to many personal reasons. Organizational Barriers: In an organization if there is no clarity about the roles, structures, responsibilities, it will hinder effective communication among the members of the organization Ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication Use simple language Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography Try to communicate in person as much as possible Use visuals Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language Be respectful of other’s opinions Writing Skills — Parts of Speech Capitalisation Rules KVS ZIET MYSORE 21  Punctuation Basic Parts of Speech The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence. KVS ZIET MYSORE 22 Supporting Parts of Speech Types Writing Skills — Sentences Parts of a Sentence Subject: Person or thing that performs an action. Verb: Describes the action. Object: Person or thing that receives the action. Active and Passive Sentences KVS ZIET MYSORE 23  ONE MARK QUESTIONS 1 Which of the following is not a form of written communication? 1 a) Circulars b) Reports c) Discussion d) SMS 2 Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier? 1 a) Linguistic barrier b) Interpersonal barrier c) Financial barrier d) Organizational barrier 3 Ramya travelled to Sweden from India to pursue her higher education. But 1 she doesn't know how to speak Swedish (language of Sweden). Because of this, she was unable to find a part time job. This is an example of _____________.(CBSE 23-24) (a) Interpersonal barrier (b) Physical barrier (c) Organisational barrier (d) Linguistic barrier 4 Rohit, when leaving from his friend’s house is bidding goodbye by waving 1 his hands. Which type of non-verbal communication is used by Rohit? a) Expression b) Body language c)Gesture d)All the above 5 Identify the object, verb and subject in the sentence, 1 ‘The car crashed into a tree.’ a) Object: a tree; Verb: crashed; Subject: the car b) Object: The car; Verb: crashed; Subject: a tree c) Object: crashed; Verb: the tree; Subject: the car d) Object: crashed; Verb: the car; Subject: the tree 6 The ______ conveys the message to the sender in the form of feedback for 1 the completion of communication cycle. (a) Sender (b) Receiver (c) Channel (d) Protocol 7 Identify the sentence type - “I drove to the office, and then I walked to the 1 cabin.” (a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Both compound and complex 8 Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the 1 communication process cycle? KVS ZIET MYSORE 24  (a) Channel (b) Receiver (c) Sender (d) Time 9 How much % of the communication that we do in our day-to-day 1 communication is non-verbal? a) 55% b) 93% c) 7% d) 38% 10 You need to apply leave at work? Which method of 1 communication will you use? (a) e-mail (b) Poster (c) Newsletter (d) Blog 11 Which of the following is an example of oral communication? 1 (a) Newspapers (b) Letters (c) Phone call (d) e-mail 12 Which of the following statement is true about communication? 1 (a) 50% of our communication is non-verbal (b) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc. (c) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc. (d) 7% communication is done using words 13 Which of these are examples of positive feedback? 1 (a) Excellent, your work has improved. (b) I noticed your dedication towards the project. (c) You are always doing it the wrong way. (d) All of the above 14 Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly? 1 (a) Ravi and I are going to the movies. (b) Salim is visiting India in July. (c) The Tiger is a strong animal. (d) She is arriving on Monday. 15 _________communication is the use of body language, gestures and facial 1 expressions to convey information to others. (CBSE 2020-21) KVS ZIET MYSORE 25  ANSWERS 1. c) Discussion 2. (c) Financial 3. (d) 4. c) Gesture 5. a) Object: a barrier Linguistic tree; Verb: barrier crashed; Subject: the car 6. c) channel 7. b) Compound 8. d) Time 9. b) 93% 10. (a) e-mail 11. (c) Phone call 12. (d) 7% 13. (a) 14. (d) She is 15.Non-verbal communication Excellent, arriving on Communication is done using your work has Monday. words improved TWO MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 1 List different methods of communication. 2 Ans: Different methods of communication are: face to face talk, e-mail, letters, notice board. Posters, meetings, phone call, video call, virtual meeting, writing blog etc 2 Enumerate any two ways to overcome barriers to effective 2 communication. Ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication (Any Two) a) Use simple language b) Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography c) Try to communicate in person as much as possible d) Use visuals e) Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language f) Be respectful of other’s opinions 3 List two best practices for effective communication. (CBSE 2023-24) 2 Ans: There are different methods of communication: non-verbal, verbal and visual. However, all these methods can only be effective if we follow the basic principles of professional communication skills. These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs i.e., Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete and Courteous. (Any two of 7 C’s) 4 The symbol shown represents “No Parking zone”. 2 What type of communication uses such symbols and what is the advantage of using that form of communication? KVS ZIET MYSORE 26  Ans: a) Visual Communication b) Visual communication proves to be effective since it involves interchanging messages only through images or pictures and therefore, you do not need to know any particular language for understanding it. It is simple and remains consistent across different places. 5 Explain the following terms: a) Group Communication b) Interpersonal 2 Communication Ans: Group communication: This type of communication takes place when there are more than two people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with the rest. Examples 1. Press conferences 2. Board meetings 3. Team meetings Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between two individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or informal. Examples 1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee. 2. Two friends discussing homework. 3. Two people talking to each other over phone or video call. 6 List the different types of verbal communication? 2 Ans: a) Interpersonal Communication b) Written Communication c)Group Communication d)Public Communication 7 Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in 2 the process of communication. Give two reasons to justify why feedback is important. Ans: It validates effective listening: The person providing the feedback knows they have been understood (or received) and that their feedback provides some value. It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better work relationships and continue the good work that is being appreciated. It is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we communicate feedback so it is impossible not to provide one. It boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain focussed on goals, plan better and develop improved products and services. It improves performance: Feedback can help to form better decisions to improve and increase performance. 8 Write down the common communication barriers you may come across 2 when you move to a new city or country. Ans: KVS ZIET MYSORE 27  When we are moving to a new country we may come across: - Cultural barriers: when people of different cultures are unable to understand each other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. Linguistic Barriers: Language barriers are the most common communication barriers, which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people when in a new country or city. 9 Name the four main categories of Communication Styles. (CBSE 2020-21) 2 Verbal, Non - Verbal, Written and Visual 10 Draw any two common signs used for Visual Communication. Explain 2 what each conveys and where did you see it? a) No parking Sign. Seen before gates of houses and on areas where parking is not allowed. b) Danger warning. Could be seen in places of Potential danger like in a waterfall during rainy season, Rough sea etc 11 Classify the following actions below as examples of bad and good non- 2 verbal communication a) Laughing during formal communication b) Scratching head c) Smiling when speaking to a friend d) Nodding when you agree with something 12 List down the various elements of Communication Channel. 2 Ans: The various elements of a communication cycle are: Sender: the person beginning the communication. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey. Channel: the means by which the information is sent. Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message. 13 Mention 2 positive facial expressions which you can use in making effective communication. Ans: Smiling when meeting someone. Keeping face relaxed. Matching expressions with your words. Nodding while listening. 14 List down the basic parts of speech. Ans: The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence. Some examples are nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. 15 Write two sentences of each type of sentence—statement, question, exclamatory and order. KVS ZIET MYSORE 28  Examples: - Statement: 1.The sun rises in the east 2. The earth revolves around the sun Question: 1.What is a solar eclipse? 2.Do you know where he is? Exclamation: 1. Alas We lost the match! 2. Hurray!!! Tomorrow is a holiday Order: 1.Please lower your voice 2. Meet me at my office. KVS ZIET MYSORE 29  UNIT-2: SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS COMPONENTS OF SELF MANAGEMENT Stress Management Time Self Management Awareness Goal Self Setting Motivation Self-Management: Self-management is the ability to control one’s emotions, thoughts and behaviour effectively in different situations. Essential Skills for Success: Discipline Punctuality Goal - setting Teamwork Problem Solving Responsibility Adaptability Professionalism Dedication Importance of Self-Management: Self-sufficient and independent Ownership and accountability lead to self-confident Goal-oriented and strategy maker Self-monitoring and discipline reinforce good habits and behaviours Organise life and remove stress KVS ZIET MYSORE 30  Methods of Self-Management Stress: Stress can be defined as emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived demands or threats. Symptoms of Stress: Sign of Physical stress Sign of Mental stress Breathlessness Irritation Indigestion Boredom Fatigue Mood swings Cold hands and feet Loneliness Dry mouth or choking feeling Anxiety Nausea Sweaty palms Causes of Stress: Conflict or rivalry, Lack of confidence Meeting deadlines or Work pressure expectations Physical discomfort Change of routine Effects of Stress: Deteriorates mental and physical health Lack of concentration and productivity in work Damage in personal and professional relationships Stress Management: Managing stress is about planning to cope effectively with daily pressures. Advantages of Stress Management: ✓ Focus and Goal-setting ✓ Better planning KVS ZIET MYSORE 31  ✓ Execute the work smoothly within deadline ✓ Better work-life balance Methods of Stress Management: A B C Adversity Beliefs Consequences  Step 1: Awareness about stress  Step 2: Identify the cause of stress  Step 3: Apply Stress management techniques Stress Management Techniques: 1) Proper time management 2) Physical exercise, Yoga, balanced diet, and healthy lifestyle 3) Maintain positive attitude and outlook 4) Organise schedule, complete all the works on time 5) Adequate sleep and relaxation 6) Spending quality time with friends and family. Self-Awareness Know Yourself: Belief, Background, Opinion, Choice, Values Realising Strength and Weakness: Identify skills, abilities, interests, what you are good at and successful Identify shortcomings, apathies, where you face difficulty and defeat Consider honest feedback from others Continue practising skills Overcome weakness and improvise KVS ZIET MYSORE 32  SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis is an important framework for identifying and analysing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Self-Motivation: Self-motivation is the internal force that drives one to act towards achievement of goals. Types of Motivation: Internal MotivationSelf-interest and love for the work or hobby Doing task of own interest makes one happy, healthy and feel good. External Motivation Reward Doing the task brings respect, recognition and appreciation Qualities of Self-Motivated People:  Aware of expectations from life  Focussed towards goal  Aware of importance of things  Dedicated to fulfil dreams Steps to Build Self-Motivation: Stay loyal to Goals despite Develop Plan to adversity achieve Goals Set Goals and Focus on them Find own Strength Self-Reliance - Ability to Work Independently Importance of The Ability to Work Independently KVS ZIET MYSORE 33 Following benefits of working independently advocate its importance. Ensures greater learning. Individuals feel more empowered and responsible. It provides flexibility to choose and define working hours and working mechanisms. Failure and success of the task assigned are accounted by individuals. Individuals become assets to organizations, groups and nations at large. It ensures creativity and satisfaction amongst individuals. Goal Setting Goals: Goals are a set of dreams with a deadline to achieve them. Goal Setting: Goal setting is all about finding and listing one’s goals in life and planning on achieving them. Importance of Goal Setting: o Helps to think and decide about future plans o Helps to prioritize things in life o Helps to focus on important tasks Nature of Goals: SMART Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time bound Who is involved How in the goal? much? What do I want to do? How many? Breaking Can be Definite time Where do I start? down big planned and frame to goals into work achieve the When do I start towards it goals and finish? smaller parts How to for success Which means do I know about use? achieved Why am I doing results? this? KVS ZIET MYSORE 34 Time Management: Time management is the ability to plan and control on spending time in order to complete all the intended work. Benefit of Time Management: 1. Timely completion of tasks 2. Prepare and follow a daily timetable 3. Correct estimation about duration of a work 4. Correct utilisation of time 5. Sense of accomplishment resulting satisfaction and happiness Healthy habits for Time Management: 1. Avoid unnecessary delay or postpone of planned activity 2. Organise the workplace to develop good working environment 3. Utilise leisure and waiting time productively 4. Prepare To-Do list and prioritise works 5. Develop healthy habits and productive hobby Steps for Effective Time Management: Plain daily Activities Organise Prepare timetable and follow it Organise working area Prioritise Prepare To - Do list of activities Rank the activities as per priority Control Gain control over activities and time utilisation Avoid wasting time on useless things Identify all the works done throughout the day and the amount of time spent on them Track Analysis of time helps in better planning and execution of tasks and minimize time waste KVS ZIET MYSORE 35 Emotional Intelligence: Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage own and others’ emotions. Steps to Manage Emotions: 1.Understand emotions: Observe behaviour 2.Rationalise: Think judiciously, then decide and act 3.Control: Practice Yoga and meditation to keep calm Quality of a good Team Member: i. Work towards a common Goal set by the team ii. Selflessness - Help and Adjust with the group iii. Good interpersonal skills iv. Team spirit and group management skills Quality of Independent workers: i. Self-awareness, self-monitoring and self-correcting ii. Awareness of Goal iii. Taking initiative iv. Recognising mistakes and self-performance analysis v. Continuous learning Personality Management: Personality includes proper sense of dressing, personal hygiene, and good communication skills to have positive impression on others. KVS ZIET MYSORE 36  ONE MARK QUESTIONS 1 1.Which of the following activities helps in reducing stress? 1 a) Yoga b) Walking c) Meditation d) All of these 2 ___________________refers to focusing human efforts for 1 maintaining a healthy body and mind capable of better withstanding stressful situations. a) Mental Health b) Emotional Health c) Self-Management d) Stress Management 3 __________ is a series of postures and breathing exercises 1 practiced to achieve control of body and mind. points a. Meditation b. Nature Walk c. Yoga d. drill 4 Pranjali gets up at 5 am and goes to her badminton classes. Then 1 she comes home and finishes her homework before going to school. She does this all by herself. No one tells her to do it. This is an example of (a) Self-motivation (b) External motivation (c) Both self and external motivation (d) Not any specific type of motivation KVS ZIET MYSORE 37  5 Statement 1: A realistic goal is one that has no timeline or plans for 1 execution. Statement 2: Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the goal achievable. a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct b) Both Statement I and Statement Il are incorrect c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct 6 ______ the work is all about identifying and noting how we spent 1 our time, and analysing how to spend our time effectively. (CBSE 2023-24) (a) Organising (b) Prioritising (c) Controlling (d) Tracking 7 SMART method can be used to set goals to make you successful in 1 your career and personal life. What does 'A' in SMART stand for? (CBSE 2023-24) (a)Abrupt (c)Achievable (b)Accountable (d)Admirable 8 Which of the following is not a key element of self-management 1 skills? (a)Prioritising your work (b)Not taking feedback (c)Goal setting (d)Staying updated about new practices 9 Sonika gets up at 6 am and goes for her hobby classes. Then she 1 comes back home and finishes her homework before going to school. She does all work by herself. No one tells her to do so. This is called ___________. a. Self-Awareness b. Self-Motivation c. Self-Regulation d. Discipline 10 High expectations from self can leave one with chronic anxiety and 1 stress, thus leading to _____________stress. a. Physical b. Emotional c. Mental d. Financial KVS ZIET MYSORE 38  11 EXPAND ‘S.M.A.R.T ‘w.r.t to goal setting. 1 12 Gathering insights on your personality and work-specific 1 proficiencies is known as (a) responsibility (b) self - awareness (c) adaptability (d) time management 13 What are the ABC of Stress Management? (CBSE 2022-23) 1 a) Avertible, Belief, Consequences. b) Adversarial, Being, Control, c) Adversity, Belief, Consequences d) Adversity, Belief, Control 14 Which of the below is not a step of Effective Time Management? 1 (CBSE 2022-23) a) Organize b) Prioritize c) Control d) Remember 15 Managing stress is about making 1 A) A Plan to visit Psychologist. B) A plan to develop emotional stability. C) A plan to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures. D) A plan to fun trip ANSWERS: 1. d) All of 2. d) Stress 3. c. Yoga 4. (a) Self- 5. d) Statement I is these Management motivation incorrect but Statement II is correct 6. (d) 7.(c)Achievable 8. (b)Not 9. b. Self- 10. c.Mental Tracking taking Motivation feedback 11.Specific, 12. (b) self - 13. c) 14. d) 15. C) A plan to be Measurable, awareness Adversity, Remember able to cope Achievable, Belief, effectively with Realistic,Time Consequences daily pressures. bound KVS ZIET MYSORE 39  TWO MARK QUESTIONS- SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS 1 What is stress? Enlist few simple stress management techniques. 2 In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain. 3 Mention any two benefits of working Independently. 4 List down any two methods that can be followed for effective time management. 5 What is the importance of setting goals in life? 6 What are the factors that affect self-confidence? 7 Sameera is always punctual at school. She has a regular schedule that she follows every day. She plans for study and play time in advance. Enlist the four steps Sameera must have followed for effective time management. (CBSE 2022-23) 8 What are the 2 types of motivation? 9 What is the best way to work on long-term goals? 10 What is Time Management? 11 How can tracking your time help you? 12 Raghu always schedules all the activities he has to complete in a day. What is he doing? Elaborate on that quality you see in Raghu which you can imbibe. 13 Describe the steps of gaining self-motivation. KVS ZIET MYSORE 40  14 Disha is going to start a new business with own investment. What qualities she should possess to work independently? 15 Mention any two symptoms of stress. TWO MARK ANSWERS - SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS 1 What is stress? Enlist few simple stress management techniques. Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived demands or threats Here are a few simple stress management techniques. (Any two) a) Time management b) Positivity c)Physical Exercise and Fresh Air d)Healthy Diet e) Holidays with Family and Friends f) Good Sleep g) Organising your work and not delaying 2 In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain. We can use SMART method to set goals. SMART stands for: Specific: A specific and clear goal answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal? What do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do I use? Why am I doing this? Not a specific goal: “I would learn to speak English.” Specific goal: “I would learn to speak English fluently by joining coaching classes after my school every day, and in six months I will take part in the inter-school debate competition.” 3 Mention any two benefits of working Independently. Two benefits of working independently 1. Ensures greater learning KVS ZIET MYSORE 41  2. Individuals feel more empowered and responsible 4 List down any two methods that can be followed for effective time management. Tips for Practicing Effective Time Management Avoid delay or postponing any planned activity Organise your room and school desk Develop a ‘NO DISTURBANCE ZONE’, where you can sit and complete important tasks Use waiting time productively Prepare a ‘To-do’ list Prioritise Replace useless activities with productive activities 5 What is the importance of setting goals in life? Following are the importance of Goal setting1. Goals allow you to separate out what’s important. 2. It helps you to focus on the end result instead of less Important work. 3. This will make you successful in your Career and personal life. 6 What are the factors that affect self-confidence? Answer- Factors that affect self-confidence are: - a) When we think we cannot do a particular work. b) When we keep thinking of our past mistakes and feel bad about it, instead of learning from them. c) When we expect to be successful at the first attempt itself and do not try again. d) When we are surrounded by people who have a negative attitude, which is reflected in their speech 7 Sameera is always punctual at school. She has a regular schedule that she follows every day. She plans for study and play time in advance. Enlist the four steps Sameera must have followed for effective time management. (CBSE 2022-23) The four steps of effective time management which Sameera must KVS ZIET MYSORE 42  have followed are: (i) Organise (ii) Prioritise (iii) Control (iv) Track 8 What are the 2 types of motivation? Internal Motivation: LOVE We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good. For example, when you perform on your annual day function and you learn something new, such as dancing, singing, etc., you feel good. External Motivation: REWARD We do things because they give us respect, recognition and appreciation. For example, Suresh participated in a 100m race and won a prize. This motivated him to go for practice every morning. 9 What is the best way to work on long-term goals? The best way to work on long-term goals is: Commit to one long-term goal at a time. Break your goal into sub-goals. Set up a timetable for your goal and sub-goals. Work on your self-discipline. Develop habits that aid in accomplishing your goal. Review your progress regularly. Take breaks regularly. Try to make your goal fun. Celebrate your successes 10 What is Time Management? Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day well and do all that you want to do. An example of good time management skills would be when you decide to finish your homework immediately after school so you have time to watch TV later in the evening. 11 How can tracking your time help you? KVS ZIET MYSORE 43  Tracking your time helps you gain perspective on your life, so you can determine whether the way you spend your time is true to your priorities and what is important to you. By tracking your time, you can i. See how many hours you work. ii. Discover what your priorities are. iii. Time feels richer. iv. A time log can lead to real change. 12 Raghu always schedules all the activities he has to complete in a day. What is he doing? Elaborate on that quality you see in Raghu which you can imbibe. Ans: Raghu is managing his time effectively by scheduling and planning the activities he has to complete in time. Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day well and do all that you want to do. The effective time management techniques that we can imbibe from Raghu are: - a) Organise b) Prioritize c) Control and d) Track 13 Describe the steps of gaining self-motivation. Step 1: Find own Strength Step 2: Set goal and focus Step 3: Plan and work Step 4: Stick to the goal 14 Disha is going to start a new business with own investment. What qualities she should possess to work independently? Self-awareness – Know strength, weakness, risk, opportunity Define Goals, take initiative to plan and work Self-performance analysis, recognising mistake Continuous learning from surroundings KVS ZIET MYSORE 44  15 Mention any two symptoms of stress. (Any two) Breathlessness Irritation Indigestion Boredom Fatigue Mood swings Cold hands and feet Loneliness Dry mouth or choking feeling Anxiety Nausea Sweaty palms KVS ZIET MYSORE 45  UNIT-3: ICT SKILLS TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Some popular operating systems are: DOS (Disk Operating System) Windows It is an operating system developed by Microsoft. Linux It is an operating system designed for personal computers. It is a free and Open Source Software Mobile operating Systems ✓ Android ✓ Symbian ✓ Windows Phone ✓ iOS Following are some of important functions of an operating System. Memory Management Processor Management Device Management File Management Security Control over system performance Job accounting KVS ZIET MYSORE 46  Error detecting aids The different types of operating systems are as follows: Interactive (GUI-based) A graphical user interface is a user-friendly operating system in which commands can be entered by clicking/double-clicking/right- clicking a mouse. Windows operating system is an example of an interactive operating system. Single-user, single-task operating system: This type of operating system allows only one user to do a task on the computer and one thing at a time. Single-user, multi-task operating system: This type of operating system is used on Desktop computers, laptops, where a single user can operate on several programs at the same time. For example, Windows, Apple MacOS are examples of single-user multi task operating system. Multi-user: A multi-user operating system enables multiple users to work on the same computer at different times or simultaneously. Real Time: A real time operating system is used to control machinery, scientific instruments, like robots, in complex animations and computer controlled automated machines. A real-time operating system is a computing environment that reacts to input within a specific period of time. It manages the resources of the computer so that any particular operation is executed in the same amount of time every time it is executed. Windows CE and Lynx OS are examples of real-time operating systems. Distributed: A distributed operating system runs on a set of computers that are interconnected by a network. It combines the different computers in the network KVS ZIET MYSORE 47  into a single integrated computer and storage location. Windows, UNIX, and LINUX are examples of distributed operating systems. Windows 7 operating system: Windows 7 is an operating system developed by Microsoft and is used on personal computers. After loading Windows 7, the first screen that appears on the monitor is called desktop. From the desktop, you can access different components of Windows 7. By default, Windows 7 has a picture for the desktop background. This is called wallpaper. Small pictures on the desktop are called icons. These icons represent files, folders, 31 applications, etc. At the bottom of the desktop is a long bar called the Taskbar. To the left of the taskbar is the Start button. File Concept, File Operations, File Organization, Directory Structures And File SystemStructures Everything you store on your computer is stored in the form of a file. There are specific naming conventions for naming files or folders, like characters that can be used, maximum number of characters, etc. Files can be separately placed into groups, called folders/directories. Each directory/folder can contain related files and/or sub-folders. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF COMPUTER Regular maintenance of the computer system is very important. Some of the maintenance activities are: Keep the components of the computer, like keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc. clean. Replace hardware that is not functioning properly Keep food items away from the computer Cables and chords should not be messed up KVS ZIET MYSORE 48  Removing unauthorized software from the computer Take regular backup of the data Ensure backups are working properly by periodically restoring or checking of data. You should use external hard drive for backup of data on your computer. Run anti-virus periodically Keep anti-virus software up to date Do not overcharge the batteries Do not block the vents Always shut down the computer properly Section -A (1 Mark Questions) Q1. One of the most important contributions of ICT in the field of 1 education………. a. Easy access to teaching b. Easy access to books c. Easy access to learning d. Easy access to workload Ans: c Q2. Internet Explorer is a ……... 1 a. Internet b. Web browser c. Search Engine d. Service Provide Ans: b Q3. ICT stands for: 1 a. Inter Connected Terminals b. Intra Common Terminology c. International Communication Technology d. Information and Communication Technology Ans: d Q4. Physical part of computer is called....... 1 a. Hardware b. Software c. Shareware d. None of the above KVS ZIET MYSORE 49  Ans: a Q5. Software that starts working as soon as we switch on a computer is 1 a. RAM b. ROM c. Operating System d. None of the above Ans: c Q6. __________ act as an interface between the user and the computer. 1 a. Operating System b. MS Excel c. Impress d. Digital Documentation Ans: a Q7. Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepad file? 1 a..jpg b..doc c..text d..txt Ans: d Q8. How can an antivirus protect your device? 1 a. It can protect it from overheating. b. It can increase its performance. c. It can prevent data from getting corrupt. d. It can backup data. Ans: d Q9. Which of the following is essential for maintaining a keyboard? 1 a. Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to remove foreign material. b. Blow dust and other particles with help of a blower. c. Use a very dilute combination of soap and water applied with a non-abrasive cloth to remove stains from the keycaps. d. Cover the keyboard whenever not in use Ans: c Q10. When the information is stored or recorded on electronics device, refers to 1 a. Raw form b. Digital form c. Paper form d. None of the above Ans: b Q11. Manisha pressed a key on keyboard that moved the cursor to the 1 beginning of a new line but she did not know which key has been presses KVS ZIET MYSORE 50  by her. Identify the key pressed by her: a. Enter b. Shift c. Ctrl d. Windows Ans: a Q12. Which of the following is not an advantage of cyber security? 1 a. Makes the system slower b. Minimizes computer freezing and crashes c. Gives privacy to users d. Protects system against viruses Ans: a Q13. In which of the following, a person is constantly followed/chased by 1 another person or group of several peoples? a. Phishing b. Bulling c. Stalking d. Identity theft Ans: c Q14. _______ is a type of software designed to help the user's computer detect 1 viruses and avoid them. a. Malware b. Adware c. Antivirus d. Both B and C Ans: c Q15. It is the set of programs that enables your computer's hardware devices 1 and application software to work together a. Management b. Processing c. System Software d. Utility software Ans: c KVS ZIET MYSORE 51  Section -B (2 Mark Questions) Q16. What do you mean by ICT term? 2 Ans: ICT stands for Information and communication technology. It refers to all the tools related to storing, recording and sending digital information. Q17. How can we increase the performance of a computer? 2 Ans: We can increase the performance of system by: 1. Using an updated Antivirus 2. Removing unnecessary files and data such as temporary files and images. Q18. Rama is eager to know about the use of ICT, especially the role of ICT in 2 education, so help her to know more about this term. Ans: Information and Communication technology (ICT) play a significant role in all aspects of modern Society. ICT enables use of innovative resources and renewal of learning methods. It establishes a more active collaboration of students. Simultaneous acquisition of technical knowledge. Q19. Ravi wants to know about the benefits and flaws of ICT, so help him by 2 writing the advantages and disadvantages of Information and Communication technology. Each digital device contains its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of ICT: Enhanced the modes of communication. Better teaching and learning methods Paperless technique Disadvantage of ICT: Teacher requires experience to handle ICT Traditional books and handwritten methods at risk Risk of Cyber-attack and hacking Q20. Aisha is searching some contents related to sports in search engine but 2 during searching help her about how to prevent her data while using the internet? Ans: To protect the data following measures should be take care: Use a strong password in your account. Install antivirus and firewall Keep the information in encrypted format Click only on secure websites during internet surfing. KVS ZIET MYSORE 52  Q21. How to maintain a computer system? 2 Ans: For maintenance of the system keep the following points in mind: Keep the devices clean such as keyboard, screen, CPU etc. Prepare a maintenance schedule such as daily or weekly. Q22. List the various threats to a computer and its data. 2 Ans: The various threats to a computer and its data: Virus Phishing Online theft Cyber crime Hacking Q23. Write the functions of the operating system 2 Ans: The following are the functions of operating system: It checks whether the device is functioning properly. It controls all the software resources. It manages computer memory. It allows you to create, copy and delete files. Q24. Seema is using a laptop and trying to copy data from pen drive but she 2 does not know about how a system gets affected with virus so help her by mentioning a few ways how the system gets infected with virus. Ans: A computer can gets affected with virus in any following ways: Infected files Infected pen drives Infected CD ROM /DVD ROM Through infected files attached in emails Q25. Define hardware and software in Computer systems. 2 Ans: Hardware refers to the physical and visible components of the system such as a monitor, CPU, keyboard and mouse. Software: Software refers to a set of instructions which enable the hardware to perform a specific set of tasks. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. Q26. Why is the CPU calling the “Brain of a computer”? 2 Ans: The CPU is called as Brain of the computer" because the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations in a computer. It acts as the brain of the computer by controlling and coordinating all the operations of the system, including processing data, running programs, and managing hardware resources. Without a CPU, a computer would not be able to function and perform KVS ZIET MYSORE 53  task. Q27. Define antivirus and what is the use of antivirus. 2 Ans: Anti-virus software is a program that protects your email, files, and downloads attached to software. It scans and detects potential threats such as viruses, malware, and spyware, preventing them from infecting your system. It also provides real-time protection by constantly monitoring your computer for any suspicious activity. By regularly updating its virus definitions, it can identify and remove the latest threats Q28. Rishi wants to categorize different types of devices so help him to list any 2 four input, output and storage devices which are used in day to day life. Ans: Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone Output Devices: Monitor, printer, plotter, Speaker Storage Devices: Hard Disk, CD/DVD, Pen Drive, Memory card Q29. How to delete files and folders permanently from the recycle bin window? 2 Ans: 1. Double click on the Recycle bin 2. The Recycle bin window appears 3. Click empty the Recycle Q30. Ravish wants to change his phone but he wants to transfer his old data 2 for later use so suggest him the term regarding this process. Ans: The process through which Ravish can transfer his old data for later use is known as data backup. Backing up data means to save the information present on your computer on another device, such as CD/DVD drives or hard disk. KVS ZIET MYSORE 54  UNIT-4: ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS MIND MAP: Topic 1- Entrepreneurship and Society Entrepreneurs’ Contribution to Society Improve Standard of Living Wealth Creation Accelerate Economic Growth Create Jobs Bring efficiency in society Bring more choices to customers Topic 2- Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur Qualities Functions Confidence Decision Making Innovation Business Management Calculated Risk Financial Management Taking Creativity Risk Analysis Patience Setting Vision for Organisation Perseverance Efficiency in Operations