Animal Physiology Biology 329L (R,W) PDF

Animal Physiology Biology 329L (R, W) Lectures: Tuesdays & Thursdays 10:05-11:20, Gross Hall 103 Labs: Attend your assigned lab section in 073 BioSci (basement level one floor down from main entrance. Labs begin this week!...

Animal Physiology Biology 329L (R, W) Lectures: Tuesdays & Thursdays 10:05-11:20, Gross Hall 103 Labs: Attend your assigned lab section in 073 BioSci (basement level one floor down from main entrance. Labs begin this week! Professor Sheila Patek Wikimedia Commons Lecturer: Dr. Emily Ozdowski Teaching Assistants: Katie Henson and Jackson Savage 1  Class 1 Goals: Establish the distinction between proximate and ultimate causation in physiology. Connect basic and applied animal physiology Key words: research through case Metazoa analysis. physiology proximate causation Class prep: Understand the goals, ultimate causation Read Chapter 1 of scope, and framework of basic research Wikimedia Commons textbook. See this course. applied research Canvas to prepare adaptation and study for class topics and lectures. evolution 2  Lectures Labs Today: YES labs this week!! humans are animals Road map proximate v. ultimate questions in office hours/meetings physiology Slack, Gradescope, OneNote writing workshop First course theme: electrical beings testable hypotheses Analysis of Fundamentals Thursday: using ions to generate and control potential energy proximate function: treating diarrheal diseases popsci.com Tuesday: how to build a neuron with ion gradients and membranes (proximate) the evolutionary origins of neurons thezebrafishlab.com (ultimate) 3 Animal Physiology What is an animal? What is physiology? Wikimedia Commons 4  Humans are animals 5 5 Hillis, Zwickl, and Gutell, University of Texas; Wikimedia commons  Humans are animals Animals = Metazoa 6 Hillis, Zwickl, and Gutell, University of Texas 7 Wikipedia commons What is physiology? Physiology is the study of biological mechanisms at all levels that yield life-sustaining functions. Different branches of physiology examine each level or integrate multiple levels. Moyes and Shulte (2008) In this course, we traverse multiple levels and consider multiple physiological perspectives on animal functions. 8 What is physiology? Physiology examines the mechanisms underlying HOW things work. To understand biological mechanisms, it is necessary to use math, chemistry and physics. Physiology examines the reasons for these mechanisms and WHY they exist. To understand why biological mechanisms exist, it is necessary dreamstime.com to incorporate evolutionary analysis. 9 Why do scientists study animal physiology? Or… The answers revolve around two Why does almost every college broad themes of this course: and university offer this course? 1. Proximate and ultimate Why are billions of research causation dollars spent in this area? 2. Basic and applied research Why not just study human Wikipedia commons physiology? 10  Incorrect: Everyday Correct: Feathers & Flight objects HOW: Feathers are Definitions: HOW: The nose lightweight, adjustable structures that enable Proximate cause (how): supports eye glasses. aerodynamic modifications how a mechanism WHY: An ancestor for flight. works needed vision WHY: Ancestors evolved Ultimate cause (why): correction and the feathers for why a mechanism shape of the nose thermoregulation which operates in a particular evolved to support later were co-opted for way as explained by the glasses. many uses, including flight. mechanism’s evolutionary history Wikimedia: Louise Docker 11  It critical to distinguish between proximate Definitions: and ultimate causes in physiology. Proximate cause (how): how a mechanism Find a neighbor or two: works Come up with an example of a proximate and an Ultimate cause (why): ultimate explanation of a biological phenomenon. why a mechanism operates in a particular State why this example and the distinction way as explained by the between how and why are important for arriving mechanism’s at the correct interpretation. evolutionary history Briefly propose how you might experimentally test whether your distinction between proximate and ultimate is correct or not. 12  Properly connecting the Definitions: proximate and ultimate causes Applied research is: of a physiological system focused on solving existing, human-centric leads to natural transitions problems. from basic to applied not justified by the pursuit of basic knowledge. research. often oriented toward human health, engineering design, agriculture, etc. Basic research is: motivated by curiosity-based and interest-based People cannot foresee the scientific questions. future well enough to predict justified by the goal of increasing human what's going to develop from knowledge and understanding. basic research. If we only did not driven by a product, process or commercial applied research, we would still value of that knowledge. be making better spears. the foundation for future applied research. -Dr. George Smoot (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories) 13  Definitions: Applied research is: focused on solving existing, human-centric problems. not justified by the pursuit of basic knowledge. Discuss! often oriented toward human health, engineering Which type of research design, agriculture, etc. (basic or applied) do you find more compelling? Basic research is: motivated by curiosity-based and interest-based Brainstorm a favorite scientific questions. science example of one or justified by the goal of increasing human both types of research. knowledge and understanding. not driven by a product, process or commercial value of that knowledge. the foundation for future applied research. 14  Applied Research Basic Applied Applied Basic Research Research Research Research New Knowledge 15 Brief overview of Bio 329L See Canvas for more This is an in person class. details. You are responsible for all of the information contained in the syllabus and associated course Wikipedia commons materials. 16  We cover the major topics of a physiology course, with special focus on animals. Wikipedia commons 17  We cover the major topics of a physiology course, with special focus on animals. Wikipedia commons 18 Course goals Assemble the core principles of animal physiology based on a foundation of evolution, physics and chemistry. Connect basic and applied research to establish the broader relevance of animal physiology. Create a continuous learning environment so that students and instructors are consistently aware of forward progress throughout the semester. Wikipedia commons 19  Labs use live animal model systems for hypothesis-driven, independent inquiries. thezebrafishlab.com popsci.com Mussels: Zebrafish: Dynamics of muscle Oxygen metabolism contractions Glucose metabolism Catch-muscle principles Temperature effects Electrical stimulation Effects of food availability or Neurotransmitters excess food consumption 20 L, R, and W codes indicate: L = laboratory R = research W = writing This is a lab-based, research, and writing intensive course. Analysis of Fundamentals assignments integrate the L, Wikipedia commons R, and W components. 21 Analysis of Fundamentals Traditional lab courses: students do pre-arranged, lab- based exercises with prescribed assignments often separate from lecture. 329L: We integrate lecture, lab, writing and research through AoF. Each “Build” of the AoF series integrates what we are learning in lecture with your hypothesis- driven and independent investigations in lab. Each stage is scaffolded through short writing assignments called Builds. By the end of the semester, after you have completed Wikipedia commons the Build series, you will discover that you have already written a nearly fully-vetted and impressive This is really cool. research paper. Trust me. 22 Class Assessments Why are we doing this style of assessments? Students with regular testing exhibit better learning and retention than students in classes with periodic exams. Reviewing and discussing the answer to a test question enhances learning. You know how you are doing throughout the semester – no big surprises, no crash/burn mentality, less stress. We know how you are doing and how we’re doing. We can continually assess how well students have learned the material. How should you prepare for these assessments? Read the textbook and assigned readings before taking the assessment - Wikipedia commons this can happen before lecture, after lecture, or both. Work through previous year’s assessments (posted on Canvas). Try the practice test in each module on Canvas. 23 Cumulative final exam Why have a final exam after a semester of regular assessments? Studies have shown that a final review of course material enhances learning and retention of the material. How should you prepare for final exam? On nearly every Canvas module, we have posted multiple choice questions. Take these quizzes (they do not count toward your grade and course staff do not keep track of how you did). This style of multiple choice question will be used on the final exam and also will be one of class assessment styles each week. The final exam also includes long answer, weekly assessment style Wikipedia commons questions. In other words, the final exam will use the same testing style that you practiced all semester via the weekly assessments. 24 Attendance and participation - Participation is a central to this course. - If you want to have your absence accommodated, you must submit a STINF, or for longer or more major disruptions, course staff will work with you and your Dean to come up with a plan. - The only exceptions are varsity athletes who must submit a NOVAP for accommodation (this is Duke’s policy that we are required to follow). You are responsible for communicating with course staff, following Duke’s rules for absences, and following up in a timely fashion about missed work. - You must submit an official form to Prof. Patek if you want to be accommodated for any aspect of the course. - For each missed lab, up to 10 points are subtracted from final attendance/ Wikipedia commons participation grade. - Additional grade consequences may also occur through associated assignments. 25  Academic integrity Duke’s Community Standard defines plagiarism as follows: “Plagiarism occurs when a student, with intent to deceive or with reckless disregard for proper scholarly procedures, presents any information, ideas or phrasing of another as if they were his/her own and/or does not give appropriate credit to the original source. Proper scholarly procedures require that all quoted material be identified by quotation marks or indentation on the page, and the source of information and ideas, if from another, must be identified and be attributed to that source. Students are responsible Wikipedia commons for learning proper scholarly procedures.” 26 Plagiarism or any other form of academic dishonesty will result in failure for the assignment and possibly the entire course. If you do not agree with the rules outlined here and in the syllabus, then your only option is to not take this class. By enrolling in this class, you are bound to the policies stated here and in the syllabus. Analysis of Fundamentals policy: Plagiarism or related academic dishonesty for any individual Build assignment (Analysis of Fundamentals) will result in failure for the entire Analysis of Fundamentals grade in the course. That means a 0% for the entire Analysis of Fundamentals category, nullifying 32% of the final course grade. Assessments policy: Cheating on any individual assessment will lead to a 0% assigned to the entire assessment category, nullifying 32% of the final course grade. Video monitoring may be used during test taking. Final exam policy: Cheating on the final exam will lead to a 0% assigned to the entire Assessments category, nullifying 53% of the final course grade. Video monitoring may be used during test taking. All cases will be reported to the Office of Student Conduct and handled according to their rules and guidelines. We do not accept Faculty Student Resolutions in this course. ALWAYS ASK! 27