Civil Engineering Tutorial Solutions Week 4 PDF

The University of Sydney School of Civil Engineering CIVIL 3811/9811/8811 – Tutorial Solutions – Week 4 Question 1 Figure Q1.a The overlapping regions are significant. This phenomenon may result in concrete segregation. Over reinforcement may also cause...

The University of Sydney School of Civil Engineering CIVIL 3811/9811/8811 – Tutorial Solutions – Week 4 Question 1 Figure Q1.a The overlapping regions are significant. This phenomenon may result in concrete segregation. Over reinforcement may also cause restrained shrinkage due to locking the concrete in limited spaces between the steel reinforcement. Early-stage cracking might occur on the concrete surface. Not to mention the fact that having too much reinforcement like this makes it much more difficult to work on site and will naturally make it more difficult for workers to ensure that the right amount of concrete has been poured. Figure Q1.b Working in trenches and excavations is hazardous to both the workers who work inside them, and to the workers on the surface. The hazards include: Equipment or excavated soil falling on workers. Flooding or water accumulation. Workers falling into the exposed trenches Figure Q1.c The left and right sides of the project are supported by steel truss member and bolt-mesh- shotcrete. The opposing wall is supported by Ground anchors. Anchors are stressed (active anchorage) to prevent structural movement and they typically transfer their load over a fixed length. Question 2 : Some Potential Solutions REINFROCED CONCRETE PILE WALL: This includes reinforced concrete contiguous (tangent) piled walls and secant piled walls. SHEET PILE WALL: This option may not be perfect in this case, since installing sheet piles can be difficult and costly when driving into rock. GABION CAGE WALL: Gabion cages are an effective solution for small to moderately high walls. ATTACHED MESH WITH VEGETATION: This option involves placing steel mesh against the rock face and inserting deep rock bolts to hold it up. This is a very effective solution for retaining the rock portion of the wall. But it may run into some problems when supporting the soil above the wall. Rock Anchors Mesh PRECAST PANELS: Precast reinforced panels could be placed directly in front of the excavation face and held in place through tie-backs into the rock like the mesh. Because the reinforced concrete is strong the longitudinal spacing between rock anchors can be increased relative to the mesh case. Rock Anchors Precast Concrete Panel