Cinquecento Architecture: Andrea Palladio and St. Peter's Basilica PDF

CINQUECENTO ANDREA PALLADIO ◦In architecture, the Cinquecento is renowned largely because of Andrea Palladio (1508-80), ◦"the most in uential architect of the whole Renaissance." ◦Palladio revolutionized architectural style, particularly in places and churches, by reinterpretin...

CINQUECENTO ANDREA PALLADIO ◦In architecture, the Cinquecento is renowned largely because of Andrea Palladio (1508-80), ◦"the most in uential architect of the whole Renaissance." ◦Palladio revolutionized architectural style, particularly in places and churches, by reinterpreting the principles of Classicism. His innovative approach laid the foundation for what would become one of the enduring legacies in architectural history. ST PETER'S BASILICA ◦largest Christian Church in the world ◦located in the smallest country in the world VATICAN to ◦designed by 12 architects ◦same in height with the Great Pyramid of Giza INTERIOR AREA 15,160 square meters (163,200 square feet) CAPACITY of over 60,000 people. 2 ARCHITECTS OF ST PETER'S BASILICA DONATO BROMANTE INITIAL DESIGN ◦Bramante was commissioned by Pope Julius II 00 00 in 1506 to design the new St. Peter's Basilica, replacing the old Constantinian basilica. CENTRAL PLAN ◦He introduced the concept of a Greek cross 48 (centralized) plan with equal-length arms, crowned by a large central dome, which became 0 the foundation for the basilica's overall design. I MASSIVEDOME  ◦ Bramante envisioned the grand dome, inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, which would later in uence Michelangelo's completion of the dome. GIULIANO DA SANGALLO CONSULTATION ROLE ◦Sangallo served as a consultant and advisor during the early planning stages of St. Peters Basilica, bringing his expertise in classical architecture to the project. COLLABORATION WITH BROMANTE ◦Worked alongside Donato Bromante providing input on the design, especially in re ning the classical elements SUCCESSOR CONSIDERATION ◦After Bramantes death, Sangallo was considered as a potential successor to continue the construction, although he ultimately did not toke on the role. FRA GIACONDO STRUCTURAL EXPERTISE ◦Fra Giocondo, a skilled engineer and architect, was brought in to assess and strengthen the foundation and structural integrity of St. Peter's Basilica after concerns arose about the original plans. REINFORCEMENT OF FOUNDATIONS ◦He focused on reinforcing the foundations and stabilizing the building's early structures, ensuring that the massive basilica could safely support its intended design. RAPHAEL SANZIO APPOINTMENT AS ARCHITECT ◦Appointment as Architect: Raphael was appointed as one of the E D chief architects of St. Peter's Basilica in 1514, following the death of Donato Bramonte. MODIFICATION OF THE PLAN ◦Raphael Modi ed Bramante's original central plan, proposing a more longitudinal layout that included a nave and more expansive IT  space, blending the Greek cross with the Latin cross design. BALDASSARE PERUZZI CONTINUATION OF THE CENTRAL PLAN ◦After the death of Raphael, Peruzzi returned to Bramante's original central plan, emphasizing the Greek cross layout with equal arms, rather than Raphael's longitudinal design. MEET E LEE v Mt 11 ANTONIO DA SANGALLOyounger DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHESIVE PLAN ◦Antonio da Sangallo the younger created a detailed and comprehensive plan for St. Peters's Basilica, combining elements from previous architects' designs, including Bramante, Raphael and Peruzzi, Into a uni ed vision. STRENGTHENING STRUCTURAL DESIGN ◦He focused on reinforcing the structural elements of the basilica, particularly the supporting piers and walls, ensuring they could bear the weight of the enormous dome. DESIGN OF WOODEN MODEL ◦Sangallo built a large, intricate wooden model of his design for St. Peter's, which included a more elaborate and forti ed central dome, as well as detailed plans for the basilica's façade  and interior. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI CHIEF ARCHITECT ROLE ◦ appointed as the chief architect of St. Peter's Basilica in 1546, following the death of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. SIMPLIFICATION OF DESIGN ◦ He simpli ed and uni ed the complex design left by his predecessors, returning to Bramante's original Greek cross plan but with a more robust and monumental approach. REDESIGN OF DOME ◦Michelangelo redesigned the dome, making it taller and more dynamic, which became one of the most iconic features of the basilica. His design drew inspiration 1 11 41 from the Pantheon but introduced a double-shell 1 1 structure for added strength. THE PIETA only side sculpture of Michelangelo Buonarroti Jesus onthe Lapof his mother Mary after thecruxifiction GIACOMO DELLA PORTA ADDITION OF LANTERN ◦He added the lantern atop the dome, further enhancing its height and visual impact, making it one of the most recognizable features of the basilica. DOMENICO FONTANA COMPLETION OF LANTERN ◦Domenico Fontana was responsible for completing the lantern at the top of the dome, following the designs of Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, adding the nishing touches  to this iconic feature. ERECTION OF THE OBELISK ◦Fontana successfully relocated and erected the Vatican Obelisk in St. Peter's Square in 1586, a signi cant engineering feat that aligned the obelisk with the basilica, enhancing the square's grandeur. GIACOMO BAROZZI DA VIGNOLA WATCHDOG ◦Hired as an architect to oversee and make sure that Michelangelo's plans are followed precisely. CARLO MADERNO EXTENSION OF NAVE ◦Maderno was commissioned to extend the nave of St. Peter's Basilica, transforming Michelangelos Greek cross Plan into a Latin cross layout, which aligned with traditional basilica designs and accommodated larger congregations. DESIGN OF THE FACADE ◦designed the grand facade of St. Peter's Basilica, completed in 1612. LOGGIA OF THE BLESSINGS papal Balcony GIAN LORENZO BERNINI DESIGN OF ST PETERS SQUARE ◦Bernini designed the grand elliptical piazza in front of St. Peter's Basilica, known as St. Peter's Square, surrounded by a colonnade that symbolizes the "embracing arms of the church" welcoming the faithful. CREATION OF BALDACHIN ◦He designed and constructed the monumental bronze baldachin (canopy) over the main altar of the basilica, which marks the tomb of St. Peter and is one of the most iconic features of the interior. ADDITION OF THE COLONNADE  ◦ Bernini added the grand colonnade, which consists of 284 columns and 88 pilasters arranged in a circular formation, enhancing the sense of scale and drama as visitors approach the basilica. ST PETER'S SQUARE CONSTANTINE CHARLAMAGNE CATHEDRA PETRI The Cathedra Petri, or the Chair of St. Peter, is a monumental bronze and gilded sculpture created by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, located in the apse of St. Peter's Basilica. It symbolizes the papal authority and houses the relic of St. Peter's ancient wooden chair, surrounded by dynamic Baroque gures and a radiant window, representing the divine guidance of the Church. OTHER STRUCTURES APOSTOLIC PALACE ◦The Apostolic Palace, also known as the Papal Palace or the Vatican Palace, is the o cial residence of the Pope. It is located within Vatican City and serves as the administrative and spiritual center of the Catholic Church. DONATE BROMANTE He began the renovation and expansion of the palace in the early 16th century under Pope Julius Il, including the design of the Courtyard of the Pigna.  Michelangelo contributed to the design and transformation of various parts of the palace, including the completion of Bramante's designs and the development of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. THE CREATION OF ADAM ◦The Creation of Adam, also known as The Creation of Man, is a fresco painting by Italian artist Michelangelo, which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling FRANCESCO BORROMINI in the 17th century, Borromini was involved in the renovation and decoration of the palace, particularly in the development of the Sala Real, and other interior spaces