Environmental Science Module 6 PDF

Environmental Science 6 Humans and Biodiversity Crisis MS. CARLA JHOY JOCSON  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Humans and Biodiversity Crisis Discover the ways humans have shaped the earth Describe the factors of population growth Explain carr...

Environmental Science 6 Humans and Biodiversity Crisis MS. CARLA JHOY JOCSON  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Humans and Biodiversity Crisis Discover the ways humans have shaped the earth Describe the factors of population growth Explain carrying capacity and how it is affected by population  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Population A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time. NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION ECOLOGY Population ecology is the study of these and other questions about what factors affect population and how and why a population changes over time. Population ecology has its deepest historic roots, and its richest development, in the study of population growth, regulation, and dynamics, or demography. NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CARRYING CAPACITY  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CARRYING CAPACITY Factors that Determine the Carrying Capacity the availability of raw materials the availability of energy the accumulation of waste products and their means of disposal interactions among organisms The total of all of these forces acting together to limit populations size is known as environmental resistance, and certain limiting factors have a primary role in limiting the size of a population. In some cases, these limiting factors are easy to identify and may involve lack of food, lack of oxygen, competition with other species, or disease.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LIMITING FACTOR Amount of water Weather Amount of food Disease Competition Parasitism Predation Amount of living space/ shelter  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Birth rate/ Natality Rate: Natality refers to the number of individuals added to the population through reproduction. Birth rate is the number of individuals born per one thousand individuals in the population per year The current birth rate for Philippines in 2020 is 20.177 births per 1000 people, a 0.98% decline from 2019. The birth rate for Philippines in 2019 was 20.377 births per 1000 people, a 0.97% decline from 2018.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Death Rate/ Mortality Rate: refers to the number of deaths in a given period of time. Factors that affect Death Rate Life Span: the longest time the organism is capable of living. Physiological Age: also called biological age, is a measure of how well or poorly your body is functioning relative to your actual calendar age. Ecological Age: the  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Density: is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume Types of Population Density Crude Density: the total count of organisms in a given place. Ecological Density: measure in terms of the amount of area available as living space. it includes only that portion of land that can actually be colonized by the species.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Sex Ratio: the proportion of the number of males over females.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Sex Ratio: the proportion of the number of males over females.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROPERTIES OF POPULATION Reproductive Age: age when an organism is capable of child bearing Reproductive Ages Pre- reproductive age: the life stage where a female is incapable of bearing a child. Reproductive age: the life stage where the female is capable of bearing a child Post-reproductive age: the life stage where the female is beyond the age of giving birth  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION GROWTH CURVE A growth curve is a way to visually represent the growth of some phenomena over time, either in the past or into the future or both. Population growth tends to follow a particular pattern, consisting of a lag phase, an exponential growth phase, and a stable equilibrium phase.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION GROWTH CURVE S-Shaped Growth Curve (Sigmoid Curve) When a species is introduced into a new habitat, the population grows exponentially until the individuals become numerous. The further increase in their number is checked by the environmental resistance factors that the population growth declines until zero population growth is reached. (i.e. constant) and it becomes stable (K).  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION GROWTH CURVE J-Shaped Growth Curve The population increases whenever there is an increase in birth rate over death rate. The factors of environmental resistance do not check population growth or stabilize the growth (zero growth not established) then a J-shaped curve is obtained.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FACTORS CONTROLLING POPULATION GROWTH Geographic Factor: Like climate, soil, water, mineral resources, transportation etc. Demographic Factor: Like birth rates (natality), death rates (mortality), sex ratio etc. Socio-Economic Factor: Like marriages, job availability, resources etc.  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CAUSES OF DECLINE IN POPULATION GROWTH Better medical and family planning facilities. The low death and high birth rates. The educated people who know about ‘the abuses of overpopulation have small family. Famines in a country or state lead to destruction. Natural calamities like floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, hurricanes etc. lead to death of thousands of people. Epidemic diseases, endemic diseases wipe a big number of populations. Wars causing heavy casualties. NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION EXPLOSION  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POPULATION EXPLOSION Consequences of population explosion: It can lead to depletion of resources. Severe competition for food and space. Increase in psychological stress and strain. Rapid pollution of environment. Large scale unemployment  NO. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MEASURES TO CONTROL OVERPOPULATION To educate the people about the abuses of overpopulation (Population education), food production, self-employment. To provide free family planning aids (Family planning methods). Motivating people to undergo sterilization process (Birth control). More incentives to families observing family planning norms (Limited family) By imposing legal restrictions (by laws). NO. 6 Environmental Science