CHN Midterms PDF

THE **FAMILY** - basic unit of the society - - - - - - - - - TYPES OF FAMILY: - - - - - - - - - - FAMILY AS A CLIENT: - - - **Family of Procreation** - refers to the family, you yourself created. **Family of Orientation** - refers to the family w...

THE **FAMILY** - basic unit of the society - - - - - - - - - TYPES OF FAMILY: - - - - - - - - - - FAMILY AS A CLIENT: - - - **Family of Procreation** - refers to the family, you yourself created. **Family of Orientation** - refers to the family where you came from. **Patriarchal** - full authority on the father or any male member of the family. (Eg. Eldest son, grandfather.) **Matriarchal** - full authority on the mother or any female mother of the family. (E.g. eldest sister, grandmother.) **Egalitarian** - husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and mother decides. **Democratic** - everybody involve in decision making. **Laissez-faire** - full autonomy. **Matricentric** - the mother decides/takes charge in absence of the father. (E.g. father is working overseas). **Patricentric** - the father decides/takes charge in absence of mother. FAMILY AS A SYSTEM: - - - FUNCTIONS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. FAMILY TASKS: - - - - - - - - FAMILY HEALTH TASKS: - - - - - - CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY FAMILY: - - - - - - FAMILY NURSING PROCESS: **Family Health Assessment** - family nursing is not a new concept and has been taught in schools of nursing since Nightingale's "district nursing" concept (Cook, 1919) and Lillian Wald's (1904) principles on how to nurse families in the home. The family is composed of many subsystems and, in turn, is tied to many formal and informal systems outside it. **Nursing Assessment** - data collective, data analysis or interpretation and problem definition or nursing diagnosis: 1. 2. TOOLS FOR ASSESSMENT: DATA BASE: - - - TOOLS FOR ASSESSMENT / FAMILY NURSING DIAGNOSIS: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FORMULATING FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - STEPS IN DEVELOPING A FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NOTES: - - - - - - - - - - PRIORITIZING HEALTH CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS: - - **Scale for ranking health conditions and problems according to priorities** - a devised tool, aims to facilitate decision-making in determining which particular health conditions and their corresponding nursing problems can be addressed by the nurse with the family as client partner at appropriate points in time. FOUR CRITERIA FOR PRIORITIZING: 1. 2. 3. 4. FACTORS THAT WOULD AFFECT THE PRIORITY SETTING: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GOALS: - - - OBJECTIVES: - - - - - - - - GOALS: - - - - - - - BARRIERS TO THE GOAL-SETTING: - - - - - - REASONS FOR NOT DOING ANY ACTION: - - - - - - - - - - TIME SPAN OF OBJECTIVES: - - - - - - - SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE NURSING INTERVENTIONS - - - - - - - - - - - **Developing the Evaluation Plan** - specifies how the nurse will determine achievement of the outcomes of care. - **Evaluation Phase** - continuous critiquing of each aspect of the nursing process. - - **Formative Evaluation** - occurs during the course of the nurse-family relationship - - **Summative Evaluation** - occurs at the end of the nurse- family relationship. - - **Documentation** - Family Service and Progress Record (FSPR) - - TOOLS OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE: - - PHN BAG CONTENTS: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **-----\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--** **Immunization** - is the process where a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious diseases, typically by the administration of a vaccine. **Vaccines** - stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. **Immunity** - refers to protection from disease through the reformation of antibodies. TWO (2) BASIC MECHANISMS FOR ACQUIRING IMMUNITY: 1. 2. WAYS OF PRODUCING ACTIVE IMMUNITY INCLUDE: - - IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VACCINATION IS INFLUENCED BY: - - - - - - - TYPES OF VACCINATIONS: 1. - - - - - - - - 2. - - - - - - **Timing and** **Spacing in administering vaccines** - are the two most important considerations in ensuring optimal results. 1. a. b. 2. a. b. c. d. CLIENT PREPARATION AND CARE: - - - - - - - - INFECTION CONTROL: - - - ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES: 1. - - - - - 2. - - 3. - - - - - - 4. - - - ADMINISTERING MULTIPLE VACCINES AT THE SAME TIME: - - - - - **Contraindication and Precautions** - identify situations when vaccines should not be given. - - - **Absolute Contraindication** - reasons why a specific vaccine should NEVER be administered. - **Temporary Contraindication** - times when you should delay giving the vaccine for a short period of time. - - VACCINES AVAILABLE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND RECOMMENDED BY DOH FOR USE AGAINST VPDs: 1. - - - - - - - - - - ADMINISTRATION: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type of Vaccine | **Live Bacterial** | +===================================+===================================+ | No. Of Doses | **1 dose** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Schedule | Given preferably 90 minutes after | | | birth. | | | | | | Areas with high TB infection | | | incidence should routinely | | | immunize infants with a single | | | dose of BCG at birth. | | | | | | If not given at birth, BCG may be | | | given at the infant's first | | | contact with the health system | | | before turning one year old. | | | | | | BCG immunization of infants born | | | of mothers positive for TB should | | | be delayed and should be given | | | after one month after negative | | | PPD Test. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Booster | **none** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contraindications | **Known HIV infection and there | | | immune deficiency** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dosage | **0.05ml** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Site | **Outer upper arm or shoulder | | | just below the deltoid** | | | | | | Health workers must administer | | | BCG in the SAME PLACE on every | | | child so that their colleagues | | | know where to look for the BCG | | | scar. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Type | **Intradermal (ID) injection** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | Store between +2Celcius to | | | +8Celcius (vaccine maybe frozen | | | for long-term storage but not the | | | diluent) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 2. - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)** - - - - - - - - ADMINISTRATION: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type of Vaccine | **Live, attenuated virus,Oral | | | (OPV)** | | | | | | **Inactivated virus, Injectable | | | (IPV** | +===================================+===================================+ | Number of doses | **Three to Four doses** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Schedule (OPV + IPV) | **6, 10, 14 weeks** | | | | | | **Three OPV doses initiated form | | | six weeks of age with minimum | | | intervals of four weeks;** | | | | | | **AnIPV doses should be given | | | from 14 weeks of age (OPV | | | doses)** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Sequential IPV + OPV | **1-2 doses of IPV starting from | | | two months of age, followed by at | | | least two doses of OPV; an | | | interval of 4-8 weeks is required | | | between all doses.** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | IPV only | **Three doses beginning at two | | | months of age, with an interval | | | of 4-8 weeks between doses** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Special precautions | **Postpone vaccination if the | | | child has moderate to severe | | | illness (with temperature greater | | | than 39 Celcius)** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contraindications | **Known hypersensitivity | | | (allergy) or anaphylaxis to a | | | previous dose.** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Adverse reactions | **OPV - rare vaccine-associated | | | paralytic polio (VAPP)** | | | | | | **IPV - no known serious | | | reactions; mild injection site | | | actions do occur** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dosage | **OPV: two (2) drops into the | | | mouth** | | | | | | **IPV: 0.5 ml** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Site | **IPV: Left upper thigh (outer | | | part)** | | | | | | **OPV: Given orally through | | | mouth** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Type | **IPV: Intramuscular** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | **OPV: must be kept frozen from | | | -15C to -25C.** | | | | | | **IPV: must not be freezed. | | | Stored from +2C to +8C.** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 3. - - - - ADMINISTRATION: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type of Vaccine | **Pentavalent Vaccine** | +===================================+===================================+ | Number of Doses | **Three doses.** | | | | | | Pentavalent Vaccine given as 3 | | | dose infancy schedule however | | | some vaccines such as Diphtheria | | | and Tetanus need booster doses. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Schedule | **Given at 6, 10, 14 weeks of | | | age.** | | | | | | Pentavalent starting at six weeks | | | (minimum) with Pentavalent 2 and | | | Pentavalent 3 at intervals of | | | four weeks (minimum) after each | | | dose. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contraindications | **Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity | | | (allergy) after a previous dose** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Adverse Reactions | **Mild local and systemic | | | reactions are common** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Special Precautions | **Do not use as a birth dose** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dosage | **0.5 ml** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Site | **Right Outer Upper Thigh** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Type | **Intramuscular** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | **Store between +2C to +8C. Never | | | freeze the vaccine** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 4. - - - ADMINISTRATION: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type of Vaccine | **Pneumococcal Polysaccharide and | | | Pneumococcal Conjugate** | +===================================+===================================+ | Number of Doses | **PCV: Three (3) doses for | | | infants** | | | | | | **PPV: one dose for adults** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Schedule | **PCV: 6, 10, 14 Weeks of age for | | | infants** | | | | | | **PPV: at 60 and 65 years old for | | | adults** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contraindications | **Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity | | | (allergy) ftr a previous dose** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Adverse Reactions | **Severe: none known** | | | | | | **Mild: Injection site reactions | | | and fever** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Special Precautions | **Postpone vaccination if the | | | child has moderate to severe | | | illness (with tmperatur greater | | | than 39C)** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dosage | **0.5 ml** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Site | **INFANTS: Anterolateral (outer) | | | part of the left thigh vastus | | | lateralis)** | | | | | | **ADULTS: Upper arm (deltoid)** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Type | **Intramuscular (IM)** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | **Store between +2C to +8C** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 5. - - ADMINISTRATION: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type of Vaccine | **Live Attenuated Viral** | +===================================+===================================+ | Number of Doses | **Two (2) doses** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Schedule | **Childhood Dose of MMR: 9 months | | | and 12 months** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Booster | **In Philippines, booster doses | | | are given at school age children | | | at grade1 and grade 7** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contraindications | **For Measles Containing Vaccine | | | (MCV)** | | | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Adverse Reactions | **Mild: Fever, Rash 5-12 days | | | following administration** | | | | | | **Serious: Thrombocytopenia | | | (decreased platelets), | | | Anaphylaxis, Encephalitis** | | | | | | **Joint pain when Rubella | | | Containing Vaccine (RCV) is given | | | to adult women; Parotitis with | | | Mumps component.** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Special Precautions | **None** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dosage | **0.5 ml** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Site | **Upper arm** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Injection Type | **Subcutaneous** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | **Store between +2C to +8C** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+