Introductory Chemistry PDF

Introductory Chemistry Seventh Edition Chapter 6 (sections3+4) MMM (mass, moles...

Introductory Chemistry Seventh Edition Chapter 6 (sections3+4) MMM (mass, moles, molecules) Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved  The Information in a Chemical Formula, along with the Masses of Atoms or Molecules, Can Be Used to Calculate the Amount of any given ___________in a ________________ How much iron is in a How much chlorine is in a given amount of iron ore? given amount of a chlorofluorocarbon? Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Counting by Weighing: Atoms by the Gram (1 of 2) With atoms, we must use their ______as a way to count them. Atoms are too __________and too numerous to count individually. Even if you could see atoms and counted them 24 hours a day as long as you lived, you would barely begin to count the number of atoms in something as small as a ________________. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Counting by Weighing: Atoms by the Gram (2 of 2) For example, with donuts, we use a dozen as a convenient number in quantifying. A “dozen” is too _______to use with atoms. We need a ___________number because atoms are so small. The chemist’s “dozen” is called the ________ (mol). Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Avogadro’s Number _____mole of anything is units of that thing. This number is called ____________________, named after Amadeo Avogadro (1776–1856). One mole of marbles corresponds to One mole of sand grains corresponds to Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved One Mole of Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Generally Makes Up Objects of ___________Size _____ copper pennies _____large helium balloons contain about 1 mol of contain approximately 1 mol copper (Cu) atoms. of helium (He) atoms. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Size of the Mole Is a Measured Quantity The numerical value of the mole is defined as being equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of pure carbon-12. This definition of the mole establishes a relationship between _______(grams of carbon) and __________________(Avogadro’s number). This relationship allows us to count atoms by obtaining their mass. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Moles to Number of Atoms (1 of 2) Convert 3.5 mol helium to a number of helium atoms. Given: 3.5 mol He Find: He atoms Relationship Used Solution Map Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Moles to Number of Atoms Convert 3.5 mol helium to a number of helium e atoms. Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Number of Atoms to Moles (1 of 2) Convert silver atoms to moles of silver. Given: Find: mol Ag Solution Map Relationships Used Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Number of Atoms to Moles (2 of 2) Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved These Pictures Have the Same Number of Nails. The Weight of One Dozen Nails Changes for Different Nails Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved These Pictures Have the Same Number of Atoms. The Weight of One Mole of Atoms Changes for Different Elements Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Molar Mass and Atomic Mass The _________mass unit (amu) is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. The ______mass of any element—the mass of 1 mol e of atoms of that element—is _________to the atomic mass of that element expressed in atomic mass units. One copper atom has an atomic mass of ____ amu. 1 mol of copper atoms has a mass of ______ g. e rams The molar mass of copper is _______________. e Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Molar Mass The mass of 1 mol of atoms changes for different e elements: The _________the atom, the ______mass there is in 1 ______of the atom. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Moles (1 of 2) Calculate the number of moles of carbon in a 0.58 g diamond (pure carbon). Given: 0.58 g Crams Find: mol Ce Solution Map Relationships Used Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Moles (2 of 2) Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Number of Atoms (1 of 2) How many aluminum atoms are in an aluminum can with a mass of 16.2 g? Given: 16.2 grams Al Find: Al atoms Solution Map Relationships Used Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Number of Atoms (2 of 2) Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Counting Molecules by the Gram For elements, the molar mass is the mass of 1 mol of _______of that element. For compounds, the molar mass is the mass of 1 mol of ________ of that compound. (technically, Ionic compounds do not contain individual molecules. So, the text refers to the smallest units of ionic compounds as formula units.) First, we convert the _______of a compound to ______of the compound, and then we calculate the number of _____________(or formula units) from moles. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Moles of a Compound (1 of 3) The molar mass of a compound in _________ is numerically _________to the molecular weight of the compound in atomic mass units (amu). The molecular weight for a compound is the ______of the atomic masses of the atoms in a chemical formula (….text calls this formula mass…) Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Moles of a Compound (2 of 3) Calculate the mass (in g) of 1.75 mol of water. Given: Find: Solution Map Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Grams and Moles of a Compound (3 of 3) Calculate the mass (in g) of 1.75 mol of water. Relationships Used: Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Number of Molecules and Mass of a Compound (1 of 2) What is the mass of molecules of NO2? Given: molecules Find: Solution Map Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Converting Between Number of Molecules and Mass of a Compound (2 of 2) What is the mass of molecules of NO2? Relationships Used: Solution Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved  RECALL: Elements That Occur as Diatomic Molecules Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Review The Mole The mole is a specific number (_________) that allows us to easily count atoms or molecules by weighing them. 1 mole of any element has a mass equal to its atomic mass in grams. 1 moleof any compound has a mass equal to its molecular weight (aka molecular mass) in grams. The mass of 1 mole of an element or compound is its molar mass. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Review Chemical Formulas and Chemical Composition Chemical formulas indicate the relative number of each kind of element in a compound. These numbers are based on atoms or molecules. By using molar masses, the information in a chemical formula can be used to determine the relative masses of each kind of element in a compound. The total mass of a sample of a compound can be related to the masses of the elements in the compound. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved MMM ROADMAP: Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved