Chemistry For Engineers Finals Reviewer PDF

\ SAMPLE PROBLEMS: 22. Write a balanced equation that represents the roasting of copper(I) sulfide (Cu₂S) to form "blister 1. How many elements do we ha...

\ SAMPLE PROBLEMS: 22. Write a balanced equation that represents the roasting of copper(I) sulfide (Cu₂S) to form "blister 1. How many elements do we have in the Periodic copper". Calculate the ∆Gᵒ at 200ᵒC of the reaction. Table of Elements? o Cu₂S + O₂ → 2Cu + SO₂ o 118 elements (To calculate ∆G°, we need thermodynamic 2. Group 1 of Elements are known as the ___________ data, which is not provided here.) metals. 23. 5 Types of Chemical Hazard: o Alkali metals o Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic, Reactive, and 3. Group 2 of Elements are known as the ___________ Carcinogenic metals. 24. 4 Major Routes of Entry of Chemicals: o Alkaline earth metals o Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin absorption, 4. The word "alkali" received its name from the Arabic Injection word "al qali" meaning ___________. 25. Give 1 primary requirement for container labelling. o Ashes o The label must clearly indicate the contents 5. Write the reaction of lithium with cold water. of the container. o 2Li(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H₂(g) 26. What is the percentage of Oxygen in the Earth's 6. Write the reaction of magnesium with steam. atmosphere? o Mg(s) + H₂O(g) → MgO(s) + H₂(g) o 21% 7. Write the reaction of calcium with cold water. 27. Enumerate the 5 layers of the atmosphere. o Ca(s) + 2H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g) o Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, 8. Write the equation for the formation of lithium Thermosphere, Exosphere hydride. 28. In which layer of the atmosphere do satellites usually o 2Li(s) + H₂(g) → 2LiH(s) orbit? 9. Write the equation for the formation of calcium o Thermosphere hydride. 29. It is the “final frontier” of the Earth’s gaseous o Ca(s) + H₂(g) → CaH₂(s) envelope. 10. What is the chemical formula for sodium peroxide? o Exosphere o Na₂O₂ 30. It is the gradual increase in the overall temperature 11. What is the chemical formula for magnesium oxide? of the Earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the o MgO greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of 12. What is the chemical formula for magnesium carbon dioxide chlorofluorocarbons and other hydroxide? pollutants. o Mg(OH)₂ o Global warming 13. What is the product when nickel reacts with oxygen? 31. It is produced when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide o Nickel oxide (NiO) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by 14. All the transition metals react spontaneously with wind and air currents. dilute solutions of such strong acids as HCl HBr o Acid rain H₂SO₄. The product are_________ and a ________ of 32. It is a type of smog produced when ultraviolet light the transition metal. from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in the o Hydrogen gas and a salt of the transition atmosphere. It is visible as a brown haze and is most metal prominent during the morning and afternoon 15. How many elements in groups 3 through 12 of the especially in densely populated warm cities. periodic table are called "transition metals"? o Photochemical smog o 38 elements 33. It is the thin layer of material covering the Earth's 16. It has the highest melting point of any metallic surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. element. o Soil o Tungsten (W) 34. Enumerate the 8 Factors affecting the formation of 17. Give 1 example of magnetic metals. soil. o Iron (Fe) o Parent material, Climate, Topography, 18. It is the only liquid metal at room temperature. Organisms, Time, Human activity, o Mercury (Hg) Vegetation, Water content 19. Give 1 example of coinage metals. 35. Enumerate 6 Types of Soil. o Copper (Cu) o Sandy, Silty, Clay, Peaty, Chalky, Loamy 20. It is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired 36. Soil alkalinity/Alkaline soil is referred to by some metal has been separated (i.e. smelted) from its raw gardeners as ______. ore. o Sweet soil o Slag 37. It is a substance composed of the chemical elements 21. Write a balanced equation to show the formation of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms existing in gaseous, gas bubbles when nickel reacts with hydrochloric liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most plentiful acid (HCl). and essential of compounds. o Ni(s) + 2HCl(aq) → NiCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) o Water (H₂O) 38. It is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. o Turbidity 39. What is the percentage of water in the average adult 57. 2 types of polymers. person? o Natural polymers and synthetic polymers o 60-70% 58. The symbol used is “LDPE #4” indicating low density 40. Water’s attraction to other water molecules. polyethylene. o Cohesion o Low-density polyethylene 41. It means love of water. 59. It is referred to in the recycling business as o Hydrophilic high-density polyethylene represented by the symbol 42. It means fear of water. “HDPE #2” on the bottom of a plastic bottle. o Hydrophobic o High-density polyethylene 43. Process that uses electricity to separate chemical 60. Three ways to form vinyl chloride molecules to add compounds. to one another. o Electrolysis o Addition polymerization, Free-radical 44. About ____ percentage of Earth's surface is covered polymerization, Ionic polymerization with water. 61. Give some examples of addition polymers. o 71% o Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene 45. Are (usually) poor conductors of heat and electricity 62. 3 classification of carbohydrates. and are not malleable or ductile. o Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, o Non-metals Polysaccharides 46. Enumerate the 5 Halogens. 63. Give the chemical formula of: glucose, maltose, and o Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, cellulose. Astatine o Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆ 47. How many non-metals do we have in the periodic Maltose: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ table of elements? Cellulose: (C₆H₁₀O₅)n o 18 64. It is a natural polymer that makes up about 15% by 48. Give the molecular formula of the following: mass of our bodies. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur. o Proteins o Nitrogen: N₂ 65. Also called 'building blocks' of proteins. Phosphorus: P₄ o Amino acids Sulfur: S₈ 49. It is a measure of an atom's ability to attract the shared electrons of a covalent bond to itself. o Electronegativity 50. Identify if True or False: o a. Nonmetals tend to oxidize metals. True o b. Nonmetals with relatively large electronegativities oxidize substances with which they react. True o c. Nonmetals with relatively low electronegativities can reduce other substances. True 51. What is the chemical formula of Hydrazine? o N₂H₄ 52. Give an example of solid fuels. o Coal 53. Give an example of liquid fuel. o Diesel 54. Give an example of gas fuel. o Methane (CH₄) 55. These nanomaterials include quantum dots, nanogold, nanosilver, and metal oxides such as titanium dioxide. o Metal-based nanomaterials 56. These nanomaterials are composed mostly of carbon, most commonly taking the form of hollow spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes. These particles have many potential applications including improved films and coatings, stronger and lighter materials, and applications in electronics. o Carbon-based nanomaterials