Chem Polymers PDF

Classification, Functionality and their types, Plastics(synthesis,properties {Addition polymers- LDPE,HDPE,LLDPE,UHMWPE, Vinyl plastics(condensation polymers)- Nylon, Phenolformaldehyde resins & glyptals, Speciality poly...

Classification, Functionality and their types, Plastics(synthesis,properties {Addition polymers- LDPE,HDPE,LLDPE,UHMWPE, Vinyl plastics(condensation polymers)- Nylon, Phenolformaldehyde resins & glyptals, Speciality polymers, Engineering thermoplastics, conducting polymers, Electroluminiscent polymers, Liquid crystalline polymers, biodegradable polymers POLYMERS Plastic Recycling Symbol #2: HDPE HDPE (high density polyethylene) is a versatile plastic with many uses, especially when it comes to packaging. It carries low risk of leaching and is readily recyclable into many types of goods. Found in: Milk jugs; juice bottles; bleach, detergent and other household cleaner bottles; shampoo bottles; some trash and shopping bags; motor oil bottles; butter and yogurt tubs; cereal box liners How to recycle it: HDPE can often be picked up through most curbside recycling programs, although some allow only containers with necks. Flimsy plastics (like grocery bags and plastic wrap) usually can't be recycled, but some stores will collect and recycle them. Recycled into: Laundry detergent bottles, oil bottles, pens, recycling containers, floor tile, drainage pipe, lumber, benches, doghouses, picnic tables, fencing, shampoo bottles A wide variety of plastic resins that don't fit into the previous categories are lumped into this one. Polycarbonate is number seven plastic, and it's the clear hard plastic that has worried parents after studies have shown BPA, one of its building blocks, is a hormone disruptor. PLA (polylactic acid), which is made from plants and is carbon neutral, also falls into this category Found in: Three- and five-gallon water bottles, bullet-proof materials, sunglasses, DVDs, iPod and computer cases, signs and displays, certain food containers, nylon How to recycle it: These other plastics are traditionally not recycled, so don't expect your local provider to accept them. The best option is to consult your municipality's website for specific instructions. Recycled into: Plastic lumber and custom-made products  LDPE & HDPE With LDPE, there is there is a high degree of branching, which means that the polymer has a less compact molecular structure leading to a lower density and greater flexibility. Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low- density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. The difference in strength exceeds the difference in density, giving HDPE a higher specific strength.  Melting Point As the length of hydrocarbons get longer, the Melting Point grows Higher. Why? The reason that longer chain molecules have higher boiling points is that longer chain molecules become wrapped around and enmeshed in each other much like the strands of spaghetti. Melting and Boiling Temperatures of Alkanes 600 500 400 Tempurature (˚C) 300 Boiling Point (˚C) Melting Point(˚C) 200 100 0 -100 -200 -300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Number of Carbons Chain Length: 4,000 – 5,000 PVC – (polyvinyl chloride) More Polar → Stronger Bonding Chain Length: 4,000 – 8,000 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) “Polyester” Ester Nylon  Cotton Long Strands of Cellulose + Hydrogen Bonds Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth! It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.  Polymers in Starch Biology DNA Sugar Proteins  Kevlar Strong Network of Covalent Bonds And Polar Hydrogen Bonds  Time for another Activity! How can we test which material is stronger?  Endless Possibilities New Functional Groups Different Polymer Backbones Functional Groups POLYMERS Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Boron-Nitrogen (B – N) Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Boron-Nitrogen (B – N) Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N) … … On and on  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstructpropertiesrev3.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm