Carbonyl Compounds & Carboxylic Acids PDF

# UNIT | Contents ----------|------------ I | **Carbonyl Compounds** | - Nomenclature. Structure of carbonyl group. General methods of preparation and properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. | - Acidity of a-hydrogen. Chemical reactions- Haloform reaction. | - Nucleophilic addition reac...

# UNIT | Contents ----------|------------ I | **Carbonyl Compounds** | - Nomenclature. Structure of carbonyl group. General methods of preparation and properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. | - Acidity of a-hydrogen. Chemical reactions- Haloform reaction. | - Nucleophilic addition reactions. Addition of ammonia derivatives. | - Condensation reactions- Mechanism of Aldol and Cannizarro reactions. | - Oxidation Reaction with Tollen's and Fehling's reagents. | - Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones. | - Reduction by MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner and Metal Hydrides (LiAlH₄ Vs. NaBH4). | - Aromatic Aldehydes: Benzaldehyde - Preparation and properties - Claisen, Perkin, Benzoin and Knoevenagel reactions. | - Aromatic Ketones: Preparation, properties and reactions of Acetophenone, Benzophenone and p-Benzoquinone. II | **Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives** | - Preparation and reactions. | - Acidity of carboxylic acid. | - Effect of substituents on the acidity. | - Conversion to functional derivatives. | - Reduction. | - HVZ reaction. | - Preparation and reactions of Acrylic acid, Benzoic acid and Cinnamic acid. | - Substituted acids: Preparation and reactions of Glycolic acid, Lactic acid, Salicylic acid, Anthranilic acid. | - Action of heat on a, B- and y- hydroxy- and amino acids. | - Saturated dicarboxylic acids: Preparation and reactions of Oxalic, Malonic, and Succinic acids. | - Action of heat on dicarboxylic acids. | - Phthalic acid, Phthalic anhydride and Phthalimide. | - Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids: Preparation and reactions of Maleic and Fumaric acids. III | **Polycyclic Hydrocarbons** | - Isolated Systems: Diphenyl and Diphenylmethane. Preparation and reactions | - Fused ring systems: Preparation and reactions of Naphthalene, Anthracene and Phenanthrene. | - Structural elucidation of Naphthalene and Anthracene. | - Preparation and reactions of Naphthols, Naphthylamines and Anthraquinone. | - Carcinogenic hydrocarbons. Preparation and properties of Methylcholanthrene. IV | **Nitrogen Compounds** | - Aromatic Nitro compounds - Nitrobenzene. | - Preparation and reactions. | - Reduction products of Nitrobenzene. | - Amines: Classification. | - Preparation and reactions. | - Basicity of amines. | - Separation of a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. | - Basicity of aliphatic amines. | - Effect of substituents on the basicity of aromatic amines. | - Aliphatic diazo compounds: Diazomethane, Diazoacetic ester. | - Preparation and reactions. | - Benzenediazonium chloride: Preparation and reactions. V | **Amino acids, peptides and Proteins** | - Aminoacids - definition, classification, structure - Zwitter ion - isoelectric point - separation of aminoacids: electrophoresis. | - Preparation and reaction of amino acids: Glycine, Alanine. | - Peptides: Nomenclature, classification and structure. | - Determination of structure of peptide, end group analysis, synthesis of peptides. | - Proteins- Classification according to composition and function, colour tests of proteins. | - Protein structure (1º, 2º, 3º and 4°).