Characteristics of Life PDF
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Jhayvee Anggati
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Summary
These notes cover the characteristics of life, including cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, adaptation, homeostasis, and evolution. The document also discusses the concepts of unicellular and multicellular organisms, and metabolic processes, including anabolism, catabolism, and photosynthesis. It further explains growth and development, and types of reproduction. Finally, it looks at the various ways living things respond to their environments including chemotaxis, phototaxis, rheotaxis, negative responses.
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Characteristics of Life Biology – comes from the greek word: “bios” meaning life and “logos” means study in layman’s term “Scientific study of LIFE”. All Living Things Share Some Basic Properties Cellular Organization Reproduction Metabolism (Obtain & Use of Energy) Responsiveness Growth...
Characteristics of Life Biology – comes from the greek word: “bios” meaning life and “logos” means study in layman’s term “Scientific study of LIFE”. All Living Things Share Some Basic Properties Cellular Organization Reproduction Metabolism (Obtain & Use of Energy) Responsiveness Growth and Development Adapt to their Environment Homeostasis Evolution All Living Things Are Made Up of Cells – smallest unit capable of all life functions. a. Unicellular Organisms - Entire organism is made up of one single cell - Bacteria and protists b. Multicellular Organisms - Entire organism is made up of many or more cells - Cells have specialized functions within the organism Metabolic Processes – involves total of all chemical reaction and energy changes that takes place within the animal. All Living Things Obtain & Use Energy – living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage and reproduce. a. Metabolism – The total of all chemical reactions in an organism. Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism b. Anabolism – The process of BUILDING UP complex substances from simpler substances CONSTRUCTIVE metabolism concern with energy storage. Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis c. Catabolism – The process of BREAKING DOWN complex substances into simpler substances to release energy. DESTRUCTIVE metabolism, concern with energy expenditure. Digestion Cellular Respiration 2 Generative Processes Growth & Development – increase in size & shape of an individual organism. All Living Things Develop – development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism. All Living Things Reproduce – reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. It is also the increase in the number of individuals in a population of organisms. a. Asexual Reproduction – a single parent organism reproducing by itself (does not involves gametes or sex cells). b. Sexual Reproduction – Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information. Involves the combination of male & female, sex cells are used. All Living Things Respond To Their Environment Irritability/Excitability – ability to respond to stimuli. a. Stimuli – anything that allow elicit a response (e.g. light, sound, temperature, impact, pressure, pain) b. Response – reaction to stimuli Positive Response – movement towards sources of stimulus 1. Chemotaxis – chemical 2. Phototaxis – light 3. Rheotaxis – water 3 Negative Response – movement away from the source of stimulus (e.g. withdrawal) Characteristics of Life Conductivity – transmit/convey an excitatory state All Living Things Adapt To Their Environment Control Processes – mechanisms that ensure that organisms will carry out metabolic activities at proper rate and sequence. Homeostasis – regulation of a normal internal environment Unique Structural Organization Definite life cycle Made by: Jhayvee Anggati 4
