Characteristics of Life PDF

Characteristics of Life Biology – comes from the greek word: “bios” meaning life and “logos” means study in layman’s term “Scientific study of LIFE”. All Living Things Share Some Basic Properties Cellular Organization Reproduction Metabolism (Obtain & Use of Energy) Responsiveness Growth...

Characteristics of Life Biology – comes from the greek word: “bios” meaning life and “logos” means study in layman’s term “Scientific study of LIFE”. All Living Things Share Some Basic Properties Cellular Organization Reproduction Metabolism (Obtain & Use of Energy) Responsiveness Growth and Development Adapt to their Environment Homeostasis Evolution All Living Things Are Made Up of Cells – smallest unit capable of all life functions. a. Unicellular Organisms - Entire organism is made up of one single cell - Bacteria and protists b. Multicellular Organisms - Entire organism is made up of many or more cells - Cells have specialized functions within the organism Metabolic Processes – involves total of all chemical reaction and energy changes that takes place within the animal. All Living Things Obtain & Use Energy – living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage and reproduce. a. Metabolism – The total of all chemical reactions in an organism. Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism b. Anabolism – The process of BUILDING UP complex substances from simpler substances CONSTRUCTIVE metabolism concern with energy storage. Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis c. Catabolism – The process of BREAKING DOWN complex substances into simpler substances to release energy. DESTRUCTIVE metabolism, concern with energy expenditure. Digestion Cellular Respiration 2  Generative Processes Growth & Development – increase in size & shape of an individual organism. All Living Things Develop – development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism. All Living Things Reproduce – reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. It is also the increase in the number of individuals in a population of organisms. a. Asexual Reproduction – a single parent organism reproducing by itself (does not involves gametes or sex cells). b. Sexual Reproduction – Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information. Involves the combination of male & female, sex cells are used. All Living Things Respond To Their Environment Irritability/Excitability – ability to respond to stimuli. a. Stimuli – anything that allow elicit a response (e.g. light, sound, temperature, impact, pressure, pain) b. Response – reaction to stimuli Positive Response – movement towards sources of stimulus 1. Chemotaxis – chemical 2. Phototaxis – light 3. Rheotaxis – water 3  Negative Response – movement away from the source of stimulus (e.g. withdrawal) Characteristics of Life Conductivity – transmit/convey an excitatory state All Living Things Adapt To Their Environment Control Processes – mechanisms that ensure that organisms will carry out metabolic activities at proper rate and sequence. Homeostasis – regulation of a normal internal environment Unique Structural Organization Definite life cycle Made by: Jhayvee Anggati 4