Chapter 2: The Internet - Connecting and Communicating Online PDF

CHAPTER 2- Part 2 The Internet: Connecting and Communicating Online 12/11/2024 1 Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to: 1. Discuss the evolution of the Internet 2. Describe how to use the web 3. Identify techniques for...

CHAPTER 2- Part 2 The Internet: Connecting and Communicating Online 12/11/2024 1 Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to: 1. Discuss the evolution of the Internet 2. Describe how to use the web 3. Identify techniques for connecting to the Internet 4. Explain various online activities and services 5. Identify considerations for staying safe online 6. Discuss ways to use social networks 7. Describe how to conduct and evaluate online searches 8. Identify considerations for using online content 12/11/2024 2 Web Design Basics Responsive Web Design (RWD) adapts website layout to different screen sizes. HTML specifies webpage content like headings, paragraphs, images, and links. HTML is a core technology for webpage development. CSS controls the design and appearance of webpage content. 12/11/2024 3 Web Design Basics A browser is an app used to access web content (e.g., Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge) Browsers display webpages and allow navigation between them The first page displayed when a browser starts is called the home page or start page 12/11/2024 4 Web Browsers Apple Safari Google Chrome Microsoft Edge Mozilla Firefox Preinstalled on Apple Free and available for Included with the Developed by the computers. Windows, macOS, and Windows operating Mozilla Corporation. Linux. system. Default browser for Default browser for Known for its extensive macOS since 2003. First released in 2008. Windows on most array of plugins. devices. Fast performance and Independent tabbed Integration with Enhanced privacy and parental controls. browsing. Cortana and OneDrive. security features. Web Design Basics Browsers store copies of viewed pages in the cache for faster loading. Cookies are small text files used by websites to store user information. Breadcrumbs track the sequence of pages viewed to navigate back. In web design, breadcrumbs are a navigation aid that shows users their location within a website’s hierarchy. Typically displayed as a horizontal text path (e.g., Home > Category > Subcategory > Page), they help users understand the relationship between pages and easily navigate back to previous sections. 12/11/2024 6  Take a Break In the story of Hansel and Gretel, breadcrumbs were used to mark a trail through the forest so they could find their way back. 12/11/2024 https://x.com/KngHnryVIII/status/ 7 1308462833915457536 Web Design Basics Try to go to these web pages to see the cookie settings. https://www.thelocal.se/ https://www.newsinenglish.no/ Try to go to these web pages to see the breadcrumbs. https://www.zalora.com.my/c/men/shoes/slip-ons/c-27/scat-61 11 12/11/2024 8 Web Design Basics Each webpage on the Internet has a web address, called a URL, that identifies its location. URLs starting with "http://" use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to retrieve web pages. Interpreting a URL reveals information about the webpage's sponsor, origin, and location. Example: In "www.cengage.com", "www" indicates a web server, "cengage" is the company name, and ".com" signifies a commercial entity. 12/11/2024 9 Web Design Basics Many browsers and websites allow you to omit "http://" or "www" in web addresses. Example: You can enter "nps.gov" instead of http://www.nps.gov. Browsers suggest similar addresses or related websites when typing or entering an incorrect URL. If the host name is not "www," you must include it in the web address. 12/11/2024 10  Internet Protocols Do you want to know how to purchase a domain and hosting in Malaysia? Let’s take a look at one of the service providers in Malaysia: https://www.exabytes.my/ Let us try out some interesting activities: Check domain: https://www.exabytes.my/d omains/mydomain Look at the prices and requirements of the domain. 12/11/2024 11 Internet Protocols Computers and devices communicate over a network using protocols, which are common rules for exchanging information. The Internet uses an addressing system similar to the postal service to direct data to specific destinations. A server address in a URL corresponds to an Internet Protocol (IP) address, uniquely identifying each computer on the Internet.An IP address consists of four sets of numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods, e.g., 69.32.132.255. The Internet employs two IP addressing schemes: IPv4 and IPv6.The availability of IPv4 addresses has decreased due to the Internet's growth. IPv6 significantly expands the number of available IP addresses. 12/11/2024 12 Domain Names and URLs Domain names were created to make IP addresses easier for people to remember A domain name identifies one or more IP addresses in a URLURLs use the domain name to identify a specific website Each file on a web server has a unique pathname Pathname includes folder names, file name, and extension Common file extension for webpages is.html or.htm 12/11/2024 13 Domain Names and URLs Domain names were created to make IP addresses easier for people to remember A domain name identifies one or more IP addresses in a URLURLs use the domain name to identify a specific website Each file on a web server has a unique pathname Pathname includes folder names, file name, and extension Common file extension for webpages is.html or.htm Example: In the URL https://www.cengage.com/student/index.html, the domain name is cengage.com. The pathname student/index.html refers to a file named index.html stored in the student folder. 12/11/2024 14  TLD (top-level Intended Purpose domain ) Domain.biz Businesses Names and.com Commercial organizations, URLs businesses, and companies.edu Educational institutions.gov Government agencies.mil Military organizations.museum Museums and individual museum professionals.name Individuals.net Network providers or commercial companies.org Nonprofit organizations.pro Licensed professionals.technology Technology information.travel Entities whose primary area of 12/11/2024 activity is in the travel industry 15 How Data Travels the Internet Computers and devices on the Internet transfer data using servers and clients. Data travels through wired and wireless transmission media. Your device acts as a client accessing data from various servers. The Internet’s structure is similar to a transportation system. The Internet backbone carries the bulk of network traffic. 12/11/2024 16 How Data Travels the Internet DNS stores domain names and their IP addresses DNS translates domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses DNS servers route requests to the correct computer DNS servers are typically associated with ISPs (Internet Service Provider) 12/11/2024 17 How do you select and customize a browser? A browser is usually included with the computer or mobile device's operating system. Use a search engine to find and install the browser you want. Most browsers are free to download. Keep your browser up to date to avoid security risks. 12/11/2024 18 How do you select and customize a browser? Customize settings to enhance your browsing experience with favorites (bookmarks). Access preferred websites easily with a click or icon selection. Browsers include security features to protect against malicious websites. Security features block unwanted sites and save passwords. Privacy features prevent unauthorized access to your browsing history and data. DEMO 12/11/2024 19 How To: Connect to the Internet Connect devices to the Internet via wired or wireless technology Access Internet services for free or for a fee Wired connections use cables to attach devices to modems Wired connections transmit data over physical media Wireless connections use modems or devices to transmit data wirelessly Wireless technologies include cellular radio, satellite, and Wi-Fi 12/11/2024 20 How To: Connect to the Internet ISPs use hardware like cables, satellites, and fiber-optic lines for connections. Most Internet connections today are broadband, capable of transmitting large data. Broadband connections are “always-on,” keeping devices continuously connected. Selecting an ISP is necessary before connecting to the Internet. Connection methods include cellular networks, Wi-Fi hot spots, and mobile hot spots. A hot spot provides Internet access to mobile https:// computers and devices. www.samsung.com/ us/support/answer/ A mobile hot spot connects devices to the Internet ANS10002918/ through the cellular network. 12/11/2024 21 How To: Connect to the Internet ISPs charge a fixed fee for Internet connections. Plans vary based on speed, bandwidth, and services. ISPs may offer additional services like email and online storage. Consider your personal needs before selecting an ISP. Ask yourself key questions when evaluating options. Top 10 Best Internet Service Providers in Malaysia 2024 https://myweekendplan.asia/top-best-internet-service -providers-in-malaysia/ 12/11/2024 22 How To: Connect to the Internet Consider the types of activities you'll be doing as they affect your bandwidth needs. Data sizes are typically measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). Bandwidth impacts how quickly you can access or upload data. Low bandwidth is unsuitable for streaming media or using online software. 12/11/2024 23 How To: Connect to the Internet Think about how many devices you'll need to connect. Your bandwidth needs may change based on daily activities or long-term decisions. Choose a provider that can handle multiple devices and adjust for changing needs. Look for flexibility to scale back service during periods of low usage. https://www.maxis.com.my/en/broadband/ 12/11/2024 24 Choosing a Network Type Growing popularity of mobile phones for Internet access Continuous need for providers to expand network capacity Providers must support the latest cellular standards Increased demand driving network upgrades Option to set up personal hotspots when needed 12/11/2024 25 Cellular Networks Various types of cellular networks are available, including 4G and 5G. 4G networks provide Internet services in most areas with cellular coverage. 5G networks offer faster data transmission for high- bandwidth content. Cellular standards continue to evolve, impacting home Internet usage. More home users are opting for cellular providers over traditional wired connections like cable and DSL. 12/11/2024 26 Malaysia Mobile network operators 12/11/2024 27 Cellular Networks Wi-Fi networks are widely used in homes and businesses for network and Internet connectivity. Wi-Fi-enabled devices can detect available wireless networks within range. Users can view a list of nearby networks when their device is in range. You can choose and connect to the desired network from the list of available options. 12/11/2024 28 Cellular Networks Most hot spots provide unrestricted or open access. Some hot spots require users to agree to terms of service or obtain a password. Additional actions, like getting a password from the hotel’s front desk, may be necessary. Wireless networks in public places are called Wi-Fi hot spots. Common Wi-Fi hot spots include hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops. 12/11/2024 29 Using Wi-Fi Hot Spots Use a mobile hot spot to connect to the Internet when no Wi-Fi networks are available. Many smartphones offer mobile hot spot functionality. Cellular service providers may charge extra fees for mobile hot spot usage. Data transmitted through the hot spot counts towards your overall data usage. Dedicated hot spot devices can provide Internet connectivity to multiple devices. Mobile hot spots create a wireless network for nearby devices to connect. 12/11/2024 30  Using Wi-Fi Hot Spots The mobile hotspot displays the name of the wireless network for connection. A network key (password) may be required to log into the wireless network. Monitor the number of devices connected in busy locations. Change the wireless network key if you notice unauthorized connections. Internet connections via a mobile hotspot are generally slower than Wi-Fi networks. 12/11/2024 31 Using Wi-Fi Hot Spots Tethering turns a smartphone or tablet into a portable communication device. It shares Internet access wirelessly with other computers and devices. Users may incur additional fees for mobile hotspot and tethering services. 12/11/2024 32 Connecting to Wireless Network Employees and students connect to the Internet wirelessly through business or school networks. These networks typically connect to high-speed Internet services. Mobile users access the Internet using Wi-Fi, mobile hot spots, or tethering services when away from their locations. A wireless access point (WAP) enables Wi-Fi compliant devices to connect to a network. Hotels and airports often offer free wireless Internet connections. Connection steps vary based on device, connection type, and network. 12/11/2024 33 How do you know if a Wi-Fi network is safe? Network owners often choose easily identifiable names for their networks. Examples of network names include business names, owner’s names, or addresses. Always verify the wireless network name with an employee in public spaces like restaurants or hotels. Verifying the network name helps prevent connecting to fraudulent networks. Consider your experiences with public Wi-Fi: how did you secure your data and device? 12/11/2024 34 Types of Websites: A Beginner's Websites come in many forms, each serving unique purposes. From static pages to dynamic Guide platforms, understanding these types helps beginners navigate web development. Let's explore the most common website categories NN and their characteristics. Static vs Dynamic Websites Static Websites Dynamic Websites Fixed content, built with HTML and CSS. Interactive, using languages like PHP and Ideal for small businesses and personal JavaScript. Common for social media and e- blogs. commerce. Simple to create and maintain. Limited Content changes based on user input. functionality but fast loading times. Requires more complex development but offers greater flexibility. Explore Websites, Web Apps, and E- Commerce Websites: Primarily informational and content-focused. Typically static, meaning they display the same content to all users. Users mainly consume information (e.g., blogs, news sites, company websites). Example: A corporate website that shares details about a company. Web Apps: Designed for interaction and user engagement. Typically dynamic, with content and functionality that change based on user input. Example: Microsoft Office provides Excel, PowerPoint, and Word as web apps, and Google offers a suite of online productivity apps. 12/11/2024 37 Explore Websites, Web Apps, and E- Commerce Examples of websites and webapps: https://www.udemy.com/ https://www.cimbclicks.com.my/clicks/#/ https://brighten.uniten.edu.my/login/index.php 12/11/2024 38 Specialized Website Types E-commerce Designed for online sales. Integrated payment gateways and product catalogs are essential features. Portfolio Showcase creative work. Emphasizes visual design and project galleries for artists and designers. Blogs Focus on regular content updates. Often built on platforms like WordPress for easy management. Social Media Platforms for user interaction. Features include profiles, messaging, and content sharing capabilities. E-Commerce E-commerce refers to business transactions over electronic networks like the Internet Accessible to anyone with a device, Internet connection, and payment method Common uses: shopping, auctions, finance, travel, entertainment, and health Consumers appreciate the convenience of e- commerce Businesses use e-commerce to increase revenue E-commerce is transforming the modern marketplace Physical retail stores are declining, while e- commerce platforms like Amazon are thriving 12/11/2024 40 E-Commerce Here are concise points for your slides: Three types of e-commerce websites:  Business-to-Consumer (B2C)  Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)  Business-to-Business (B2B) B2C e-commerce: Sale of goods and services to the public (e.g., shopping websites) C2C e-commerce: Consumers sell directly to other consumers (e.g., online auctions) B2B e-commerce: Businesses provide goods and services to other businesses (e.g., advertising, recruiting, market research) 12/11/2024 41 Other type of websites/ webapps News, Weather and Sports Educational Business, Governmental, and Organizational Blogs Health and Fitness Science Entertainment Banking and Finance Travel and Tourism Mapping Retail and Auctions Careers and Employment Portals 12/11/2024 42 Secure IT: Stay Safe Online Secure websites use encryption to protect transmitted information. Encryption scrambles data during transmission, making it unreadable until decrypted. Encrypted website connections display "https" instead of "http" in the URL. The "s" in https stands for "secure" (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure). Websites like banks and retail stores use https to create secure connections. 12/11/2024 43 More to come… 12/11/2024 44